Harpaliani. Roma Kolonisi Philippi’de Yeni Bir Köy

Year 2016, Volume: Suppl. 1, 640 - 650, 31.08.2016

Pantelis M. Nigdelis

Abstract

İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde colonia statüsüne
sahip Doğu Makedonia kenti Philippi’nin 9 km batısında Ka­lamonas Köyü
yakınlarında İ.S. 2. Yy.da Latince kaleme alınmış bir mezar sunağı ele
geçmiştir. Mezar sahibi Bacchanius Bizes mensup olduğu Harpaliani köy
sakinlerine 250 denaria miktarında bir meblağ bırakarak bu ana paranın
faizinden Rosalia Bayramı’nda her yıl kendisi için bir şölen yapıl­ma­sını ve
şölene katılanların hamamda eğlenmesini buyurmuştur. Ölü kültü ile bağlantısı olan
ve ilk­baharda kutlanan Rosalia Bayramı başka birçok yazıtta da belgelenmiştir.
Yazar yazıtın bazı özelliklerine değindikten sonra Harpaliani Köyü hakkında
bazı düşüncelerini sun­maktadır. Köy ismi Makedonia kökenli Harpalos şahıs
isminden türetilmiştir. Olasılıkla II. Philippos veya ardılları bu bölgede bulunan
geniş bir araziyi, kendilerine hizmet eden Harpalos adında bir şahısa
devretmişlerdi. Philippi kentinin colonia statüsüne kavuştuğu İ.Ö. 42 yılında
veya sonrasında bu arazi bir köy statüsüne kavuşmuştur. Büyük ölçüde Thrak
kökenli olan bölge sakinleri kısmen Latinceyi ka­bul etmişler ve köyün ismini
de Latinceleştirmişlerdir. Mezar sahibi de Roma vatandaşlığına sahip olan Thrak
kökenli bir şahıs idi. İsmini Doğu Thrakia’da konumlanan Vize kentinden
almıştır. Makaleye konu olan mezar yazıtının çevrisi şöyledir:

Bacchanius Bizes henüz
hayattayken Harpaliani’ye 250 denarii miras olarak bıraktı. Onun gelirlerinden meza­rında
yıllık bir kurban kesilmesi [ve] Rosalia bayramlarında bir şölen yapılması ve
ayrıca balneum’da eğlenmesi sağlanmalıdır. Eğer bu şartlar yerine getirilmezse,
para, Iupiter Optimus Maxi­mus’un kült der­neğinin yeni üyelerinin derneğine
verilmelidir. Calpurnia Kleopatra bu mezarın yapı­mıyla ilgi­len­me­lidir.

Keywords

Philippi, Harpaliani, Mezar Yazıtı, Rosalia, Bacchanius Bizes, Calpurnia Cleopatra

HARPALIANI: A new Village of the Roman Colony of Philippi

Abstract

First
edition and historical commentary of an inscription inscribed at the front
surface of a funerary altar dated to AD 2nd cent. The altar was found in the
modern village of Kalamonas 9 km to the west of the Roman colony of Philippi.
According to the text, which consists of excerpts of a testament, a certain
Bacchanius Bizes left a bequest of two hun­dred and fifty denarii to the in­habitants
of an otherwise unknown village (vicus) of the colony called Harpaliani. From
the reve­nues of the bequest the latter were to provide an annual sacrifice on
the deceased’s monument, a feast on the day of the Festival of Roses (Rosis), and
also to enjoy the balneum (gymnasium), a detail which is attested for the first
time in inscriptions with similar testaments found in Philippi and its vici. If
in any year these conditions were not fulfilled, then the money was to go to
the members of the cult association of Jupiter Optimus Maximus residing in
Philippi. Harpaliani is a new ethno­nym derived obviously from the Greek name
Harpalos. On this ground a hypothesis is suggested as to its history: the site
of the village would be in the Hellenistic age a planta­tion belonging to a
Mace­donian Companion named Harpalos, on a piece of land given him by a king in
the district of Kala­monas, after the fall of the Macedonian dynasty the
plantation and its occupants would have be­come a village, which finally had
been mi­grated into the territorium of the Roman colony of Philippi (42 BC).

Keywords

Philippi, Harpaliani, funerary inscription, Rosalia, Bacchanius Bizes, Calpurnia Cleopatra

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