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Bir İntravenöz İntihar Olgusu: Sodyum Hipoklorit & Benzalkonyum Klorür

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 108 - 111, 01.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.38175/phnx.727133

Abstract

Sodyum hipoklorit güçlü oksitleyici, ağartıcı, benzalkonyum klorür ise biyosit özellikli olan temizlik ve sterilizasyon amaçlı hem sağlık kuruluşlarında hem de evlerde sık kullanılan ajanlardır. Venöz sisteme sodyum hipoklorit enjeksiyonu daha önce birçok kez raporlanmış olsa da, bildiğimiz kadarı ile, intihar yöntemi olarak sodyum hipoklorit ve benzalkonyum klorür karışımının kendi kendine uygulanması hiç bildirilmemiştir. Olgumuz spor ve güzellik merkezi işleten bir sağlık uzmanı idi. Hastanın kendi hazırladığını söylediği toplam derişimden (400 ml sodyum hipoklorit, 400 ml benzalkonyum klorür ve 1000 ml izotonik sıvı) alım miktarı belirsizdi, ancak yetişkinlerinde > 150-200 mL hipokloritin sistemik zehirlenme için yeterli olduğu bilinmektedir. İnsan doku ve organları üzerinde kimyasalların çapraz etkileri öngörülemezken, olgumuz kalıcı böbrek hasarı dışında sistemik tüm bulguları iyileşerek taburcu olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, nadir bir intihar amaçlı zehirlenme olayı ile klinik sekelini sunmaktır.

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References

  • 1. Clayton GD, Clayton FE: Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology. Vol. 2A. Toxicology: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Baffins Lane, Chichester, Sussex PO19 1DU; 1981.
  • 2. Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ: The clinical toxicology of sodium hypochlorite. Clinical toxicology 2019, 57(5):303-311.
  • 3. Kleier DJ, Averbach RE, Mehdipour O: The sodium hypochlorite accident: experience of diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. Journal of Endodontics 2008, 34(11):1346-1350.
  • 4. Serper A, Özbek M, Çalt S: Accidental sodium hypochlorite-induced skin injury during endodontic treatment. Journal of endodontics 2004, 30(3):180-181.
  • 5. Sabala CL, Powell SE: Sodium hypochlorite injection into periapical tissues. Journal of Endodontics 1989, 15(10):490-492.
  • 6. Küçük E, Günel C: Demographic characteristics of forensic investigation in emergency service. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi 2016, 6:100-105.
  • 7. Froner GA, Rutherford GW, Rokeach M: Injection of sodium hypochlorite by intravenous drug users. JAMA 1987, 258(3):325-325.
  • 8. Morgan DL: Intravenous injection of household bleach. Annals of emergency medicine 1992, 21(11):1394-1395.
  • 9. Akkan AG: Toksikolojik Sendromlar (Toksidromlar) ve İlaç Zehirlenmeleri-I. İÜ Cerrahpafla Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri Sempozyum dizisi 2002, 32:21-53.
  • 10. Gasset AR: Benzalkonium chloride toxicity to the human cornea. American journal of ophthalmology 1977, 84(2):169-171.
  • 11. São José JFB, Vanetti MCD: Effect of ultrasound and commercial sanitizers in removing natural contaminants and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium on cherry tomatoes. Food Control 2012, 24(1-2):95-99.
  • 12. ARSLAN İ, BAYGIN Ö: Çocuk diş hekimliğinde kullanılan kavite dezenfeksiyon yöntemleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1):124-132.
  • 13. Signorelli JW, Osbun JW, Arias EJ, Reynolds LC, Chyatte D, Reynolds MR: Self-injection of household cleaning detergents into a ventriculoperitoneal shunt reservoir during a suicide attempt: a case report and literature review. Acta neurochirurgica 2016, 158(9):1655-1660.
  • 14. Hoy RH: Accidental systemic exposure to sodium hypochlorite (Clorox) during hemodialysis. American journal of hospital pharmacy 1981, 38(10):1512-1514.
  • 15. Yılmaz HL: Çocukluk döneminde zehirlenme olgularına genel yaklaşım. In: Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Acil Tıp Birimi. http://cat.cu.edu.tr/Egitim/%C7OCUKLUK%20D%D6NEM%DDNDE%20ZEH%DDRLENME%20OLGULARINA%20GENEL%20YAKLA%DEIM-Kita.pdf.
  • 16. Şahinkaya HH, Tekgül ZT, Özkalkanlı MY, Horsanalı B, Yeniay O: İntihar amaçlı çoklu ilaç kullanımı. Tepecik Eğit Hast Derg 2014, 3:173-176.

