Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Evaluation of Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 16 - 24, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.38175/phnx.625403

Abstract

Aim: This study was aimed to analyze the characteristics outcomes and the length of stay in the emergency department by evaluating patients admitted to the emergency department and diagnosed with ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attack.
Material and Method: Patients diagnosed with cerebrovascular infarction and transient ischemic attack, who were admitted to the emergency department between 01.01.2015 and 31.12.2015, were evaluated in this study. Patients diagnosed with acute ischemic strokes or transient ischemic attack, who were aged 18 years and over, and who accepted being in the study were evaluated prospectively. In our study, patients' demographic characteristics, vital signs, characteristics associated with ischemic stroke, laboratory examination and test results, performed treatments, length of stay in the emergency department, and outcomes were evaluated.
Results: A total of 122 patients were included in this study. Fifty-two of them were female, 70 of them were male. The mean age of all patients was 66.25±13.51 years. When the patients were questioned about the onset of their complaints, 56 patients were admitted to the hospital in 3-6 hours, followed by 31 patients who were admitted after 24 hours. When chronic illness history was questioned, the most common one was hypertension (63%), followed by diabetes (49%). In our study, 40 patients (32.8%) were identified as smokers, 82 patients (67.2%) as non-smokers. There were 45 patients (36.9%) with atrial fibrillation. The incidence of left middle cerebral artery infarction was more frequent in females than males (p <0,05). Response time to an emergency consultation from neurologists was 68.91 ± 68.90 minutes on average. The average length of stay of patients in the emergency department were 2.55±2.07 days. The most frequent period for diseases was January (22%), followed by February (13.1%).
Conclusion: Male sex, advanced age, and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes are risk factors for ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks. In women, ischemic infarction is more common in the left middle cerebral artery irrigation area. Diseases are mostly seen during wintertime. Unfortunately, patients are admitted to the emergency department late. Informative public studies are needed on this subject. The waiting time of the patients in the emergency department is over 24 hours, and the consultations are not responding fast enough. It is necessary to solve the problem of free bed absence in the clinical departments.

