Afet Sonrası Geçici Barınma Kalite Kriterlerinin Sürdürülebilirlik Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Afetler, türsel farklılıklar gösterse de küresel ölçekte benzer sosyo-ekonomik ve fiziksel zorluklar yaratmaktadır. Bu zorlukların başında, afetzedelerin temel ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması sürecinde en kritik konulardan biri olan barınma gelmektedir. Afet sonrası geçici barınma çözümleri; afetin türü, etkilenen nüfusun demografik yapısı, kullanıcıların özel ihtiyaçları, mevcut kaynaklar ve karar verici aktörlerin öncelikleri doğrultusunda çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Bu çeşitlilik, geçici barınma birimlerinin kalitesinin değerlendirilmesine ilişkin standart bir veri altyapısının oluşturulmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Paydaşların karar alma süreçlerinde başvurabilecekleri güvenilir ve karşılaştırılabilir veri havuzlarının yetersizliği, afet sonrası barınma planlamalarında sürdürülebilirlik temelli bir yaklaşımın benimsenmesini sınırlamakta ve uygulamaya geçiş süreçlerinde çeşitli problemler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, söz konusu sorunsalı temel alarak, geçici barınma birimlerinin kalite kriterlerini sürdürülebilirlik ekseninde yeniden değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, son on yıl içerisinde yayımlanmış afet sonrası geçici barınmaya ilişkin akademik yayınlar incelenmiş ve elde edilen bulgular meta-analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz, kalite kriterlerini çevresel, sosyal, ekonomik ve teknik sürdürülebilirlik boyutları altında gruplandırarak kapsamlı bir kriter havuzu oluşturmuştur. Ayrıca, bu kriterler arasındaki ilişkiler değerlendirilmiş ve kalite analizine temel oluşturabilecek yapısal bir çerçeve önerilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde, gelecekte yürütülecek çalışmalarda kullanılmak üzere geçici barınma birimlerinin kalite değerlendirmesine yönelik sayısallaştırma ve matematiksel model önerilerine yer verilmiştir. Çalışma, afet sonrası barınma çözümlerinin kalite analizine yönelik sürdürülebilirlik ekseninde öneriler sunmakta olup, bu alandaki araştırmalar için başlangıç niteliğinde bir rehber olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet sonrası geçici barınma
• Kalite değerlendirmesi
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Meta-analiz

Evaluation of Post-Disaster Temporary Shelter Quality Criteria in the Context of Sustainability

Abstract

Disasters, regardless of their type, create similar socio-economic and physical challenges on a global scale. Among these, the provision of shelter stands out as one of the most critical components in meeting the basic needs of affected populations. Post-disaster temporary shelter solutions vary depending on the type of disaster, the demographic structure of the affected population, specific user needs, available resources, and the priorities of decision-makers. This diversity complicates the development of a standardized framework for assessing the quality of temporary shelter units. The absence of reliable and comparable data sets that stakeholders can refer to during decision-making processes limits the adoption of sustainability-based approaches in shelter planning and creates various challenges during implementation. This study aims to reassess the quality criteria of temporary shelter units from a sustainability perspective. For this purpose, academic publications on post-disaster temporary sheltering published over the last decade were systematically reviewed, and the findings were analyzed using a meta-analysis method. The identified quality criteria were categorized under four dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social, economic, and technical. Based on these categories, a comprehensive pool of criteria was developed, and the interrelations among them were examined to propose a structural framework for quality assessment. The study concludes with recommendations for quantification methods and mathematical models that can guide future evaluations of temporary shelter units. By providing sustainability-oriented insights into the quality analysis of post-disaster shelter solutions, this research serves as a preliminary guide for future studies in the field.

Keywords

• Post-disaster temporary shelter
• Quality assessment
• Sustainability
• Meta-analysis

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