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Two Rare Coins from the Zecca Di Scio: Early Issues of the Maona Dei Gıustiniani (XIVth C.)

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 6, 191 - 202, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1637204

Abstract

Bu makale, Sakız Adası’na ait iki nadir sikkeyi tanıtmaktadır. Her ikisi de 1346’dan 1566’ya kadar adayı yöneten ticari girişim şirketi Giustiniani Maona’sı döneminde Sakız Darphanesi’nde basılmıştır. Bu dönem, Ceneviz Devlet arşivleri ve Cenova’daki Biblioteca Civica Berio’da muhafaza edilen Codex Berianus Chiensis’in 14. yüzyıla ait kartüleri aracılığıyla oldukça iyi belgelenmiştir. Söz konusu kartülde 1347 tarihli ve Ceneviz Komünü ile Maona arasında yapılmış bir anlaşma yer almakta olup, bu anlaşma Maona’nın adadaki darphanede (Zecca) sikke bastırma hakkını düzenlemektedir. Sakız’ın, Zaccaria hâkimiyeti altında 1300’lerin başlarından itibaren kendi darphanesini işletip altın, gümüş ve bakır sikkeler bastığı bilinmektedir. Bu makalede incelenen iki sikke, Eski Maona’nın en erken bastırımları arasında görünmektedir: İlki, ön yüzünde dojun (Ceneviz doju) büstünü taşıyan ve DVX IANVENSIVN lejantını içeren gümüş bir harati (karat ya da keration); ikincisi ise ön yüzünde Tours kalesini taşıyan ve CIVITAS SII lejantını barındıran bir bakır denier tournois’tir. Her iki sikkenin arka yüzü CUNRADVS REX anısını taşımaktadır. Bu sikkeler, Ceneviz Sakız’ının geç Orta Çağ sikke basımı çalışmalarına önemli bir katkı sağlamanın yanı sıra, Maona’nın hâkimiyetinin ilk yıllarında Akdeniz ekonomisini aydınlatan değerli bir kaynak niteliğindedir. Söz konusu sikkeler, resmi olarak kayıtlı özel bir koleksiyonun parçasıdır.

References

  • Argenti 1958, Argenti, P.Ph., The Occupation of Chios by the Genoese and Their Administration of the Island, 1346- 1566, 3 vols, Cambridge.
  • Balard 2017, Balard, M., “1261. Genova nel mondo: il trattato di Ninfeo” in: Gênes et la mer - Genova e il mare, vol. II. Genoa: Società Ligure di Storia Patria, 529-549.
  • Ducae, Michaelis Ducae Nepotis, Historia Byzantina (ed. I Bekker) CSHB, Bonn, 1834.
  • Gnecchi-Gnecchi 1888, Gnecchi, F. - Gnecchi, E., “Di Alcune Monete Inedite e Sconosciute della Zecca di Scio”, Rivista Italiana di Numismatica, I, 2-14.
  • Herodotus, The Histories, Oxford Classical Texts (ed. C. Hude) Oxford, 1927. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/ text.jsp?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D165.
  • Kantakouzenos, Ioannes, Historiarum Libri VII, CSHB, Bonn, 1836.
  • Koukouni 2018, Koukouni, N.I., “Coins and Seals in Byzantine and Genoese Chios (Fifth- Sixteenth Centuries)” in: (ed. C. Ünal - A. Ersoy - C. Gürbıyık - B.K. Kasalı), Port Cities Of The Aegean World: Coins, Seals And Weights, Manisa, 165-182.
  • Koukouni 2021, Koukouni, N.I., Chios Dicta Est…Et In Aegaeo Sita Mari: Historical Archaeology and Heraldry on Chios, Archaeopress: Oxford.
  • Lambros 1886, Lambros, P., Μεσαιωνικά Νομίσματα των Δυναστών της Χίου, Athens. Laonicos Chalkokondyles, Historiarum Libri X, Venice 1729: https://digitallibrary.academyofathens.gr/archive/ item/5421.
  • Lemerle 1979, Lemerle, P., Les plus anciens recueils des miracles de Saint Démetrius, I, Paris.
  • Lunardi 1980, Lunardi, G., Le Monete Delle Colonie Genovesi, Genoa.
  • Mazarakis 1997, Mazarakis, A., “Chio: Revisioni Monetarie”, Oriente ed Occidente Tra Medioevo Ed Età Moderna, (ed. L. Balletto), Genova, 813-901.
  • Mazarakis 1999, Mazarakis, A., “A Martinello of Manuele and Paleologo Zaccaria (1307-1310) from the Zunino Collection”, Nομισματικά Xρονικά, 18, 111-118.
  • Mazarakis 2003, Mazarakis, A., Noμίσματα της Χίου, 1346–1566, Athens.
  • Mazarakis 2006, Mazarakis, A., “Zaccaria e Della Volta nell’ Egeo Orientale 1268-1329”, Circolo Numismatico Ligure “Corrado Astengo”, Sezione della Società Ligure di Storia Patria, Atene.
  • Metcalf 1995, Metcalf, D.M., Coinage of the Crusades and the Latin East, in the Ashmolean Museum Oxford, London.
  • Promis 1865, Promis, D., La Zecca di Scio Durante il Dominio dei Genovesi, Torino. Psellos Michael, Scripta minora: Orationes et dissertationes, I, (ed. E. Kurtz), 1936.
  • Schlumberger 1878, Schlumberger, G., Numismatique de l’ Orient Latin, Paris.
  • Strabo, Geography: 6, (XIII-XIV) London: Heinemann, 1929.
  • Valakou 2010, Valakou, P., “Coins of the Genoese Period in Chios (1346-1566): The Collection of the Chios Byzantine Museum”, Coins in the Aegean Islands: Proceedings of the Fifth Scientific Meeting, Mytilene 16–19 September 2006, (ed. P. Tselekas), Obolos 9, II, 109-118.

