Short Communication
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Acil Serviste Batin Tomografisi Yorumlama

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 123 - 124, 13.01.2026

Abstract

Bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), akut batın patolojilerinin acil serviste hızlı ve doğru bir şekilde değerlendirilmesinde kritik bir görüntüleme yöntemidir. X-ışınlarının farklı dokularda oluşturduğu attenuasyon farklarına dayanan bu yöntem, ilk kez Hounsfield ve Cormack tarafından geliştirilmiş ve modern tıpta devrim yaratmıştır. BT teknolojisinin 1990’lı yıllarda spiral ve multislice sistemlere evrilmesi ile birlikte görüntüleme hızı ve çözünürlüğü belirgin şekilde artmıştır. Ardından dual-source BT sistemlerinin tanıtılması ile özellikle vasküler patolojilerde hareket artefaktları azaltılmış, tanısal doğruluk daha da yükselmiştir.
Abdominal BT’nin değerlendirilmesinde temel kavramlardan biri Hounsfield Unit (HU) olup, dokuların yoğunluğunu sayısal olarak ifade eder ve inflamasyon, ödem, kanama veya kitle gibi patolojilerin ayırt edilmesinde büyük rol oynar. Klinik öykü, vital bulgular ve laboratuvar verileri ile birlikte fazların (arteriyel, portal venöz, geç) doğru analiz edilmesi tanısal süreçte belirleyicidir. Kontrastsız BT’nin tanısal değerinin kontrastlı incelemelere kıyasla özellikle akut karın ağrısında daha düşük olduğu gösterilmiştir; nitekim JAMA Surgery’de yayımlanan bir çalışma kontrastsız BT’nin yaklaşık %30 daha az doğru olduğunu bildirmiştir.

References

  • Hounsfield, G. N. Computerized transverse axial scanning (tomography): Part 1. Description of system. British Journal of Radiology, 1973;46(552):1016–22.
  • Cormack, A. M. Reconstruction of densities from their projections. Journal of Applied Physics, 1973;34(9):2722–2727.
  • Kalender, W. A. Spiral CT: A new technology for volumetric scanning. European Radiology, 1990;1(1):56–67.
  • Flohr, T., Ohnesorge, B., Becker, C. R., Knez, A., & Reiser, M. Multi-detector and dual-source CT in cardiac imaging. European Radiology, 2006;16(6):256–68.
  • Brooks, R. A. A quantitative theory of the Hounsfield unit. Radiology, 1977;124(2):255–9.
  • Corsi, F., Chiappa, C., Cobellis, G., & Bossi, D. Clinical use of contrast-enhanced phases in abdominal CT imaging. Abdominal Imaging, 2009;34(2):193–200.
  • Ho, L. M., Harvin, H. J., & Joshi, R. M.Diagnostic accuracy of noncontrast versus contrast-enhanced CT in acute abdominal pain. JAMA Surgery, 2018;153(2):109–17.
  • Lamb, C., Halligan, S., Burling, D., & Bassett, P. Discrepancies in reporting emergency CT: Effect of radiologist location and experience. Clinical Radiology, 2015;70(4):441–7.
  • Lee, W. K., & Whitley, J. E. Imaging of acute abdominal emergencies in adults. Radiographics, 2011;31(4):927–46.
  • Bollen, T. L., van Santvoort, H. C., Besselink, M. G., & Gooszen, H. G. Imaging of acute pancreatitis: Current status and future directions. Radiology, 2007;243(3):683–92.
  • Mularski, R. A., Ciccolo, M. L., & Rappaport, W. D. Nonsurgical causes of pneumoperitoneum. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2000;36(3):301–10.
  • Yılmaz, O., Çorbacıoğlu, Ş. K., & Aksel, G. Agreement between emergency physicians and radiologists in interpretation of abdominal CT. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2016;16(1):15–20.

Interpreting Abdominal Tomography in the Emergency Department

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 123 - 124, 13.01.2026

Abstract

Computed tomography (CT) is a critical imaging modality for the rapid and accurate evaluation of acute abdominal pathologies in the emergency department. Based on attenuation differences created by X-rays passing through various tissues, this technique was first developed by Hounsfield and Cormack and revolutionized modern medicine. With the transition to spiral and multislice systems in the 1990s, both imaging speed and resolution improved significantly. The subsequent introduction of dual-source CT systems further enhanced diagnostic accuracy by reducing motion artifacts, particularly in vascular pathologies.
A fundamental concept in abdominal CT interpretation is the Hounsfield Unit (HU), which numerically quantifies tissue density and plays a major role in differentiating inflammation, edema, hemorrhage, or masses. Integrating clinical history, vital signs, and laboratory findings with accurate phase assessment (arterial, portal venous, delayed) is essential for diagnostic precision. The diagnostic value of non-contrast CT has been shown to be inferior to contrast-enhanced imaging, especially in patients presenting with acute abdominal pain; indeed, a study published in JAMA Surgery reported that non-contrast CT is approximately 30% less accurate.

References

  • Hounsfield, G. N. Computerized transverse axial scanning (tomography): Part 1. Description of system. British Journal of Radiology, 1973;46(552):1016–22.
  • Cormack, A. M. Reconstruction of densities from their projections. Journal of Applied Physics, 1973;34(9):2722–2727.
  • Kalender, W. A. Spiral CT: A new technology for volumetric scanning. European Radiology, 1990;1(1):56–67.
  • Flohr, T., Ohnesorge, B., Becker, C. R., Knez, A., & Reiser, M. Multi-detector and dual-source CT in cardiac imaging. European Radiology, 2006;16(6):256–68.
  • Brooks, R. A. A quantitative theory of the Hounsfield unit. Radiology, 1977;124(2):255–9.
  • Corsi, F., Chiappa, C., Cobellis, G., & Bossi, D. Clinical use of contrast-enhanced phases in abdominal CT imaging. Abdominal Imaging, 2009;34(2):193–200.
  • Ho, L. M., Harvin, H. J., & Joshi, R. M.Diagnostic accuracy of noncontrast versus contrast-enhanced CT in acute abdominal pain. JAMA Surgery, 2018;153(2):109–17.
  • Lamb, C., Halligan, S., Burling, D., & Bassett, P. Discrepancies in reporting emergency CT: Effect of radiologist location and experience. Clinical Radiology, 2015;70(4):441–7.
  • Lee, W. K., & Whitley, J. E. Imaging of acute abdominal emergencies in adults. Radiographics, 2011;31(4):927–46.
  • Bollen, T. L., van Santvoort, H. C., Besselink, M. G., & Gooszen, H. G. Imaging of acute pancreatitis: Current status and future directions. Radiology, 2007;243(3):683–92.
  • Mularski, R. A., Ciccolo, M. L., & Rappaport, W. D. Nonsurgical causes of pneumoperitoneum. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2000;36(3):301–10.
  • Yılmaz, O., Çorbacıoğlu, Ş. K., & Aksel, G. Agreement between emergency physicians and radiologists in interpretation of abdominal CT. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2016;16(1):15–20.
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Emergency Medicine, Radiology and Organ Imaging
Journal Section Short Communication
Authors

Türker Demirtakan 0000-0002-4075-5518

Submission Date December 9, 2025
Acceptance Date December 27, 2025
Publication Date January 13, 2026
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Demirtakan T. Acil Serviste Batin Tomografisi Yorumlama. Phnx Med J. 2026;7(3):123-4.

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