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Doğayı Akademik Mekanlara Entegre Etmek: Biyofilik Kampüs

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 210 - 224, 15.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.54864/planarch.1491955

Abstract

Biyofilik tasarım, insanlar ve doğa arasındaki bağlantıları teşvik eden bir mimari yaklaşımdır. Bu yaklaşımın temel amacı, yapılı çevre ile doğa arasında köprü kurarak mekânların kalitesini ve kullanıcıların üretkenliğini artırmaktır. Bu çalışma, biyofilik tasarımın Linde'nin üniversite kampüs yerleşimi sınıflandırmalarına (yaygın, merkezi, moleküler, ızgara, haç biçimli ve doğrusal) göre kategorize edilen kampüslere entegre edilmesini incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi ve İstanbul Üniversitesi'nin ana kampüsleri analiz için örneklem alanlar olarak seçilmiştir. Örneklem alanlarında nitel bir araştırma deseni olan gözleme dayalı William Browning ve arkadaşlarının on dört biyofilik tasarım ilkesine göre değerlendirilmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Değerlendirme sonucunda kampüs binalarının pencere cam yüzey alanları, açık ve yarı açık alanların tasarımı, iç mekânlarda su ve bitki kullanımı ve su öğelerinin tasarıma entegrasyonu konularında eksiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, bu eksikliklerin giderilmesi için üniversitelerin fiziksel çevre planlamalarında biyofilik tasarım ilkelerini uygulamaya öncelik vermelerini önermektedir. Ayrıca, bu tasarım ilkelerinin uygulanmasına yönelik çeşitli öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Bu önerilerin uygulanmasının, bireyler ve doğa arasında daha güçlü bağlar kurulmasını kolaylaştırması ve yapılı çevrelerde daha sürdürülebilir bir ilişkiyi teşvik etmesi beklenmektedir.

