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Güney Ural Devlet Tarih Müzesi’nden I. Aleksios Komnenos’a Ait Bir Nomisma Definesi

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 6, 203 - 211, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1673186

Abstract

Bu makale, Rus arkeolog Nikolay Kirillovich Minko’nun (1880–1920 sonrası) koleksiyonundan gelen ve 1923 yılında Güney Ural Devlet Tarih Müzesi (Çelyabinsk, Rusya) tarafından satın alınan, reform öncesi düşük ayarlı I. Aleksios Komnenos nomismata definesini incelemektedir. Minko, bu kökeni belirsiz defineyi 1909–1911 yılları arasında Sivastopol bölgesindeki arkeolojik kazıları sırasında edinmiştir. Define, tamamı reform öncesi döneme (Nisan 1081–Ağustos 1092) ait olmak üzere 4 histamenon ve 13 tetarteron içermektedir. Hem histamenonlar hem de tetarteronlar Konstantinopolis’e atfedilmiştir. Histamenonların tümü ikinci darp dönemine (1087–1092) aittir. Tetarteronların 11’i birinci darp döneminden (1081–1087), ikisi ise ikinci dönemden gelmektedir. İkinci darp dönemine ait sikkeler, defineyi 1087–1092 arasına ya da biraz sonrasına tarihlendirmeyi mümkün kılmaktadır. Define, I. Aleksios döneminde neredeyse hiç altın içermeyen alaşımlarla basılan altın nomismatalardaki (hem histamenon hem de tetarteron) değer düşüklüğünün derecesini açıkça göstermektedir. I. Aleksios’a ait sikkelerin Kırım, Don ve Kuzey Kafkasya’da neredeyse tamamen yokluğu dikkate alındığında, bu Bizans gümüş sikkeleri definesinin büyük olasılıkla Herson’dan ya da onun çevresinden gelmiş olduğu varsayılabilir. Nitekim 19.–20. yüzyılda düzenli arkeolojik kazılarda Herson’da bir gümüş tetarteron ve üç I. Aleksios histamenonu tespit edilmiştir. En azından söz konusu bölge için eşsiz olan bu define, Herson Theması’ndaki 11. yüzyıl Bizans para sistemini anlamak açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

References

  • Abramzon et al. 2023, Abramzon, M.G.–Pankratova, E. G.–Petrova, E.V.–Treyster M.Yu., “Antichnye i vizantiyskie monety iz kollektsii N.K. Minko (Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy muzey Yuzhnogo Urala). Chast’ II. Bospor, pozdnyaya Rimskaya imperiya, Vizantiya”, Vestnik drevney istorii, 82.2, 367-390.
  • DOC 4/1, Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection (ed. A. Bellinger, Ph. Grierson). Vol. IV. Hendy M.F., Alexius I to Michael VIII. 1081-1261. Pt. 1. Alexius I to Alexius V. 1081-1204. Washington, 1999.
  • Durylin 1927, Durylin, S.N., “N.K. Minko i ego raboty po arkheologii Chelyabinskogo okruga. (Materialy k biografii)”, Sbornik materialov po izucheniyu Chelyabinskogo okruga. Book 1. Chelyabinsk, 53-55.
  • Guruleva 1996, Guruleva, V.V., “Doreformennye vypuski vizantiyskikh monet Alekseya I (1081-1118)”, Monety, medali, zhetony. Moscow, 168-174.
  • Kostromicheva 1979, Kostromicheva, T.I., “Neizdannye zolotye monety iz Khersonesa”, Antichnaya drevnost’ i srednie veka 16: Sotsial’noe razvitie Vizantii. Sverdlovsk, 126-129.
  • Kropotkin 1962, Kropotkin, V.V., Klady vizantiyskikh monet na territorii SSSR (= Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov, E4-4). Moscow.
  • Mosser 1935, Mosser, S., A Bibliography of Byzantine Coin Hoards (= Numismatic Notes and Monographs, 67). New York.
  • OAK 1913, Otchet Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii za 1909 i 1910 gody. St. Petersburg, 1913. Pakhomov 1926, Pakhomov, E.A., Monetnye klady Azerbaydzhana i Zakavkaz›ya (= Travaux de la Sociéte Scientifique d’Azerbaidjian, 3). Bakü.
  • Pakhomov 1954, Pakhomov, E.A., Monetnye klady Azerbaydzhana i drugikh respublik, kraev i oblastey Kavkaza, 6. Bakü.
  • Pyankov–Yurchenko 2016, Pyankov, A.V.–Yurchenko, T.V., “Vizantiyskaya serebryanaya moneta iz Ubinskogo mogil’nika”, VI “Anfimovskie chteniya” po arkheologii Zapadnogo Kavkaza. Problemy izucheniya pogrebal’nogo obryada narodov Zapadnogo Kavkaza v drevnosti i srednevekov’e. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy arkheologicheskoy konferentsii (g. Krasnodar, 31 maya–2 iunya 2016 g.)”. Krasnodar, 211-214.
  • SA IHMC, Scientific Archieve of the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.
  • SHMSU, State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals, Chelyabinsk.
  • Sidorenko 2015, Sidorenko, V.A., “Monetnyy klad vremeni Alekseya I Komnina (1081–1118 gg.), naydennyy na antichnom poselenii Ortli”, Istoriya i arkheologiya Kryma. Sbornik statey, posvyashchennyy pamyati Aleksandra Evgen’evicha Puzdrovskogo, ed. by. V.V. Mayko, 2. Simferopol, 397-399.
  • Sokolova 1968, Sokolova, I.V., “Nakhodki vizantiyskikh monet VI–XII vv. v Krymu”, Vizantiyskiy vremennik 29, 254-264.

