Adaptation of Urban Areas: Climate Shelters and the Case of Europe

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 171 - 180, 01.09.2023

Selda Kabuloğlu Karaosman Zeliha Banu Yavuz Pelvan Esen Gökçe Özdamar

Abstract

Today, adverse climate effects in densely constructed urban areas make public space and infrastructure
systems insufficient to meet the comfort conditions of the city residents. The Urban
Innovative Actions Initiative, an initiative of the European Union that produces solutions to the
environmental and social problems that arise in urban areas in Europe, carries out various practices
in various regions of Europe to adapt different areas determined at the urban scale to climate
change. One of the alternative solutions supported by the Urban Innovative Actions for
climate change is climate shelters. Climate shelters are defined as adaptable spaces that help
urban users protect themselves from the effects of heat waves, cold weather, or excessive precipitation
and are sensitive to climate change through blue, green, and gray infrastructure interventions.
These pilot projects, which have been realized, appear as integrated approaches that
meet the physical and social needs of urban residents with ecological and sustainable materials
and multiple participatory groups. The aim of this study is to analyze the examples of the Climate
Shelter project, which was piloted in existing school areas in the cities of Barcelona and Paris
between 2018 and 2021, through their development processes. It is seen that the climate shelter
examples in Barcelona and Paris play an important role in reducing the negative environmental
effects of climate changes. The dissemination of these projects will further increase the positive
effects of urban spaces and open spaces on the climate.

Keywords

Adaptation of Urban Areas: Climate Shelters and the Case of Europe

Kentsel Alanların Adaptasyonu: İklim Sığınakları ve Avrupa Örneği

Abstract

Günümüzde yoğun olarak yapılaşmış kentlerde olumsuz iklim etkileri kamusal alan ve altyapı sistemlerini
ve kent sakinlerinin konfor koşullarını karşılamada yetersiz bırakmaktadır. Avrupa’daki
kentsel alanlarda beliren çevresel ve sosyal sorunlara çözüm üreten Avrupa Birliği’nin bir inisiyatifi
olan Kentsel Yenilikçi Eylemler Girişimi (Urban Innovative Actions-UIA), Avrupa’nın çeşitli
bölgelerinde kent ölçeğinde belirlenmiş farklı alanları iklim değişikliğine uyarlamak için çeşitli
uygulamalar yapmaktadır. İklim sığınakları UIA’nın iklim değişikliğine yönelik desteklediği alternatif
çözümlerinden birisidir. İklim sığınakları, ısı dalgası, soğuk hava ya da fazla yağış etkilerinden
kent kullanıcılarının kendilerini korumasına yardımcı olan ve mavi, yeşil ve gri altyapı müdahaleleri
yoluyla iklim değişikliğine duyarlı, adapte edilebilir mekan tasarımları olarak tanımlanmaktadır.
Gerçekleştirilen bu pilot projeler, ekolojik ve sürdürülebilir malzemelerle, çoklu katılımcı gruplarla
kentliler için fiziksel ve sosyal açıdan çeşitli ihtiyaçların karşılandığı entegre yaklaşımlardır. Bu
çalışmanın amacı, 2018–2021 yılları arasında Barselona ve Paris kentlerinde mevcut okul alanlarında
pilot uygulaması yapılmış İklim Sığınakları projesi örneklerini gelişim süreçleri üzerinden
analiz etmektir. Barselona ve Paris’teki iklim sığınağı örneklerinin, iklim değişikliklerinin olumsuz
çevre etkilerinin azaltılmasında önemli rol üstlendiği görülmektedir. Bu projelerin yaygınlaştırılması,
özellikle kentsel mekan ve açık alanların iklim üzerinde yarattıkları olumlu etkilerin daha da
arttırılmasını sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

Adapte edilebilir çevre, iklim değişikliği, iklim barınakları, okul bahçeleri, Kentsel Yenilikçi Eylemler

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