Two Rare Coins from the Zecca Di Scio: Early Issues of the Maona Dei Giustiniani (XIVth C.)

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 6, 191 - 202, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1637204

Abstract

This paper presents two rare coins from Chios island. Both are issues of the mint of Chios during the period of the Maona dei Giustiniani, the venture company which ruled the island from 1346 until 1566. This period is very well documented through the Genoese State archives and the fourteenth-century cartulary of the Codex Berianus Chiensis kept at the Library Civica Berio, in Genoa. The cartulary contains an agreement stipulated in 1347 between the Commune of Genoa and the Maona, which lays down the right of the Maona to strike coins in the mint (the Zecca) of the island. We know that Chios operated its own mint and struck gold, silver and copper coins since the early 1300s, under the Zaccaria overlords. The two coins discussed in this paper appear to be among the earliest issues of the Old Maona: the first is a silver harati (carat or keration) bearing the bust of the doge with the legend DVX IANVENSIVN; the second is a copper denier tournois bearing the castle of Tours with the legend CIVITAS SII. The reverse of both coins commemorates CUNRADVS REX. They are an important addition to the study of the late medieval coinage of Genoese Chios but also a valuable resource illuminating the Mediterranean economy during the first decades of the Maona’s overlordship. The coins are part of an officially registered private collection.

Thanks

I express my thanks to the private collector who wishes to remain anonymous for making the collection available to me.

