Helicobacter Pylori Enfeksiyonunun Hematolojik Belirtileri
Year 2023,
, 146 - 151, 01.11.2023
Can Özlü
,
Sevil Alkan
,
Tuba Erürker Öztürk
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori dünya çapında görülen bir bakteriyel enfeksiyona yol açar. Helicobacter pylori asemptomatik enfeksiyondan, peptik ülser, gastrit, gastrointestinal maligniteye kadar birçok hastalığa yol açar. Son yıllarda bu enfeksiyonun gastrointestinal tutulumlarının dışında birçok hastalık etiyolojisinde de rol oynadığı bildirilmiştir. Hematolojik hastalıklar da bu hastalıklar arasında tanımlanmıştır. Bu derleme çalışmasında Helicobacter pylori enfeksiyonunun hematolojik hastalıklar ile ilişkisinin literatür eşliğinde gözden geçirmeyi amaçladık.
Supporting Institution
yok
References
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- Peleteiro B, Bastos A, Ferro A, Lunet N. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection worldwide: A systematic review of studies with national coverage. Dig Dis Sci. 2014;59:1698–1709.
- de Brito BB, da Silva FAF, Soares AS, Pereira VA, Santos MLC, Sampaio MM, et al. Pathogenesis and clinical management of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(37):5578-5589. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i37.5578.
- Warren JR, Marshall B. Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Lancet. 1983;1:1273–1275.
- Fischer W. Assembly and molecular mode of action of the Helicobacter pylori Cag type IV secretion apparatus. FEBS J. 2011;278:1203–1212.
- Shibayama K, Wachino J, Arakawa Y, Saidijam M, Rutherford NG, Henderson PJ. Metabolism of glutamine and glutathione via gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and glutamate transport in Helicobacter pylori: Possible significance in the pathophysiology of the organism. Mol Microbiol. 2007;64:396–406.
- Eaton KA, Morgan DR, Krakowka S. Motility as a factor in the colonisation of gnotobiotic piglets by Helicobacter pylori. J Med Microbiol. 1992;37:123–127.
- Worku ML, Karim QN, Spencer J, Sidebotham RL. Chemotactic response of Helicobacter pylori to human plasma and bile. J Med Microbiol. 2004;53:807–811.
- Mizote T, Yoshiyama H, Nakazawa T. Urease-independent chemotactic responses of Helicobacter pylori to urea, urease inhibitors, and sodium bicarbonate. Infect Immun. 1997;65:1519–1521.
- Diaconu S, Predescu A, Moldoveanu A, Pop CS, Fierbințeanu-Braticevici C. Helicobacter pylori infection: old and new. J Med Life. 2017;10(2):112-117.
- Ieni A, Barresi V, Rigoli L, Fedele F, Tuccari G, Caruso RA. Morphological and Cellular Features of Innate Immune Reaction in Helicobacter pylori Gastritis: A Brief Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016;17(1):109.
- Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O’Morain CA, Atherton J, Axon AT, Bazzoli F, et al. European Helicobacter Study Group. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection--the Maastricht IV/ Florence Consensus Report. Gut. 2012;61:646–664.
- Fischbach W, Malfertheiner P. Helicobacter Pylori Infection. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018;115(25):429-436. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0429.
- Gravina AG, Zagari RM, De Musis C, Romano L, Loguercio C, Romano M. Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases: A review. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(29):3204-3221. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i29.3204.
- Blecker U, Renders F, Lanciers S, Vandenplas Y. Syncopes leading to the diagnosis of a Helicobacter pylori positive chronic active haemorrhagic gastritis. Eur J Pediatr. 1991;150:560–561.
- Zhang ZF, Yang N, Zhao G, Zhu L, Zhu Y, Wang LX. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on iron deficiency. Chin Med J (Engl). 2010;123:1924–1930.
- Muhsen K, Cohen D. Helicobacter pylori infection and iron stores: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Helicobacter. 2008;13:323–340.
- Qu XH, Huang XL, Xiong P, Zhu CY, Huang YL, Lu LG, et al. Does Helicobacter pylori infection play a role in iron deficiency anemia? A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:886–896.