References

  • 1. Ropper AH, Brown RH. Serebrovasküler hastalıklar. Çoban O, Bebek N [Çeviri editörleri]. 8. baskı, Ankara: Güneş Kitapevi; 2006.
  • 2. Kumral E, Balkır K. İnme epidemiyolojisi. In: Balkan S, editör. Serebrovasküler hastalıklar. 1. baskı, Ankara: Güneş Kitapevi; 2002: 38-40.
  • 3. Sacco PL. Vascular diseases. In: Merrit, Rowland LP, editors. Merrit’s neurology. 10th ed. Hagerstown: Williams&Wilkins; 2000: 177-85.
  • 4. Lewandowski C, Barsan W. Treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Ann Emerg Med 2001;37:202-16.
  • 5. Çoban O. Beyin Damar hastalıklarında Tanımlar, Sınıflama, Epidemiyoloji ve Risk Faktörleri: Oge AE, Baykan B (editörler). Noroloji. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2015: 235-238.
  • 6. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ: Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006;367:1747- 1757.
  • 7. Onat A. Keleş İ, Çetinkaya A, ve ark. On Yıllık Tekharf Çalışması Verilerine Göre Türk Erişkinlerinde Koroner Kökenli Ölüm ve Olayların Prevalansı Yüksek. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş. 2001; 29:8-19.
  • 8. Katan M, Luft A. Global Burden of Stroke. Semin Neurol 2018;38:208–211.
  • 9. Know the Facts, Get the Stats: Our Guide to Heart Disease, Stroke, and Risks. Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association; 2002. Publication No. 55-0576 2002-04.
  • 10. American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2006 Update. Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association.
  • 11. Benjamin et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: Summary. Circulation. 2019;139:e56–e528.
  • 12. National İnstitute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National İnstitue of Health. NINDS: Stroke Proceedings: Executive Summary. Proceedings of a National Symposium on Rapid Rapid İdentification and Treatment of Acute Stroke Bethesda, MD; 2011.
  • 13. From RE, Jr., Gibbs LR, McCallum WG, et al. Critical care in the emergency department: a time-based study. Crit Care Med 1993;21:970-976.
  • 14. Nelson M, Waldrop RD, Jones J, et al. Critical care provided in an urban emergency department. Am J of Emerg Med 1998;16: 56-59.
  • 15. United States General Accounting Office. Hospital emergency departments. Crowded conditions vary among hospitals and communities.; 2003.
  • 16. Kıyan S, Özsaraç M, Ersel M, et al. Acil Servise Başvuran Akut İskemik İnmeli 124 Hastanın Geriye Yönelik Bir Yıllık İncelenmesi. JAEM 2009: 8:3.
  • 17. Aksoy D, İnanır A, Ayan M, et al. Akut İskemik İnmede Mortalite Ve Morbidite Belirtecleri, Nöropsikiyatri Arflivi 2013; 50: 40-44.
  • 18. Hakbilir O, Çete Y, Göksu E, Akyol C, Kılıçaslan İ. İnme Popülasyonun Demografik Özellikleri ve G e ç Acil Servis Başvurularının Yeni Tedavi Yaklaşımları Üzerine Etkisi. Turk J Emerg Med 2006;6(3):132- 138.
  • 19. Gül M, Cander B, Girişgin S, et al. Akut İskemik İnme ile Akut Faz Reaktanları Arasındaki İlişki, JAEM 2011: 161-4.
  • 20. Oruç S, Demirbaş H, Yaman M ve ark. Akut İskemik İnmeli Olgularda Kocatepe Üniversitesi Nöroloji Kliniği’nin İntravenöz Trombolitik Tedavi Deneyimleri. Türk Beyin Damar Hastalıkları Derg 2015; 21 (3): 189-193.
  • 21. Özer İŞ, Sorgun MH, Rzayev S, et al. Genç İskemik İnme Hastalarında İnme Etiyolojisi, Risk Faktörleri ve Hastaların İzlemdeki Fonksiyonel Durumları, Turk J Neurol 2015;21:159-64.
  • 22. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016; 133:e38.
  • 23. Deveci Ş, Çelebi A, Aşkın S, et al. Akut İskemik İnme İle Ortalama Trombosit Hacmi İlişkisi, Ege Tıp Dergisi; 2014;53(1):1-6.
  • 24. Karaman E, Turtay MG, Colak C, et al. The risk factors and their effects in ischemic stroke. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent 2015;22:225-30.
  • 25. Kleindorfer D, Panagos P, Pancioli A, et all. Incidence and short term prognosis of transient ischemic attack in a population –based study. Stroke. 2005;36(4):720-723.
  • 26. Persky RW, Turtzo LC, McCullough LD. Stroke in women: disparities and outcomes. Curr Cardiol Rep 2010; 12:6.
  • 27. Bushnell C, McCullough LD, Awad IA, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45:1545.
  • 28. Gargano JW, Wehner S, Reeves MJ. Presenting Symptoms and Onset-to-Arrival Time in Patients With Acute Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack, Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2011;20: 494-502.
  • 29. Ferro JM, Melo TP, Oliveira V, Crespo M, Canhão P, Pinto AN: An analysis of the admission delay of acute stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994;4:72-75.
  • 30. Keskin O, Kalemoglu M, Ulusoy RE: A clinic investigation into prehospital and emergency department delays in acute stroke care. Med Princ Pract 2005;14:408-412.
  • 31. Ringleb PA, Bousser MG, Ford G, et all. Guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2008. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;25(5):457- 507.
  • 32. Wester P, Radberg J, Lundgren B, Peltonen M. Factors associated with delayed admission to hospital and inhospital delays in acute stroke and TIA: a prospective, multicenter study.Seek-Medical-Attention-in-Time Study Group. Stroke 1999;30:40–8.
  • 33. Kerber KA, Brown DL, Lisabeth LD, et all. Stroke among patients with dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance in the emergency department: a populationbased study. Stroke 2006;37(10): 2484 -2487.
  • 34. Li C, Engström G, Hedblad B, et al. Risk factors for stroke in subjects with normal blood pressure: a prospective cohort study. Stroke 2005; 36:234.

Acil Servise Başvuran İskemik İnme ve Geçici İskemik Atak Hastalarının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 16 - 24, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.38175/phnx.625403