References

  • Argenti 1958, Argenti, P.Ph., The Occupation of Chios by the Genoese and Their Administration of the Island, 1346- 1566, 3 vols, Cambridge.
  • Balard 2017, Balard, M., “1261. Genova nel mondo: il trattato di Ninfeo” in: Gênes et la mer - Genova e il mare, vol. II. Genoa: Società Ligure di Storia Patria, 529-549.
  • Ducae, Michaelis Ducae Nepotis, Historia Byzantina (ed. I Bekker) CSHB, Bonn, 1834.
  • Gnecchi-Gnecchi 1888, Gnecchi, F. - Gnecchi, E., “Di Alcune Monete Inedite e Sconosciute della Zecca di Scio”, Rivista Italiana di Numismatica, I, 2-14.
  • Herodotus, The Histories, Oxford Classical Texts (ed. C. Hude) Oxford, 1927. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/ text.jsp?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D165.
  • Kantakouzenos, Ioannes, Historiarum Libri VII, CSHB, Bonn, 1836.
  • Koukouni 2018, Koukouni, N.I., “Coins and Seals in Byzantine and Genoese Chios (Fifth- Sixteenth Centuries)” in: (ed. C. Ünal - A. Ersoy - C. Gürbıyık - B.K. Kasalı), Port Cities Of The Aegean World: Coins, Seals And Weights, Manisa, 165-182.
  • Koukouni 2021, Koukouni, N.I., Chios Dicta Est…Et In Aegaeo Sita Mari: Historical Archaeology and Heraldry on Chios, Archaeopress: Oxford.
  • Lambros 1886, Lambros, P., Μεσαιωνικά Νομίσματα των Δυναστών της Χίου, Athens. Laonicos Chalkokondyles, Historiarum Libri X, Venice 1729: https://digitallibrary.academyofathens.gr/archive/ item/5421.
  • Lemerle 1979, Lemerle, P., Les plus anciens recueils des miracles de Saint Démetrius, I, Paris.
  • Lunardi 1980, Lunardi, G., Le Monete Delle Colonie Genovesi, Genoa.
  • Mazarakis 1997, Mazarakis, A., “Chio: Revisioni Monetarie”, Oriente ed Occidente Tra Medioevo Ed Età Moderna, (ed. L. Balletto), Genova, 813-901.
  • Mazarakis 1999, Mazarakis, A., “A Martinello of Manuele and Paleologo Zaccaria (1307-1310) from the Zunino Collection”, Nομισματικά Xρονικά, 18, 111-118.
  • Mazarakis 2003, Mazarakis, A., Noμίσματα της Χίου, 1346–1566, Athens.
  • Mazarakis 2006, Mazarakis, A., “Zaccaria e Della Volta nell’ Egeo Orientale 1268-1329”, Circolo Numismatico Ligure “Corrado Astengo”, Sezione della Società Ligure di Storia Patria, Atene.
  • Metcalf 1995, Metcalf, D.M., Coinage of the Crusades and the Latin East, in the Ashmolean Museum Oxford, London.
  • Promis 1865, Promis, D., La Zecca di Scio Durante il Dominio dei Genovesi, Torino. Psellos Michael, Scripta minora: Orationes et dissertationes, I, (ed. E. Kurtz), 1936.
  • Schlumberger 1878, Schlumberger, G., Numismatique de l’ Orient Latin, Paris.
  • Strabo, Geography: 6, (XIII-XIV) London: Heinemann, 1929.
  • Valakou 2010, Valakou, P., “Coins of the Genoese Period in Chios (1346-1566): The Collection of the Chios Byzantine Museum”, Coins in the Aegean Islands: Proceedings of the Fifth Scientific Meeting, Mytilene 16–19 September 2006, (ed. P. Tselekas), Obolos 9, II, 109-118.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Numismatics, Medieval Age Archeology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ioanna Koukouni

Publication Date September 25, 2025
Submission Date February 10, 2025
Acceptance Date June 3, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Koukouni, I. (2025). Two Rare Coins from the Zecca Di Scio: Early Issues of the Maona Dei Giustiniani (XIVth C.). PROPONTICA, 3(6), 191-202. https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1637204
AMA Koukouni I. Two Rare Coins from the Zecca Di Scio: Early Issues of the Maona Dei Giustiniani (XIVth C.). PROPONTICA. September 2025;3(6):191-202. doi:10.56170/propontica.1637204
Chicago Koukouni, Ioanna. “Two Rare Coins from the Zecca Di Scio: Early Issues of the Maona Dei Giustiniani (XIVth C.)”. PROPONTICA 3, no. 6 (September 2025): 191-202. https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1637204.
EndNote Koukouni I (September 1, 2025) Two Rare Coins from the Zecca Di Scio: Early Issues of the Maona Dei Giustiniani (XIVth C.). PROPONTICA 3 6 191–202.
IEEE I. Koukouni, “Two Rare Coins from the Zecca Di Scio: Early Issues of the Maona Dei Giustiniani (XIVth C.)”, PROPONTICA, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 191–202, 2025, doi: 10.56170/propontica.1637204.
ISNAD Koukouni, Ioanna. “Two Rare Coins from the Zecca Di Scio: Early Issues of the Maona Dei Giustiniani (XIVth C.)”. PROPONTICA 3/6 (September2025), 191-202. https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1637204.
JAMA Koukouni I. Two Rare Coins from the Zecca Di Scio: Early Issues of the Maona Dei Giustiniani (XIVth C.). PROPONTICA. 2025;3:191–202.
MLA Koukouni, Ioanna. “Two Rare Coins from the Zecca Di Scio: Early Issues of the Maona Dei Giustiniani (XIVth C.)”. PROPONTICA, vol. 3, no. 6, 2025, pp. 191-02, doi:10.56170/propontica.1637204.
Vancouver Koukouni I. Two Rare Coins from the Zecca Di Scio: Early Issues of the Maona Dei Giustiniani (XIVth C.). PROPONTICA. 2025;3(6):191-202.

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