Research Article
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The Effect of 12-Week Psychological Skills Training on Coping Skills and Performance Strategies in High School Volleyball Players

Year 2024, , 167 - 187, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1388545

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of Psychological Skills Training (PST), which includes goal setting, imagery, relaxation, and self-talk, on high school volleyball team players in terms of athletes’ ability to cope with sportive problems and selected performance strategies. The study groups for this research were determined in two steps. In the first step, high schools in Mersin's central districts and those carrying out educational activities with the same curriculum were reviewed so that the study groups would have similar characteristics. With the purposeful sampling method, nine Anatolian High schools located in non-vocational Anatolian type-high schools and preparing for competitions in volleyball, a young female category was determined, and two of these high schools were suitable for the study. In the second step, two high school teams were assigned as experimental groups (n = 14) and control groups (n = 14) by drawing lots. The mean ages of the participants were 14.93 (SD = .730) and 15.14 (SD = .770) for the experimental and control groups, respectively. The Personal Information Form, Coping Scale with Sports Problems (ACSI-28), and Performance Strategies Test (TOPS) were used as data collection tools. In the data analysis, a two-factor ANOVA test was used for mixed measurements. As a result, it was found that PST carried out in the school environment has no effect on athletes' ability to cope with sports problems or performance strategies other than imagery in training.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma doktora tezinden üretilmiştir.