Abstract

Amaç: Acil servise başvuran iskemik inme ve geçici iskemik atak hastalarını değerlendirerek, demografik özelliklerini araştırmayı ve acil serviste kalma sürelerini belirlemeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Acil Servise 01.01.2015 ile 31.12.2015 tarihleri arasında başvuran iskemik inme ve geçici iskemik atak hastaları değerlendirilerek yapılmıştır. Çalışmayı kabul eden, 18 yaş ve üzerinde, iskemik serebrovasküler olay ve geçici iskemik atak tanısı alan hastalar prospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, vital bulguları, iskemik inme ile ilgili özellikler, yapılan tetkikler ve tetkik sonuçları, yapılan tedaviler, acil serviste yatış süreleri ve sonlanım durumları değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 122 hasta dâhil edilmiştir. Hastaların 52 tanesi kadın, 70 tanesi erkek cinsiyettedir. Tüm hastaların yaş ortalamaları 66,25±13,51 yıldır. Hastaların acil servise şikâyetlerinin başlanmasından en sık 3-6 saat ve ikinci sıklıkta 24 saatten sonra başvurmuşlardır. En sık eşlik eden kronik hastalıklar hipertansiyon (%63) ve takiben de diyabettir (%49). Çalışmamızdaki hastaların %32,8’sinin sigara kullandığı, %67,2’ sinin sigara kullanmadığı saptanmıştır. Hastaların 45’inde (%36,9) atriyal fibrilasyon vardır. Sol orta serebral arter infarktının kadınlarda erkeklere göre daha sık görülmesi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Nörologların acil konsültasyonuna cevap verme süreleri ortalama 68,91±68,90 dakikadır. Hastaların acil serviste ortalama kalış süresi 2,55±2,07 gündür. Hastalıkların en yoğun olarak görüldüğü dönem Ocak (%22) ve Şubat (%13,1) aylarıdır.
Sonuç: Erkek cinsiyet, ileri yaş ve hipertansiyon, diyabet gibi eşlik eden hastalıklar iskemik inme ve geçici iskemik atak geçirme açısından risk oluşturmaktadır. Kadınlarda sol orta serebral arter sulama alanında iskemik infarkt daha fazla görülmektedir. Hastalıklar daha çok kış aylarında görülmektedir. Hastalar acil servise geç başvurmaktadır. Bu konuda toplumu bilgilendirici çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Hastaların acil serviste bekleme süreleri 24 saatin üzerindedir ve konsültasyonlara yeteri kadar hızlı cevap verilmemektedir. Servislerde yatak açılamama sorununun çözümü gerekmektedir.