References

  • Açıksöz, S., Cengiz, B., Bekçi, B., Cengiz, C., & Gökçe, G. C. (2014). Üniversite Yerleşkelerinde Açık ve Yeşil Alan Sisteminin Planlanması ve Yönetimi: Bartın Üniversitesi Kutlubey-Yazıcılar Yerleşkesi. Journal of Forestry Faculty of Kastamonu University, 14(2). Ahmed, M. (2023). The Impact Of Walkways and Open Spaces on Promoting Sustainable Pattern of Life in the Campus Case Study Of Mahlia Girls' Campus Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. https://doi.org/10.21608/msaeng.2023.291875
  • Alptekin, O., Ünver, H., & Özdemir, H. (2018). Üniversite Yerleşkelerinin Fiziksel Gelişim Planlaması: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Meşelik Yerleşkesi Örneği. Paper presented at the 2. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Eğitim Bilimleri ve Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, Ankara.
  • Alves, S., Betrabet Gulwadi, G., & Nilsson, P. (2022). An exploration of how biophilic attributes on campuses might support student connectedness to nature, others, and self. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 793175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.793175
  • Asim, F., Rai, S., & Shree, V. (2021). Biophilic architecture for restoration and therapy within the built environment: a review. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201907.0323.v1
  • Astawa, I. K., Armoni, N. L. E., Suardani, A. A. P., & Ruki, M. (2022). Green Tourism in Education and Research to Build Bali State Polytechnic's Brand Image and Loyalty. Technium Soc. Sci. J., 35, 448. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v35i1.7231
  • Beatley, T. (2011). Biophilic cities: integrating nature into urban design and planning: Island Press.
  • Begeç, H. (2002). Üniversitelerde Kampus Yerleşme Biçimleri. Yapı Mimarlık, Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi, 252, 57-63. Chawla, L. (2012). Biophilic Design: The Architecture of Life. Children, Youth and Environments, 22(1), 346-347. https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2012.0041
  • Dülger, H. (2017). Üniversite yerleşkelerinin kullanıcı gereksinimlerine göre güncellenmesi için bir yöntem önerisi: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Meşelik Yerleşkesi örneği. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Eskişehir. Erçevik, B., & Önal, F. (2011). Üniversite Kampüs Sistemlerinde Sosyal Mekan Kullanımları. Megaron, 6(3). Fadda, R., Congiu, S., Roeyers, H., & Skoler, T. (2023). Elements of Biophilic Design Increase Visual Attention in Preschoolers. Buildings, 13(5), 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051160
  • Gao, W., Jin, D., Wang, Q., & Zhu, P. (2023). Integrating User-Centered Design and Biophilic Design to Improve Biophilia and Intelligentization in Office Environments. Buildings, 13(7), 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071687
  • Gautam, A. (2017). Biophilic Design in Architecture. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 6(3). https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV6IS030153
  • Gray, T., & Birrell, C. (2014). Are biophilic-designed site office buildings linked to health benefits and high performing occupants? International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(12), 12204-12222. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111212204
  • Heschong, L., Mahone, D., Kuttaiah, K., Stone, N., Chappell, C., & McHugh, J. (1999). Daylighting in schools: An investigation into the relationship between daylighting and human performance. Detailed report. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31498.31683
  • Huntsman, D. D., & Bulaj, G. (2022). Healthy dwelling: design of biophilic interior environments fostering self-care practices for people living with migraines, chronic pain, and depression. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(4), 2248. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042248
  • Jaheen, N. U., & El-Darwish, I. (2022). Biophilic Design Elements in Modern Buildings Influenced by Islamic Architecture Features. JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences, 50(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2021.102832.1085
  • Kaya, H. (2019). Biyofilik Tasarım ve İyileştiren Mimarlık: Çocuk Hastaneleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi University, Ankara. Kellert, S. R. (1993). The biological basis for human values of nature. The biophilia hypothesis, 42, 69. Kellert, S. R. (2008). Dimensions, elements, and attributes of biophilic design. In Biophilic design: the theory, science, and practice of bringing buildings to life (pp. 3-19).
  • Kellert, S. R., & Calabrese, E. F. (2015). The Practice of Biophilic Design. London: Terrapin Bright LLC, 3(21). Kellert, S. R., Heerwagen, J., & Mador, M. (2011). Biophilic design: the theory, science and practice of bringing buildings to life: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Linde, H. (1971). Hochschulplanung, Werner-Verlag: Dusseldorf.
  • Madias, E.-N. D., Christodoulou, K., Androvitsaneas, V. P., Skalkou, A., Sotiropoulou, S., Zervas, E., & Doulos, L. T. (2023). Τhe effect of artificial lighting on both biophilic and human-centric design. Journal of Building Engineering, 76, 107292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107292
  • McFarland, A., Waliczek, T., & Zajicek, J. M. (2008). The relationship between student use of campus green spaces and perceptions of quality of life. HortTechnology, 18(2), 232-238. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.18.2.232
  • Mohammed, A. B. (2023). A Progressive Checklist to Create Design Solutions in Buildings Through Biophilia Design Post-Coronavirus. MSA Engineering Journal, 2(2), 771-798. https://doi.org/10.21608/msaeng.2023.291912
  • Mollazadeh, M., & Zhu, Y. (2021). Application of virtual environments for biophilic design: a critical review. Buildings, 11(4), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11040148
  • Museus, S. D., Yi, V., & Saelua, N. (2017). The impact of culturally engaging campus environments on sense of belonging. The Review of Higher Education, 40(2), 187-215. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2017.0001
  • Nota, G., Marian, R. G., Callegari, G., Berto, R., & Barbiero, G. (2017). When biophilic design meets restorative architecture: the Strambinello project. Visions for Sustainability(8). https://doi.org/10.13135/2384-8677/2490
  • Petratos, P., & Damaskou, E. (2015). Management strategies for sustainability education, planning, design, energy conservation in California higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 16(4), 576-603. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-03-2014-0038
  • Sabaa, S. A., Azem, M. A., Al-Shanwany, H., & El-Ibrashy, M. (2022). A Study of Biophilic design and how it relates to the children’s hospitals design. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
  • Sıramkaya, S. B., & Çınar, K. (2012). Üniversite Kampüs Yerleşkelerinde Ortak Kullanım Mekanlarının İncelenmesi: Selçuk Üniversitesi Aleaddin Keykubat Kampüsü Örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 27(2), 61-72.
  • William Browning, H. A., Ryan, C., & Clancy, J. (2014). 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design: Terrapin Bright Green.
  • Wilson, E. (1984). The human bond with other species. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard.
  • Yin, J., Arfaei, N., MacNaughton, P., Catalano, P. J., Allen, J. G., & Spengler, J. D. (2019). Effects of biophilic interventions in office on stress reaction and cognitive function: A randomized crossover study in virtual reality. Indoor air, 29(6), 1028-1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12593
  • Zhong, W., Schröder, T., & Bekkering, J. (2022). Biophilic design in architecture and its contributions to health, well-being, and sustainability: A critical review. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(1), 114-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2021.07.006

