Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik ve Arazi Kullanım Kararları: Hürmetçi ve KOSB

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Organize Sanayi Bölgeleri (OSB) için yer seçerken uzun vadeli ekonomik ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin dikkate alınmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ancak, arazi kullanım kararları genellikle ekolojik kaygıları göz ardı ederek hassas alanlar için önemli tehditler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma, Kayseri Organize Sanayi Bölgesi'nin (KOSB) biyolojik çeşitlilik açısından zengin bir ekolojik alan olan yakındaki Hürmetçi Sazlığı Sulak Alanı üzerindeki çevresel etkilerine odaklanmaktadır. Literatür incelemeleri, saha gözlemleri ve PESTLE analizi gibi nitel yöntemler kullanılarak çalışma, KOSB faaliyetlerinin ve potansiyel genişlemelerinin sulak alanın ekolojik sağlığını tehlikeye attığını ortaya koymaktadır. PESTLE çerçevesi, endüstriyel gelişme ile ekolojik istikrar arasındaki etkileşimi etkileyen politik, ekonomik, sosyal, teknolojik, yasal ve çevresel faktörleri belirlemektedir. Bu bulgulara dayanarak, çalışma çeşitli sürdürülebilir yönetim stratejileri önermektedir. Bunlar arasında sıkı çevre düzenlemeleri uygulamak, çevre dostu endüstriyel uygulamaları benimsemek ve hassas alanları korumak için tampon bölgeler oluşturmak yer almaktadır. Çevresel hasarı azaltmak için sulak alan restorasyon projeleri, sürdürülebilir su ve atık yönetim sistemleri ile birlikte önerilmektedir. Zamanla koruma stratejilerini geliştirmek için sürekli izleme ve uyarlanabilir araştırmalar vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca eğitim ve farkındalık girişimleri aracılığıyla yerel topluluk katılımının önemini vurgular. Katılımcı bir yaklaşım yalnızca toplulukların çevreyle bağlarını güçlendirmekle kalmaz, aynı zamanda koruma çabaları için daha geniş bir desteği garanti ederek sürdürülebilir kalkınma için paylaşılan sorumluluğu teşvik eder. Bu önlemler, endüstriyel büyümeyi Hürmetçi Bataklık Sulak Alanı gibi hayati ekolojik alanların korunmasıyla dengelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Ekolojik Kaygılar
• KOSB
• PESTLE
• Sulak Alan

Environmental Sustainability and Land Use Decisions: Hürmetçi and KOIZ

Abstract

This study highlights the importance of considering long-term economic and environmental sustainability in selecting locations for Organized Industrial Zones (OIZs). However, land-use decisions often neglect ecological concerns, posing significant threats to sensitive areas. The research focuses on the environmental impacts of the Kayseri Organized Industrial Zone (KOIZ) on the nearby Hürmetçi Marsh Wetland, a biodiversity-rich ecological site. Using qualitative methods like literature reviews, field observations, and PESTLE analysis, the study reveals that KOIZ activities and potential expansions jeopardize the wetland's ecological health. The PESTLE framework identifies political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors influencing the interaction between industrial development and ecological stability. Based on these findings, the study proposes several sustainable management strategies. These include enforcing strict environmental regulations, adopting eco-friendly industrial practices, and creating buffer zones to protect sensitive areas. Wetland restoration projects, along with sustainable water and waste management systems, are recommended to mitigate environmental damage. Continuous monitoring and adaptive research are emphasized to refine conservation strategies over time. The study also underscores the importance of local community involvement through education and awareness initiatives. A participatory approach not only strengthens community ties to the environment but also ensures broader support for preservation efforts, fostering shared responsibility for sustainable development. These measures aim to balance industrial growth with the preservation of vital ecological areas like the Hürmetçi Marsh Wetland.

Keywords

• Ecological Concerns
• KOIZ
• PESTLE
• Wetland

References

1. Albarakat, R., Lakshmi, V., & Tucker, C. J. (2018). Using Satellite Remote Sensing to Study the Impact of Climate and Anthropogenic Changes in the Mesopotamian Marshlands, Iraq. Remote Sensing, 10(10), 1524. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101524
2. Alikhani, S., Nummi, P., & Ojala, A. (2021). Urban wetlands: A review on ecological and cultural values. In Water (Switzerland) (Vol. 13, Issue 22). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223301
3. Basnukaev, I., Berkaeva, A., & Musostov, Z. (2023). Environmental Problems of Industrial Territories. BIO Web of Conferences, 63, 03001. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236303001
4. Bhowmik, S. (2020). Ecological and Economic Importance of Wetlands and Their Vulnerability. In Current State and Future Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity (pp. 95–112). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1226-5.ch006
5. Chimney, M. J., & Goforth, G. (2001). Environmental impacts to the Everglades ecosystem: a historical perspective and restoration strategies. Water Science and Technology, 44(11–12), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0814
6. Directorate General of GIS. (n.d.). Türkiye National Geographic Information Platform. ATLAS. Retrieved July 1, 2024, from https://basic.atlas.gov.tr/?_appToken=&metadataId=
7. General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks. (2024). Hürmetçi Marsh Wetland Management Plan.
8. General Directorate of Spatial Planning. (n.d.). Yozgat - Sivas - Kayseri Planning Region. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change. Retrieved July 1, 2024, from https://mpgm.csb.gov.tr/yozgat---sivas---kayseri-planlama-bolgesi-i-82196