- Huang X, Qu X, Yan W, Huang Y, Cai M, Hu B, et al. Iron deficiency anaemia can be improved after eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Postgrad Med J. 2010;86:272–278.
- Ortiz M, Rosado-Carrion B, Bredy R. Role of helicobacter pylori infection in Hispanic patients with anemia. Bol Asso Med P R. 2014;106:13–18.
- Sato Y, Yoneyama O, Azumaya M, Takeuchi M, Sasaki SY, Yokoyama J, et al. The relationship between iron deficiency in patients with helicobacter pylori-infected nodular gastritis and the serum prohepcidin level. Helicobacter. 2015;20:11–18.
- Yuan W, Li Yumin, Yang Kehu, Ma Bin, Guan Quanlin, Wang D, et al. Iron deficiency anemia in Helicobacter pylori infection: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010;45:665–676.
- Hershko C, Camaschella C. How I treat unexplained refractory iron deficiency anemia. Blood. 2014;123:326–333.
- Hudak L, Jaraisy A, Haj S, Muhsen K. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia. Helicobacter. 2017;22(1). doi: 10.1111/hel.12330.
- Goddard AF, James MW, McIntyre AS, Scott BB; British Society of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Gut. 2011;60(10):1309-1316. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.228874.
- Mendoza E, Duque X, Hernández Franco JI, Reyes Maldonado E, Morán S, Martínez G, et al. Association between Active H. pylori Infection and Iron Deficiency Assessed by Serum Hepcidin Levels in School-Age Children. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2141. doi: 10.3390/nu11092141.
- Yokota S, Toita N, Yamamoto S, Fujii N, Konno M. Positive relationship between a polymorphism in Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein a gene and iron-deficiency anemia. Helicobacter. 2013;18(2):112-116. doi: 10.1111/hel.12011.
- Senkovich O, Ceaser S, McGee DJ, Testerman TL. Unique host iron utilization mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori revealed with iron-deficient chemically defined media. Infect Immun. 2010;78(5):1841-1849. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01258-09.
- El-Omar EM. Iron deficiency and Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer: Too little, too bad. J. Clin. Investig. 2013;123:113–114. doi: 10.1172/JCI67200
- Noto JM, Gaddy JA, Lee JY, Piazuelo MB, Friedman DB, Colvin DC, et al. Iron deficiency accelerates Helicobacter pylori-induced carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(1):479-492. doi: 10.1172/JCI64373.
- Sokolova O, Borgmann M, Rieke C, Schweitzer K, Rothkötter HJ, Naumann M. Helicobacter pylori induces type 4 secretion system-dependent, but CagA-independent activation of IκBs and NF-κB/RelA at early time points. Int J Med Microbiol. 2013;303(8):548-552. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.07.008
- Noto JM, Piazuelo MB, Shah SC, Romero-Gallo J, Hart JL, Di C, Carmichael JD, et al. Iron deficiency linked to altered bile acid metabolism promotes Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation-driven gastric carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(10):e147822. doi: 10.1172/JCI147822.
- Annibale B, Marginani M, Monarca B, Antonelli G, Marcheggiano A, Martino G, et al. Reversal of iron deficiency anemia after helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with asymptomatic gastritis. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:668–672.
- Bazmamoun H, Razavi Z, Esfahani H, Arefian. Evaluation of iron deficiency anemia and BMI in children suffering from helicobacter pylori infection. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol. 2014;4:167–171.
- Sandström G, Rödjer S, Kaijser B, Börjesson M. Helicobacter pylori antibodies and iron deficiency in female adolescents. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e113059. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113059.
- O’Connor HJ, Axon AT, Dixon MF. Campylobacter-like organisms unusual in type a (pernicious anaemia) gastritis. Lancet. 1984;2(8411):1091.
- Stabler SP. Vitamin B12 deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:2041–2042.
- Sarari AS, Farraj MA, Hamoudi W, Essawi TA. Helicobacter pylori, a causative agent of vitamin B12 deficiency. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2008;2(5):346–349.