Integrating Nature into Academic Spaces: Biophilic Campus

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 210 - 224, 15.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.54864/planarch.1491955

Abstract

Biophilic design is an architectural approach that fosters connections between humans and nature. The primary objective of this approach is to bridge the gap between the built environment and nature, thereby enhancing the quality of spaces and increasing users' productivity. This study examines integrating biophilic design into campuses categorised according to Linde's university campus layout classifications (diffusive, central, molecular, gridiron, cross, and linear). In this context, the main campuses of Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Anadolu University, Istanbul Technical University, Dokuz Eylul University, and Istanbul University were selected as sample areas for analysis. The sample areas were evaluated and compared according to William Browning et al.'s fourteen biophilic design principles based on observation, which is a qualitative research design. The evaluation revealed deficiencies in the window glazing areas of campus buildings, the design of open and semi-open spaces, the use of water and plants in interior spaces, and the integration of water elements into the design. To address these deficiencies, the study recommends that universities prioritise applying biophilic design principles in their physical environment planning. Additionally, various recommendations for implementing these design principles were developed. Implementing these recommendations is expected to facilitate stronger connections between individuals and nature, promoting a more sustainable relationship within built environments.

References

  • Açıksöz, S., Cengiz, B., Bekçi, B., Cengiz, C., & Gökçe, G. C. (2014). Üniversite Yerleşkelerinde Açık ve Yeşil Alan Sisteminin Planlanması ve Yönetimi: Bartın Üniversitesi Kutlubey-Yazıcılar Yerleşkesi. Journal of Forestry Faculty of Kastamonu University, 14(2). Ahmed, M. (2023). The Impact Of Walkways and Open Spaces on Promoting Sustainable Pattern of Life in the Campus Case Study Of Mahlia Girls' Campus Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. https://doi.org/10.21608/msaeng.2023.291875
  • Alptekin, O., Ünver, H., & Özdemir, H. (2018). Üniversite Yerleşkelerinin Fiziksel Gelişim Planlaması: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Meşelik Yerleşkesi Örneği. Paper presented at the 2. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Eğitim Bilimleri ve Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, Ankara.
  • Alves, S., Betrabet Gulwadi, G., & Nilsson, P. (2022). An exploration of how biophilic attributes on campuses might support student connectedness to nature, others, and self. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 793175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.793175
  • Asim, F., Rai, S., & Shree, V. (2021). Biophilic architecture for restoration and therapy within the built environment: a review. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201907.0323.v1
  • Astawa, I. K., Armoni, N. L. E., Suardani, A. A. P., & Ruki, M. (2022). Green Tourism in Education and Research to Build Bali State Polytechnic's Brand Image and Loyalty. Technium Soc. Sci. J., 35, 448. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v35i1.7231
  • Beatley, T. (2011). Biophilic cities: integrating nature into urban design and planning: Island Press.
  • Begeç, H. (2002). Üniversitelerde Kampus Yerleşme Biçimleri. Yapı Mimarlık, Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi, 252, 57-63. Chawla, L. (2012). Biophilic Design: The Architecture of Life. Children, Youth and Environments, 22(1), 346-347. https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2012.0041
  • Dülger, H. (2017). Üniversite yerleşkelerinin kullanıcı gereksinimlerine göre güncellenmesi için bir yöntem önerisi: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Meşelik Yerleşkesi örneği. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Eskişehir. Erçevik, B., & Önal, F. (2011). Üniversite Kampüs Sistemlerinde Sosyal Mekan Kullanımları. Megaron, 6(3). Fadda, R., Congiu, S., Roeyers, H., & Skoler, T. (2023). Elements of Biophilic Design Increase Visual Attention in Preschoolers. Buildings, 13(5), 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051160
  • Gao, W., Jin, D., Wang, Q., & Zhu, P. (2023). Integrating User-Centered Design and Biophilic Design to Improve Biophilia and Intelligentization in Office Environments. Buildings, 13(7), 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071687
  • Gautam, A. (2017). Biophilic Design in Architecture. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 6(3). https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV6IS030153
  • Gray, T., & Birrell, C. (2014). Are biophilic-designed site office buildings linked to health benefits and high performing occupants? International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(12), 12204-12222. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111212204