9. Governorship Republic of Türkiye Kayseri. (n.d.). Geographical Structure. Republic of Türkiye Kayseri Governorship. Retrieved April 16, 2024, from http://www.kayseri.gov.tr/cografi-yapisi
10. Hacılar Municipality. (n.d.). Studies Conducted for Hürmetçi Marshes. Hacılar Municipality. Retrieved April 15, 2024, from https://www.hacilar.bel.tr/proje/hurmetci-sazligi-icin-yurutulen-calismalar/60/
11. Hamandawana, H., Chanda, R., & Eckardt, F. (2007). Natural and human-induced environmental changes in the semi-arid distal reaches of Botswana’s Okavango Delta. Journal of Land Use Science, 2(1), 57–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474230701218855
12. Inyinbor Adejumoke, A., Adebesin Babatunde, Q., Oluyori Abimbola, P., Adelani-Akande Tabitha , A., Dada Adewumi , O., Oreofe Toyin, A. (2018). Water Pollution: Effects, Prevention, and Climatic Impact. In Water Challenges of an Urbanizing World (pp. 33–53). InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72018
13. Jordan, C., Visscher, J., Viet Dung, N., Apel, H., & Schlurmann, T. (2020). Impacts of Human Activity and Global Changes on Future Morphodynamics within the Tien River, Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Water, 12(8), 2204. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082204
14. Kayiranga, A., Chen, X., Ingabire, D., Liu, T., Li, Y., Nzabarinda, V., Ochege, F. U., Hirwa, H., Duulatov, E., & Nthangeni, W. (2024). Anthropogenic activities and the influence of desertification processes on the water cycle and water use in the Aral Sea basin. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 51, 101598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101598
15. Kayseri Organized Industrial Zone Directorate. (2017). Kayseri Organized Industrial Zone 2017-2020 Strategic Plan.
16. Kaźmierczak, A. (2013). The contribution of local parks to neighbourhood social ties. Landscape and Urban Planning, 109(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.05.007
17. Kellner, E. (2003). Wetlands – different types, their properties and functions. SBK.
18. Lázaro-Lobo, A., & Ervin, G. N. (2021). Wetland Invasion: a Multi-Faceted Challenge during a Time of Rapid Global Change. In Wetlands (Vol. 41, Issue 5). Springer Science and Business Media B.V. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01462-1
19. Legislation Information System. (2014). Regulation on the Protection of Wetlands. Legislation Information System. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=19546&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
20. Legislation Information System. (2019). Organized Industrial Zones Location Selection Regulation. System Legislation Information. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=31246&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
21. Mahdian, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Siadatmousavi, S. M., Chalipa, Z., Delavar, M., Guo, M., Abolfathi, S., & Noori, R. (2023). Modelling impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities on inflows and sediment loads of wetlands: case study of the Anzali wetland. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 5399. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32343-8
22. Miettinen, J., & Liew, S. C. (2010). Status of Peatland Degradation and Development in Sumatra and Kalimantan. AMBIO, 39(5–6), 394–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0051-2
23. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. (n.d.). Wetlands. General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks. Retrieved August 2, 2024, from https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/DKMP/Menu/31/Sulak-Alanlar#
24. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. (2017a). Lakes and Wetlands Action Plan.
25. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. (2017b). Revised Management Plan of Hürmetçi Marsh Wetland.
26. Mitsch, W., & Gosselink, J. (2000). Wetlands. John Wiley & Sonn.
27. MoEF. (2022). A rapid environmental assessment of Sudd wetland ecosystem in South Sudan.
28. Muwanga, A., & Barifaijo, E. (2006). Impact of industrial activities on heavy metal loading and their physico-chemical effects on wetlands of lake Victoria basin (Uganda). African Journal of Science and Technology, 7(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajst.v7i1.55197
29. Nager, R. G., Hafner, H., Johnson, A. R., & Cézilly, F. (2010). Environmental Impacts on Wetland Birds: Long-Term Monitoring Programmes in the Camargue, France. Ardea, 98(3), 309–318. https://doi.org/10.5253/078.098.0305
30. Nyamweya, C. S., Natugonza, V., Taabu-Munyaho, A., Aura, C. M., Njiru, J. M., Ongore, C., Mangeni-Sande, R., Kashindye, B. B., Odoli, C. O., Ogari, Z., & Kayanda, R. (2020). A century of drastic change: Human-induced changes of Lake Victoria fisheries and ecology. Fisheries Research, 230, 105564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105564
31. Özden, E. Ö. (2016). Restructuring the Organised Industrial Zones as the Instruments for Development. MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 11(1), 106–124. https://doi.org/10.5505/megaron.2016.29200