A Hoard of Alexius I Comnenus Nomismata from the State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 6, 203 - 211, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1673186

Abstract

This article examines a hoard of pre-reform debased nomismata of Alexius I Comnenus from the collection of the Russian archaeologist, Nikolay Kirillovich Minko (1880–after 1920), which was acquired by the State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals (Chelyabinsk, Russia) in 1923. Minko purchased this hoard of uncertain origin during his archaeological excavations in the region of Sevastopol in 1909–1911. The hoard contains 4 histamena and 13 tetartera, all from the pre-reform period (April 1081–August 1092). Both histamena and tetartera has been attributed to Constantinopolis. All histamena are from the second coinage (1087–1092). Of the tetartera, 11 pieces are from the first coinage (1081–1087), and two pieces are from the second. The group of coins from the second coinage allows one to date the hoard to 1087–1092 or a little later. The hoard clearly demonstrates further degree of debasement of gold nomismata (both histamenon and tetarterion) struck in alloys containing almost no gold during the reign of Alexius I. Considering the almost complete absence Alexius I’s coins in Crimea, the Don and the North Caucasus, it can be assumed that this hoard of Byzantine silver coins most likely originated from Cherson—or its surrounding region—where, during regular archaeological excavations at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, a silver tetarteron and three histamena of Alexius I were recorded. The unique (at least for the region under consideration) hoard is of great significance for understanding the currency pattern of the 11th-century Byzantine coins in the Theme of Cherson.