- Shuval-Sudai O, Granot E. An association between helicobacter pylori infection and serum vitamin B12 levels in healthy adults. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003;36(2):130–133.
- Tsay FW, Hsu PI. H. pylori infection and extra-gastroduodenal diseases. J Biomed Sci. 2018;25(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s12929-018-0469-6.
- Toh BH, van Driel IR, Gleeson PA. Pernicious anemia. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1441–1448.
- Lahner E, Persechino S, Annibale B. Micronutrients (Other than iron) and Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review. Helicobacter. 2012;17:1–15.
- Marino MC, de Oliveira CA, Rocha AM, Rocha GA, Clementino NC, Antunes LF, et al. Long-term effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on plasma homocysteine in elderly patients with cobalamin deficiency. Gut. 2007;56:469-474.
- Campuzano-Maya G. Hematologic manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:12818–12838.
- Robinson K, Atherton JC. The Spectrum of Helicobacter-Mediated Diseases. Annu Rev Pathol. 2021;16:123-144. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-032520-024949.
- García Pérez A, Valverde de La Osa J, Giménez Samper M, Alonso García I. Resolution of an autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura after eradicating treatment of Helicobacter pylori. Sangre (Barc). 1999;44:387–388.
- Jackson SC, Beck P, Buret AG, O’Connor PM, Meddings J, Pineo G, et al. Long term platelet responses to Helicobacter pylori eradication in Canadian patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Int J Hematol. 2008;88:212-218.
- Stasi R, Rossi Z, Stipa E, Amadori S, Newland AC, Provan D. Helicobacter pylori eradication in the management of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Med. 2005;118:414–419.
- Suvajdzić N, Stanković B, Artiko V, Cvejić T, Bulat V, Bakrac M, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication can induce platelet recovery in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Platelets. 2006;17:227–230.
- Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F, Tartaglione R, Landolfi R, Pola P, Gasbarrini G. Regression of autoimmune thrombocytopenia after eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Lancet. 1998;352:878.
- Asahi A, Nishimoto T, Okazaki Y, Suzuki H, Masaoka T, Kawakami Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication shifts monocyte Fcgamma receptor balance toward inhibitory FcgammaRIIB in immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:2939–2949.
- Takeuchi H, Okamoto A. Helicobacter pylori Infection and Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia. J Clin Med. 2022;11(16):4822. doi: 10.3390/jcm11164822.
- Vishnu P, Duncan J, Connell N, Cooper N, Lim W, Rodeghiero F, et al; Platelet Immunology Scientific, Standardization Committee. International survey on Helicobacter pylori testing in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: Communication of the platelet immunology scientific and standardization committee. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19(1):287-296. doi: 10.1111/jth.15136. PMID: 33070448.
- O’Neill CM, Weitz IC, O’Connell C, Liebman HA. Ethnic and racial difference in Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with immune thrombocytopenia treated at a major urban medical center. Platelets. 2019;30(3):413-417. doi: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1453061.
- Frydman GH, Davis N, Beck PL, Fox JG. Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Review and the Role of Biogeography. Helicobacter. 2015;20(4):239-251. doi: 10.1111/hel.12200.
- Pezeshki SMS, Saki N, Ghandali MV, Ekrami A, Avarvand AY. Effect of Helicobacter Pylori eradication on patients with ITP: a meta-analysis of studies conducted in the Middle East. Blood Res. 2021;56(1):38-43. doi: 10.5045/br.2021.2020189.
- Hwang JJ, Lee DH, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N. The effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Gut and Liver. 2016;10(3):356.
- Atay AA, Kürekçi AE, Kesik V, Özcan O, Gökçay E. Vitamin B12 levels in children with Helicobacter pylori infection. Gülhane Tip Dergisi.2005;47(2):123.
- Dilaveroğlu H, Şahin Ş, Taşlıyurt T. Helikobakter Pilori Eradikasyonu Öncesi ile Sonrası Hematolojik Parametrelerin Karşılaştırılması. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;11(4):176-190.
- Sakin YS, Tanoglu A, Ozturk K, Ozcelik F, Duzenli T, Uslu SA, et al. Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio changes significantly in case of Helicobacter pylori infection irrelevant of inflammation degree. Advanced Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2020;15(5):150-154.