32. Patnaik, R. (2018). Impact of Industrialization on Environment and Sustainable Solutions – Reflections from a South Indian Region. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 120, 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/120/1/012016
33. Pegg, J., South, J., Hill, J. E., Durland-Donahou, A., & Weyl, O. L. F. (2022). Impacts of alien invasive species on large wetlands. In Fundamentals of Tropical Freshwater Wetlands (pp. 487–516). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822362-8.00018-9
34. Rahman, M. M., Chongling, Y., Islam, K. S., & Haoliang, L. (2009). A brief review on pollution and ecotoxicologic effects on Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem in Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1(4), 369–383. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEE.2009.027982
35. Ramsar. (n.d.). The Convention on Wetlands. Ramsar. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.ramsar.org/
36. Reddy, K. R., DeLaune, R. D., & Inglett, P. W. (2022). Biogeochemistry of Wetlands. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429155833
37. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment Urbanization and Climate Change. (2023). Kayseri İncesu and Hacılar Hürmetçi Marshes Proposal Natural Protected Area Registration Announcement. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change Urbanization and Climate Change. https://tvk.csb.gov.tr/kayseri-incesu-ve-hacilar-hurmetci-sazligi-oneri-dogal-sit-alani-tescil-ilani-duyuru-439655
38. Saadi, S., Saadi, S., Karimzadeh, H., & Rahimi, A. (2023). Complexity and the Ecological Impacts of Tourism on Wetlands Ecosystem and Rural Sustainability: A Case Study of Zrebar Wetlands. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 18(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2023.22.38
39. Sacirovic, S., Ketin, S., & Vignjevic, N. (2019). Eco-industrial zones in the context of sustainability development of urban areas. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(24), 24346–24356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1390-y
40. Salimi, S., Almuktar, S. A. A. A. N., & Scholz, M. (2021). Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands. Journal of Environmental Management, 286, 112160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112160
41. Sarwat Jahan, & Singh, A. (2023). Causes and Impact of Industrial Effluents on Receiving Water Bodies: A Review. Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 3(2), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v3i2.144
42. Schulz, C., Whitney, B. S., Rossetto, O. C., Neves, D. M., Crabb, L., de Oliveira, E. C., Terra Lima, P. L., Afzal, M., Laing, A. F., de Souza Fernandes, L. C., da Silva, C. A., Steinke, V. A., Torres Steinke, E., & Saito, C. H. (2019). Physical, ecological and human dimensions of environmental change in Brazil’s Pantanal wetland: Synthesis and research agenda. Science of The Total Environment, 687, 1011–1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.023
43. Singare, P. U., & Dhabarde, S. S. (2013). Studies on Pollution Discharge Scenario of Effluents Released from Fine Chemicals Manufacturing Industries along Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 22, 56–63. https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILCPA.22.56
44. Sutton-Grier, A. E., & Sandifer, P. A. (2019). Conservation of Wetlands and Other Coastal Ecosystems: a Commentary on their Value to Protect Biodiversity, Reduce Disaster Impacts, and Promote Human Health and Well-Being. Wetlands, 39(6), 1295–1302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1039-0
45. The Center For Neighborhood Technology. (2016). Chicago’s Central Manufacturing District: The Past and Future of Urban Manufacturing.
46. Turkish State Meteorological Service. (2023). Official Statistics. Turkish State Meteorological Service. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H
47. Vasileva, I., Morozova, N., & Yusupov, I. (2020, February 11). The Role of Modern Industrial Complexes in Ensuring Ecological and Economic Sustainability of Territories. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.075
48. Xiong, Y., Mo, S., Wu, H., Qu, X., Liu, Y., & Zhou, L. (2023). Influence of human activities and climate change on wetland landscape pattern—A review. Science of The Total Environment, 879, 163112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163112
49. Yılmaz, Ş. (2018). Evaluation Of Heavy Metal Pollution of Hürmetçi Marsh (Kayseri) Protected Area. Erciyes University, Graduate School of Natural andAppliedSciences.
50. Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Zhao, W., Li, J., Xie, S., Zhang, C., He, X., Yan, D., & Wang, M. (2023). Impact of Hydrological Changes on Wetland Landscape Dynamics and Implications for Ecohydrological Restoration in Honghe National Nature Reserve, Northeast China. Water, 15(19), 3350. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193350