References

  • Abramzon et al. 2023, Abramzon, M.G.–Pankratova, E. G.–Petrova, E.V.–Treyster M.Yu., “Antichnye i vizantiyskie monety iz kollektsii N.K. Minko (Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy muzey Yuzhnogo Urala). Chast’ II. Bospor, pozdnyaya Rimskaya imperiya, Vizantiya”, Vestnik drevney istorii, 82.2, 367-390.
  • DOC 4/1, Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection (ed. A. Bellinger, Ph. Grierson). Vol. IV. Hendy M.F., Alexius I to Michael VIII. 1081-1261. Pt. 1. Alexius I to Alexius V. 1081-1204. Washington, 1999.
  • Durylin 1927, Durylin, S.N., “N.K. Minko i ego raboty po arkheologii Chelyabinskogo okruga. (Materialy k biografii)”, Sbornik materialov po izucheniyu Chelyabinskogo okruga. Book 1. Chelyabinsk, 53-55.
  • Guruleva 1996, Guruleva, V.V., “Doreformennye vypuski vizantiyskikh monet Alekseya I (1081-1118)”, Monety, medali, zhetony. Moscow, 168-174.
  • Kostromicheva 1979, Kostromicheva, T.I., “Neizdannye zolotye monety iz Khersonesa”, Antichnaya drevnost’ i srednie veka 16: Sotsial’noe razvitie Vizantii. Sverdlovsk, 126-129.
  • Kropotkin 1962, Kropotkin, V.V., Klady vizantiyskikh monet na territorii SSSR (= Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov, E4-4). Moscow.
  • Mosser 1935, Mosser, S., A Bibliography of Byzantine Coin Hoards (= Numismatic Notes and Monographs, 67). New York.
  • OAK 1913, Otchet Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii za 1909 i 1910 gody. St. Petersburg, 1913. Pakhomov 1926, Pakhomov, E.A., Monetnye klady Azerbaydzhana i Zakavkaz›ya (= Travaux de la Sociéte Scientifique d’Azerbaidjian, 3). Bakü.
  • Pakhomov 1954, Pakhomov, E.A., Monetnye klady Azerbaydzhana i drugikh respublik, kraev i oblastey Kavkaza, 6. Bakü.
  • Pyankov–Yurchenko 2016, Pyankov, A.V.–Yurchenko, T.V., “Vizantiyskaya serebryanaya moneta iz Ubinskogo mogil’nika”, VI “Anfimovskie chteniya” po arkheologii Zapadnogo Kavkaza. Problemy izucheniya pogrebal’nogo obryada narodov Zapadnogo Kavkaza v drevnosti i srednevekov’e. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy arkheologicheskoy konferentsii (g. Krasnodar, 31 maya–2 iunya 2016 g.)”. Krasnodar, 211-214.
  • SA IHMC, Scientific Archieve of the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.
  • SHMSU, State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals, Chelyabinsk.
  • Sidorenko 2015, Sidorenko, V.A., “Monetnyy klad vremeni Alekseya I Komnina (1081–1118 gg.), naydennyy na antichnom poselenii Ortli”, Istoriya i arkheologiya Kryma. Sbornik statey, posvyashchennyy pamyati Aleksandra Evgen’evicha Puzdrovskogo, ed. by. V.V. Mayko, 2. Simferopol, 397-399.
  • Sokolova 1968, Sokolova, I.V., “Nakhodki vizantiyskikh monet VI–XII vv. v Krymu”, Vizantiyskiy vremennik 29, 254-264.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Archaeological Science, Numismatics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mikhail Abramzon

Publication Date September 25, 2025
Submission Date April 10, 2025
Acceptance Date June 3, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Abramzon, M. (2025). A Hoard of Alexius I Comnenus Nomismata from the State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals. PROPONTICA, 3(6), 203-211. https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1673186
AMA Abramzon M. A Hoard of Alexius I Comnenus Nomismata from the State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals. PROPONTICA. September 2025;3(6):203-211. doi:10.56170/propontica.1673186
Chicago Abramzon, Mikhail. “A Hoard of Alexius I Comnenus Nomismata from the State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals”. PROPONTICA 3, no. 6 (September 2025): 203-11. https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1673186.
EndNote Abramzon M (September 1, 2025) A Hoard of Alexius I Comnenus Nomismata from the State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals. PROPONTICA 3 6 203–211.
IEEE M. Abramzon, “A Hoard of Alexius I Comnenus Nomismata from the State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals”, PROPONTICA, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 203–211, 2025, doi: 10.56170/propontica.1673186.
ISNAD Abramzon, Mikhail. “A Hoard of Alexius I Comnenus Nomismata from the State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals”. PROPONTICA 3/6 (September2025), 203-211. https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1673186.
JAMA Abramzon M. A Hoard of Alexius I Comnenus Nomismata from the State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals. PROPONTICA. 2025;3:203–211.
MLA Abramzon, Mikhail. “A Hoard of Alexius I Comnenus Nomismata from the State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals”. PROPONTICA, vol. 3, no. 6, 2025, pp. 203-11, doi:10.56170/propontica.1673186.
Vancouver Abramzon M. A Hoard of Alexius I Comnenus Nomismata from the State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals. PROPONTICA. 2025;3(6):203-11.

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