Hematologic Manifestations of Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Year 2023,
, 146 - 151, 01.11.2023
Can Özlü
,
Sevil Alkan
,
Tuba Erürker Öztürk
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a worldwide bacterial infection. Helicobacter pylori cause many diseases ranging from asymptomatic infection to peptic ulcer, gastritis, and gastrointestinal malignancy. In recent years, this infection has been reported to play a role in the etiology of many diseases other than gastrointestinal involvement. Hematologic diseases have also been described among these diseases. In this review study, we aimed to review the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and hematologic diseases in light of the literature.
References
- Alzahrani S, Lina TT, Gonzalez J, Pinchuk IV, Beswick EJ, Reyes VE. Effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastric epithelial cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:12767–12780.
- Peleteiro B, Bastos A, Ferro A, Lunet N. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection worldwide: A systematic review of studies with national coverage. Dig Dis Sci. 2014;59:1698–1709.
- de Brito BB, da Silva FAF, Soares AS, Pereira VA, Santos MLC, Sampaio MM, et al. Pathogenesis and clinical management of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(37):5578-5589. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i37.5578.
- Warren JR, Marshall B. Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Lancet. 1983;1:1273–1275.
- Fischer W. Assembly and molecular mode of action of the Helicobacter pylori Cag type IV secretion apparatus. FEBS J. 2011;278:1203–1212.
- Shibayama K, Wachino J, Arakawa Y, Saidijam M, Rutherford NG, Henderson PJ. Metabolism of glutamine and glutathione via gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and glutamate transport in Helicobacter pylori: Possible significance in the pathophysiology of the organism. Mol Microbiol. 2007;64:396–406.
- Eaton KA, Morgan DR, Krakowka S. Motility as a factor in the colonisation of gnotobiotic piglets by Helicobacter pylori. J Med Microbiol. 1992;37:123–127.
- Worku ML, Karim QN, Spencer J, Sidebotham RL. Chemotactic response of Helicobacter pylori to human plasma and bile. J Med Microbiol. 2004;53:807–811.
- Mizote T, Yoshiyama H, Nakazawa T. Urease-independent chemotactic responses of Helicobacter pylori to urea, urease inhibitors, and sodium bicarbonate. Infect Immun. 1997;65:1519–1521.
- Diaconu S, Predescu A, Moldoveanu A, Pop CS, Fierbințeanu-Braticevici C. Helicobacter pylori infection: old and new. J Med Life. 2017;10(2):112-117.
- Ieni A, Barresi V, Rigoli L, Fedele F, Tuccari G, Caruso RA. Morphological and Cellular Features of Innate Immune Reaction in Helicobacter pylori Gastritis: A Brief Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016;17(1):109.
- Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O’Morain CA, Atherton J, Axon AT, Bazzoli F, et al. European Helicobacter Study Group. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection--the Maastricht IV/ Florence Consensus Report. Gut. 2012;61:646–664.
- Fischbach W, Malfertheiner P. Helicobacter Pylori Infection. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018;115(25):429-436. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0429.
- Gravina AG, Zagari RM, De Musis C, Romano L, Loguercio C, Romano M. Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases: A review. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(29):3204-3221. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i29.3204.
- Blecker U, Renders F, Lanciers S, Vandenplas Y. Syncopes leading to the diagnosis of a Helicobacter pylori positive chronic active haemorrhagic gastritis. Eur J Pediatr. 1991;150:560–561.
- Zhang ZF, Yang N, Zhao G, Zhu L, Zhu Y, Wang LX. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on iron deficiency. Chin Med J (Engl). 2010;123:1924–1930.
- Muhsen K, Cohen D. Helicobacter pylori infection and iron stores: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Helicobacter. 2008;13:323–340.
- Qu XH, Huang XL, Xiong P, Zhu CY, Huang YL, Lu LG, et al. Does Helicobacter pylori infection play a role in iron deficiency anemia? A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:886–896.