References

  • 1. Ropper AH, Brown RH. Serebrovasküler hastalıklar. Çoban O, Bebek N [Çeviri editörleri]. 8. baskı, Ankara: Güneş Kitapevi; 2006.
  • 2. Kumral E, Balkır K. İnme epidemiyolojisi. In: Balkan S, editör. Serebrovasküler hastalıklar. 1. baskı, Ankara: Güneş Kitapevi; 2002: 38-40.
  • 3. Sacco PL. Vascular diseases. In: Merrit, Rowland LP, editors. Merrit’s neurology. 10th ed. Hagerstown: Williams&Wilkins; 2000: 177-85.
  • 4. Lewandowski C, Barsan W. Treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Ann Emerg Med 2001;37:202-16.
  • 5. Çoban O. Beyin Damar hastalıklarında Tanımlar, Sınıflama, Epidemiyoloji ve Risk Faktörleri: Oge AE, Baykan B (editörler). Noroloji. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2015: 235-238.
  • 6. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ: Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006;367:1747- 1757.
  • 7. Onat A. Keleş İ, Çetinkaya A, ve ark. On Yıllık Tekharf Çalışması Verilerine Göre Türk Erişkinlerinde Koroner Kökenli Ölüm ve Olayların Prevalansı Yüksek. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş. 2001; 29:8-19.
  • 8. Katan M, Luft A. Global Burden of Stroke. Semin Neurol 2018;38:208–211.
  • 9. Know the Facts, Get the Stats: Our Guide to Heart Disease, Stroke, and Risks. Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association; 2002. Publication No. 55-0576 2002-04.
  • 10. American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2006 Update. Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association.
  • 11. Benjamin et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: Summary. Circulation. 2019;139:e56–e528.
  • 12. National İnstitute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National İnstitue of Health. NINDS: Stroke Proceedings: Executive Summary. Proceedings of a National Symposium on Rapid Rapid İdentification and Treatment of Acute Stroke Bethesda, MD; 2011.
  • 13. From RE, Jr., Gibbs LR, McCallum WG, et al. Critical care in the emergency department: a time-based study. Crit Care Med 1993;21:970-976.
  • 14. Nelson M, Waldrop RD, Jones J, et al. Critical care provided in an urban emergency department. Am J of Emerg Med 1998;16: 56-59.
  • 15. United States General Accounting Office. Hospital emergency departments. Crowded conditions vary among hospitals and communities.; 2003.
  • 16. Kıyan S, Özsaraç M, Ersel M, et al. Acil Servise Başvuran Akut İskemik İnmeli 124 Hastanın Geriye Yönelik Bir Yıllık İncelenmesi. JAEM 2009: 8:3.
  • 17. Aksoy D, İnanır A, Ayan M, et al. Akut İskemik İnmede Mortalite Ve Morbidite Belirtecleri, Nöropsikiyatri Arflivi 2013; 50: 40-44.
  • 18. Hakbilir O, Çete Y, Göksu E, Akyol C, Kılıçaslan İ. İnme Popülasyonun Demografik Özellikleri ve G e ç Acil Servis Başvurularının Yeni Tedavi Yaklaşımları Üzerine Etkisi. Turk J Emerg Med 2006;6(3):132- 138.
  • 19. Gül M, Cander B, Girişgin S, et al. Akut İskemik İnme ile Akut Faz Reaktanları Arasındaki İlişki, JAEM 2011: 161-4.
  • 20. Oruç S, Demirbaş H, Yaman M ve ark. Akut İskemik İnmeli Olgularda Kocatepe Üniversitesi Nöroloji Kliniği’nin İntravenöz Trombolitik Tedavi Deneyimleri. Türk Beyin Damar Hastalıkları Derg 2015; 21 (3): 189-193.
  • 21. Özer İŞ, Sorgun MH, Rzayev S, et al. Genç İskemik İnme Hastalarında İnme Etiyolojisi, Risk Faktörleri ve Hastaların İzlemdeki Fonksiyonel Durumları, Turk J Neurol 2015;21:159-64.
  • 22. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016; 133:e38.
  • 23. Deveci Ş, Çelebi A, Aşkın S, et al. Akut İskemik İnme İle Ortalama Trombosit Hacmi İlişkisi, Ege Tıp Dergisi; 2014;53(1):1-6.
  • 24. Karaman E, Turtay MG, Colak C, et al. The risk factors and their effects in ischemic stroke. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent 2015;22:225-30.
  • 25. Kleindorfer D, Panagos P, Pancioli A, et all. Incidence and short term prognosis of transient ischemic attack in a population –based study. Stroke. 2005;36(4):720-723.
  • 26. Persky RW, Turtzo LC, McCullough LD. Stroke in women: disparities and outcomes. Curr Cardiol Rep 2010; 12:6.
  • 27. Bushnell C, McCullough LD, Awad IA, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45:1545.
  • 28. Gargano JW, Wehner S, Reeves MJ. Presenting Symptoms and Onset-to-Arrival Time in Patients With Acute Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack, Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2011;20: 494-502.
  • 29. Ferro JM, Melo TP, Oliveira V, Crespo M, Canhão P, Pinto AN: An analysis of the admission delay of acute stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994;4:72-75.
  • 30. Keskin O, Kalemoglu M, Ulusoy RE: A clinic investigation into prehospital and emergency department delays in acute stroke care. Med Princ Pract 2005;14:408-412.
  • 31. Ringleb PA, Bousser MG, Ford G, et all. Guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2008. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;25(5):457- 507.
  • 32. Wester P, Radberg J, Lundgren B, Peltonen M. Factors associated with delayed admission to hospital and inhospital delays in acute stroke and TIA: a prospective, multicenter study.Seek-Medical-Attention-in-Time Study Group. Stroke 1999;30:40–8.
  • 33. Kerber KA, Brown DL, Lisabeth LD, et all. Stroke among patients with dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance in the emergency department: a populationbased study. Stroke 2006;37(10): 2484 -2487.
  • 34. Li C, Engström G, Hedblad B, et al. Risk factors for stroke in subjects with normal blood pressure: a prospective cohort study. Stroke 2005; 36:234.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Emergency Medicine
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Serpil Soyudoğru

Yonca Senem Akdeniz

Afşın İpekci

İbrahim İkizceli

Publication Date March 1, 2020
Submission Date September 26, 2019
Acceptance Date October 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Soyudoğru S, Akdeniz YS, İpekci A, İkizceli İ. Acil Servise Başvuran İskemik İnme ve Geçici İskemik Atak Hastalarının Değerlendirilmesi. Phnx Med J. 2020;2(1):16-24.

2392_ccby-295.jpg
Phoenix Medical Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


2392_boai-189.jpg

Phoenix Medical Journal has signed the Budapest Open Access Declaration.