  • Heschong, L., Mahone, D., Kuttaiah, K., Stone, N., Chappell, C., & McHugh, J. (1999). Daylighting in schools: An investigation into the relationship between daylighting and human performance. Detailed report. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31498.31683
  • Huntsman, D. D., & Bulaj, G. (2022). Healthy dwelling: design of biophilic interior environments fostering self-care practices for people living with migraines, chronic pain, and depression. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(4), 2248. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042248
  • Jaheen, N. U., & El-Darwish, I. (2022). Biophilic Design Elements in Modern Buildings Influenced by Islamic Architecture Features. JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences, 50(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2021.102832.1085
  • Kaya, H. (2019). Biyofilik Tasarım ve İyileştiren Mimarlık: Çocuk Hastaneleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi University, Ankara. Kellert, S. R. (1993). The biological basis for human values of nature. The biophilia hypothesis, 42, 69. Kellert, S. R. (2008). Dimensions, elements, and attributes of biophilic design. In Biophilic design: the theory, science, and practice of bringing buildings to life (pp. 3-19).
  • Kellert, S. R., & Calabrese, E. F. (2015). The Practice of Biophilic Design. London: Terrapin Bright LLC, 3(21). Kellert, S. R., Heerwagen, J., & Mador, M. (2011). Biophilic design: the theory, science and practice of bringing buildings to life: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Linde, H. (1971). Hochschulplanung, Werner-Verlag: Dusseldorf.
  • Madias, E.-N. D., Christodoulou, K., Androvitsaneas, V. P., Skalkou, A., Sotiropoulou, S., Zervas, E., & Doulos, L. T. (2023). Τhe effect of artificial lighting on both biophilic and human-centric design. Journal of Building Engineering, 76, 107292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107292
  • McFarland, A., Waliczek, T., & Zajicek, J. M. (2008). The relationship between student use of campus green spaces and perceptions of quality of life. HortTechnology, 18(2), 232-238. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.18.2.232
  • Mohammed, A. B. (2023). A Progressive Checklist to Create Design Solutions in Buildings Through Biophilia Design Post-Coronavirus. MSA Engineering Journal, 2(2), 771-798. https://doi.org/10.21608/msaeng.2023.291912
  • Mollazadeh, M., & Zhu, Y. (2021). Application of virtual environments for biophilic design: a critical review. Buildings, 11(4), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11040148
  • Museus, S. D., Yi, V., & Saelua, N. (2017). The impact of culturally engaging campus environments on sense of belonging. The Review of Higher Education, 40(2), 187-215. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2017.0001
  • Nota, G., Marian, R. G., Callegari, G., Berto, R., & Barbiero, G. (2017). When biophilic design meets restorative architecture: the Strambinello project. Visions for Sustainability(8). https://doi.org/10.13135/2384-8677/2490
  • Petratos, P., & Damaskou, E. (2015). Management strategies for sustainability education, planning, design, energy conservation in California higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 16(4), 576-603. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-03-2014-0038
  • Sabaa, S. A., Azem, M. A., Al-Shanwany, H., & El-Ibrashy, M. (2022). A Study of Biophilic design and how it relates to the children’s hospitals design. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
  • Sıramkaya, S. B., & Çınar, K. (2012). Üniversite Kampüs Yerleşkelerinde Ortak Kullanım Mekanlarının İncelenmesi: Selçuk Üniversitesi Aleaddin Keykubat Kampüsü Örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 27(2), 61-72.
  • William Browning, H. A., Ryan, C., & Clancy, J. (2014). 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design: Terrapin Bright Green.
  • Wilson, E. (1984). The human bond with other species. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard.
  • Yin, J., Arfaei, N., MacNaughton, P., Catalano, P. J., Allen, J. G., & Spengler, J. D. (2019). Effects of biophilic interventions in office on stress reaction and cognitive function: A randomized crossover study in virtual reality. Indoor air, 29(6), 1028-1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12593
  • Zhong, W., Schröder, T., & Bekkering, J. (2022). Biophilic design in architecture and its contributions to health, well-being, and sustainability: A critical review. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(1), 114-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2021.07.006
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architectural Design
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hüseyin Özdemir 0000-0002-5878-8668

Publication Date September 15, 2024
Submission Date May 29, 2024
Acceptance Date August 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özdemir, H. (2024). Integrating Nature into Academic Spaces: Biophilic Campus. PLANARCH - Design and Planning Research, 8(2), 210-224. https://doi.org/10.54864/planarch.1491955

Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License

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