- Huang X, Qu X, Yan W, Huang Y, Cai M, Hu B, et al. Iron deficiency anaemia can be improved after eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Postgrad Med J. 2010;86:272–278.
- Ortiz M, Rosado-Carrion B, Bredy R. Role of helicobacter pylori infection in Hispanic patients with anemia. Bol Asso Med P R. 2014;106:13–18.
- Sato Y, Yoneyama O, Azumaya M, Takeuchi M, Sasaki SY, Yokoyama J, et al. The relationship between iron deficiency in patients with helicobacter pylori-infected nodular gastritis and the serum prohepcidin level. Helicobacter. 2015;20:11–18.
- Yuan W, Li Yumin, Yang Kehu, Ma Bin, Guan Quanlin, Wang D, et al. Iron deficiency anemia in Helicobacter pylori infection: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010;45:665–676.
- Hershko C, Camaschella C. How I treat unexplained refractory iron deficiency anemia. Blood. 2014;123:326–333.
- Hudak L, Jaraisy A, Haj S, Muhsen K. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia. Helicobacter. 2017;22(1). doi: 10.1111/hel.12330.
- Goddard AF, James MW, McIntyre AS, Scott BB; British Society of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Gut. 2011;60(10):1309-1316. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.228874.
- Mendoza E, Duque X, Hernández Franco JI, Reyes Maldonado E, Morán S, Martínez G, et al. Association between Active H. pylori Infection and Iron Deficiency Assessed by Serum Hepcidin Levels in School-Age Children. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2141. doi: 10.3390/nu11092141.
- Yokota S, Toita N, Yamamoto S, Fujii N, Konno M. Positive relationship between a polymorphism in Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein a gene and iron-deficiency anemia. Helicobacter. 2013;18(2):112-116. doi: 10.1111/hel.12011.
- Senkovich O, Ceaser S, McGee DJ, Testerman TL. Unique host iron utilization mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori revealed with iron-deficient chemically defined media. Infect Immun. 2010;78(5):1841-1849. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01258-09.
- El-Omar EM. Iron deficiency and Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer: Too little, too bad. J. Clin. Investig. 2013;123:113–114. doi: 10.1172/JCI67200
- Noto JM, Gaddy JA, Lee JY, Piazuelo MB, Friedman DB, Colvin DC, et al. Iron deficiency accelerates Helicobacter pylori-induced carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(1):479-492. doi: 10.1172/JCI64373.
- Sokolova O, Borgmann M, Rieke C, Schweitzer K, Rothkötter HJ, Naumann M. Helicobacter pylori induces type 4 secretion system-dependent, but CagA-independent activation of IκBs and NF-κB/RelA at early time points. Int J Med Microbiol. 2013;303(8):548-552. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.07.008
- Noto JM, Piazuelo MB, Shah SC, Romero-Gallo J, Hart JL, Di C, Carmichael JD, et al. Iron deficiency linked to altered bile acid metabolism promotes Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation-driven gastric carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(10):e147822. doi: 10.1172/JCI147822.
- Annibale B, Marginani M, Monarca B, Antonelli G, Marcheggiano A, Martino G, et al. Reversal of iron deficiency anemia after helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with asymptomatic gastritis. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:668–672.
- Bazmamoun H, Razavi Z, Esfahani H, Arefian. Evaluation of iron deficiency anemia and BMI in children suffering from helicobacter pylori infection. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol. 2014;4:167–171.
- Sandström G, Rödjer S, Kaijser B, Börjesson M. Helicobacter pylori antibodies and iron deficiency in female adolescents. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e113059. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113059.
- O’Connor HJ, Axon AT, Dixon MF. Campylobacter-like organisms unusual in type a (pernicious anaemia) gastritis. Lancet. 1984;2(8411):1091.
- Stabler SP. Vitamin B12 deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:2041–2042.
- Sarari AS, Farraj MA, Hamoudi W, Essawi TA. Helicobacter pylori, a causative agent of vitamin B12 deficiency. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2008;2(5):346–349.
- Shuval-Sudai O, Granot E. An association between helicobacter pylori infection and serum vitamin B12 levels in healthy adults. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003;36(2):130–133.