A Case of Intravenous Suicide: Sodium Hypochlorite & Benzalkonium Chloride

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 108 - 111, 01.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.38175/phnx.727133

Abstract

Sodium hypochlorite as a strong oxidant- bleaching agent and benzalkonium chloride as a biocide is frequently used agents for cleaning and sterilization purposes, both in health care units and at home. Despite the injection of sodium hypochlorite into the venous system has been described many times before, to our knowledge self-administration of a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium chloride has not been reported by a way of suicide. Our patient was a health Professional who was running a sport and beauty center. The amount of total concentration intake that patient said prepared by himself (400 ml of sodium hypochlorite, 400 ml of benzalkonium chloride, and 1000 ml of isotonic liquid ) was unknown but it was known that >150–200 mL of hypochlorite in adults is enough for systemic poisoning. The cross effects of chemicals on human tissues and organs are unpredictable, our patient was discharged by recovering all systemic damages except permanent kidney damage. This study aims to present a rare suicide poisoning event and adverse clinical sequelae.

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Thanks

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References

  • 1. Clayton GD, Clayton FE: Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology. Vol. 2A. Toxicology: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Baffins Lane, Chichester, Sussex PO19 1DU; 1981.
  • 2. Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ: The clinical toxicology of sodium hypochlorite. Clinical toxicology 2019, 57(5):303-311.
  • 3. Kleier DJ, Averbach RE, Mehdipour O: The sodium hypochlorite accident: experience of diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. Journal of Endodontics 2008, 34(11):1346-1350.
  • 4. Serper A, Özbek M, Çalt S: Accidental sodium hypochlorite-induced skin injury during endodontic treatment. Journal of endodontics 2004, 30(3):180-181.
  • 5. Sabala CL, Powell SE: Sodium hypochlorite injection into periapical tissues. Journal of Endodontics 1989, 15(10):490-492.
  • 6. Küçük E, Günel C: Demographic characteristics of forensic investigation in emergency service. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi 2016, 6:100-105.
  • 7. Froner GA, Rutherford GW, Rokeach M: Injection of sodium hypochlorite by intravenous drug users. JAMA 1987, 258(3):325-325.
  • 8. Morgan DL: Intravenous injection of household bleach. Annals of emergency medicine 1992, 21(11):1394-1395.
  • 9. Akkan AG: Toksikolojik Sendromlar (Toksidromlar) ve İlaç Zehirlenmeleri-I. İÜ Cerrahpafla Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri Sempozyum dizisi 2002, 32:21-53.
  • 10. Gasset AR: Benzalkonium chloride toxicity to the human cornea. American journal of ophthalmology 1977, 84(2):169-171.
  • 11. São José JFB, Vanetti MCD: Effect of ultrasound and commercial sanitizers in removing natural contaminants and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium on cherry tomatoes. Food Control 2012, 24(1-2):95-99.
  • 12. ARSLAN İ, BAYGIN Ö: Çocuk diş hekimliğinde kullanılan kavite dezenfeksiyon yöntemleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1):124-132.
  • 13. Signorelli JW, Osbun JW, Arias EJ, Reynolds LC, Chyatte D, Reynolds MR: Self-injection of household cleaning detergents into a ventriculoperitoneal shunt reservoir during a suicide attempt: a case report and literature review. Acta neurochirurgica 2016, 158(9):1655-1660.
  • 14. Hoy RH: Accidental systemic exposure to sodium hypochlorite (Clorox) during hemodialysis. American journal of hospital pharmacy 1981, 38(10):1512-1514.
  • 15. Yılmaz HL: Çocukluk döneminde zehirlenme olgularına genel yaklaşım. In: Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Acil Tıp Birimi. http://cat.cu.edu.tr/Egitim/%C7OCUKLUK%20D%D6NEM%DDNDE%20ZEH%DDRLENME%20OLGULARINA%20GENEL%20YAKLA%DEIM-Kita.pdf.
  • 16. Şahinkaya HH, Tekgül ZT, Özkalkanlı MY, Horsanalı B, Yeniay O: İntihar amaçlı çoklu ilaç kullanımı. Tepecik Eğit Hast Derg 2014, 3:173-176.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Emergency Medicine
Journal Section Case Reports
Authors

Serpil Soyudoğru 0000-0002-5140-2099

Melike Mercan Başpınar 0000-0003-3183-3438

Okcan Basat 0000-0002-5222-9136

Mustafa Çalık This is me 0000-0002-3184-2943

Project Number ------------
Publication Date July 1, 2020
Submission Date April 26, 2020
Acceptance Date May 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Soyudoğru S, Mercan Başpınar M, Basat O, Çalık M. A Case of Intravenous Suicide: Sodium Hypochlorite & Benzalkonium Chloride. Phnx Med J. 2020;2(2):108-11.

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