- Tsay FW, Hsu PI. H. pylori infection and extra-gastroduodenal diseases. J Biomed Sci. 2018;25(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s12929-018-0469-6.
- Toh BH, van Driel IR, Gleeson PA. Pernicious anemia. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1441–1448.
- Lahner E, Persechino S, Annibale B. Micronutrients (Other than iron) and Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review. Helicobacter. 2012;17:1–15.
- Marino MC, de Oliveira CA, Rocha AM, Rocha GA, Clementino NC, Antunes LF, et al. Long-term effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on plasma homocysteine in elderly patients with cobalamin deficiency. Gut. 2007;56:469-474.
- Campuzano-Maya G. Hematologic manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:12818–12838.
- Robinson K, Atherton JC. The Spectrum of Helicobacter-Mediated Diseases. Annu Rev Pathol. 2021;16:123-144. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-032520-024949.
- García Pérez A, Valverde de La Osa J, Giménez Samper M, Alonso García I. Resolution of an autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura after eradicating treatment of Helicobacter pylori. Sangre (Barc). 1999;44:387–388.
- Jackson SC, Beck P, Buret AG, O’Connor PM, Meddings J, Pineo G, et al. Long term platelet responses to Helicobacter pylori eradication in Canadian patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Int J Hematol. 2008;88:212-218.
- Stasi R, Rossi Z, Stipa E, Amadori S, Newland AC, Provan D. Helicobacter pylori eradication in the management of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Med. 2005;118:414–419.
- Suvajdzić N, Stanković B, Artiko V, Cvejić T, Bulat V, Bakrac M, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication can induce platelet recovery in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Platelets. 2006;17:227–230.
- Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F, Tartaglione R, Landolfi R, Pola P, Gasbarrini G. Regression of autoimmune thrombocytopenia after eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Lancet. 1998;352:878.
- Asahi A, Nishimoto T, Okazaki Y, Suzuki H, Masaoka T, Kawakami Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication shifts monocyte Fcgamma receptor balance toward inhibitory FcgammaRIIB in immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:2939–2949.
- Takeuchi H, Okamoto A. Helicobacter pylori Infection and Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia. J Clin Med. 2022;11(16):4822. doi: 10.3390/jcm11164822.
- Vishnu P, Duncan J, Connell N, Cooper N, Lim W, Rodeghiero F, et al; Platelet Immunology Scientific, Standardization Committee. International survey on Helicobacter pylori testing in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: Communication of the platelet immunology scientific and standardization committee. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19(1):287-296. doi: 10.1111/jth.15136. PMID: 33070448.
- O’Neill CM, Weitz IC, O’Connell C, Liebman HA. Ethnic and racial difference in Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with immune thrombocytopenia treated at a major urban medical center. Platelets. 2019;30(3):413-417. doi: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1453061.
- Frydman GH, Davis N, Beck PL, Fox JG. Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Review and the Role of Biogeography. Helicobacter. 2015;20(4):239-251. doi: 10.1111/hel.12200.
- Pezeshki SMS, Saki N, Ghandali MV, Ekrami A, Avarvand AY. Effect of Helicobacter Pylori eradication on patients with ITP: a meta-analysis of studies conducted in the Middle East. Blood Res. 2021;56(1):38-43. doi: 10.5045/br.2021.2020189.
- Hwang JJ, Lee DH, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N. The effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Gut and Liver. 2016;10(3):356.
- Atay AA, Kürekçi AE, Kesik V, Özcan O, Gökçay E. Vitamin B12 levels in children with Helicobacter pylori infection. Gülhane Tip Dergisi.2005;47(2):123.
- Dilaveroğlu H, Şahin Ş, Taşlıyurt T. Helikobakter Pilori Eradikasyonu Öncesi ile Sonrası Hematolojik Parametrelerin Karşılaştırılması. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;11(4):176-190.
- Sakin YS, Tanoglu A, Ozturk K, Ozcelik F, Duzenli T, Uslu SA, et al. Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio changes significantly in case of Helicobacter pylori infection irrelevant of inflammation degree. Advanced Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2020;15(5):150-154.