References

  • Beauchamp, P. H., Halliwell, W. R., Fournier, J. F., & Koestner, R. (1996). Effects of cognitive-behavioral psychological skills training on the motivation, preparation, and putting performance of novice golfers. The Sport Psychologist, 10(2), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.10.2.157
  • Birrer, D., & Morgan, G. (2010). Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete’s performance in high-intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(2), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01188
  • Burton, D., & Raedeke, T. D. (2008). Sport psychology for coaches. Human Kinetics.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Publication.
  • Coté, J., & Hay, J. (2002). Children’s involvement in sport: A developmental perspective. Silva, M. J., & Stevens, E. D. (Eds.), Psychological Foundations of Sport (2nd ed., pp. 484-502). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Crocker, P. R. E., Alderman, R. B., & Smith, F. M. R. (1988). Cognitive-affective stress management training with high performance youth volleyball players: Effects on affect, cognition, and performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(4), 448-460. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSEP.10.4.448
  • Curry, L., & Maniar, S. (2003). Academic course combining psychological skills training and life skills education for university students and student-athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15(3), 270-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200305384
  • Danish, S. J., Forneris, T., & Wallace, L. (2005). Sport-based life skills programming in the schools. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 21(2), 41-62. https://doi.org/10.1300/J370v21n0204
  • Davis, R. A., & Moore, C. C. (1935). Methods of measuring retention. The Journal of General Psychology, 12(1), 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1935.9920093
  • Di Corrado, D., Guarnera, M., Guerrera, C. S., Maldonato, N. M., Di Nuovo, S., Castellano, S., & Coco, M. (2020). Mental imagery skills in competitive young athletes and non athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 633. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00633
  • Elçi, G., Ağbuğa, B., Işık, U., & Öztop, E. (2013). İmgeleme çalışmasının 9-13 yaş yüzme sporcularında beceri gelişimine etkisinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 4(3), 01-17.
  • Elliott, J. A. (2003). The effects of psychological skills training on the cognitions and performance of high school softball players (Publication No. 1417837) [Master's thesis, University of Michigan State]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Erkuş, A. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma sarmalı. Seçkin Publication.
  • Foster, D., Maynard, L., Butt, J., & Hays, K. (2016). Delivery of psychological skills training to youngsters. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(1), 01-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2015.1063097
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(1), 150-170. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.150
  • Fulgham, A. (1999). Implementing a psychological skills training program in high school volleyball athletes. National Undergraduate Research Clearinghouse, 2. Available online at http://www.webclearinghouse.net/volume/. Retrieved: June/01/2020.
  • Gibert, J. N., Gilbert, W. D., Loney, B., Wahl, M., & Michel, E. (2007). Sport psychology in an urban high school: Overview of a two-year collaboration. Journal of Education, 187(1), 67-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205740718700106
  • Gill, D. L., Williams, L., & Reifsteck, E. J. (2017). Psychological dynamics of sport and exercise (4th ed.). Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Gould, D., Murphy, S., Tammen, V., & May (1991). An evaluation of U.S. Olympic sport psychology consultant effectiveness. The Sport Psychologist, 5(2), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.5.2.111
  • Goyen, M. J., & Anshel, M. H. (1998). Sources of acute competitive stress and use of coping strategies as a function of age and gender. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 19(3), 469-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-3973(99)80051-3
  • Hackfort, D., & Schwenkmezger, P. (1993). Anxiety. In R.N. Singer, M. Murphey, & L. K. Tennant (Eds.). Handbook of research on sport psychology (pp. 328-364). Macmillan Company.
  • Hanin, Y. L. (2000). Emotions in sport. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.
  • Hasırcı, S., Seiler, R. & Stock, A. (2018). Performans sporcularında zihinsel antrenman. Ertem Press.
  • Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., Goltsios, C., & Theodorakis, Y. (2008). Investigating the functions of self-talk: The effects of motivational self-talk on self-efficacy and performance in young tennis players. The Sport Psychologist, 22(4), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.22.4.458
  • Haynie, W. J. (1997). Effects of anticipation of tests on delayed retention learning. Journal of Technology Education, 9(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.21061/jte.v9i1.a.2
  • Hayslip, B., Petrie, T. A., MacIntire, M. M., & Jones, G. M. (2010). The influences of skill level, anxiety, and psychological skills use on amateur golfers’ performances. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 22(2), 123-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200903554281
  • Horn, C. M., Gilbert, J. N., Gilbert, W., & Lewis, D. K. (2011). Psychological skills training with community college athletes: The UNIFORM approach. The Sport Psychologist, 25(3), 321-340. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.25.3.321
  • Klien, T. G. (2012). Proactive coping, psychological skills, self-talk, coping self-efficacy and performance in collegiate baseball and softball athletes (Publication No. 1518653) [Master's thesis, University of Texas]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global
  • Klien, T. G. (2017). The effects of psychological skills training program on maintenance of use and self-efficacy in psychological methods (Publication No. 10602417) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida State]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Konter, E. (1998). Sporda psikolojik hazırlığın teoriği ve pratiği. Bağırgan Publication.
  • Leffingwell, T. R. (2000). Psychological skill training utilization among college athletes: An intervention an investigation of determinants. (Publication No. 9983510) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705-717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705
  • Mamassis, G., & Doganis, G. (2014). The effects of a mental training program on juniors precompetitive anxiety, self-confidence, and tennis performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(2), 118-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200490437903
  • Martens, R. (1987). Coaches guide to sport psychology. Champaign. IL Human Kinetics.
  • Martin, S. B. (2005). High school and college athletes’ attitudes toward sport psychology consulting. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(2), 127-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200590932434
  • Megs, J., & Chen, M. A. (2019). Competitive performance effects of psychological skill training for youth swimmers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 126(5), 886-903. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512519852533
  • McCarthy, P. J., Jones, V. M., Harwood, G. C., & Olivier, S. (2010). What do young athletes implicitly understand about psychological skills? Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4, 158-172. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.4.2.158
  • Miçooğulları, O. B., & Kirazcı, S. (2016). Effects of 6 weeks psychological skill training on team cohesion, self-confidence & anxiety: A case of youth basketball players. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(12), 2761-2768. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.041210
  • Özcan, V., & Günay, M. (2017). The Turkish adaptation of athletic coping skills inventory 28 (ACSI-28): The validity and reliability study. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 19(1), 130-136.
  • Özder, R. (2017). Elit askeri pentantloncuların performans değişkenlerinin araştırılması (Doctoral dissertation). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonuc
  • Papacharisis, V., Goudas, M., Danish, SJ., & Theodorakis, Y. (2005). The effectiveness of teaching a life skills program in a sport context. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(3), 247-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200591010139
  • Simonsmeier, B. A, & Buecker, S. (2016). Interrelations of imagery use, imagery ability, and performance in young athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 29(1), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1187686
  • Skvarla, L. A., & Clement, D. (2019). The delivery of a short-term psychological skills training program to college dance students a pilot study examining coping skills and injuries. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 23(4), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.12678/1089313X.23.4.159
  • Smith, R. E., Schutz, R. W., Smoll, F. L., & Ptacek, J. T. (1995). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of sport-specific psychological skills: The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(4), 379-398. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.4.379
  • Thomas, P. R., Murphy, S. M., & Hardy, L. (1999). Test of performance strategies: Development and preliminary validation of a comprehensive measure of athletes’ psychological skills. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17(9), 697-711. https://doi.org/10.10 80/026404199365560
  • Urfa, O., & Aşçı, F. H. (2018). Effect of ten weeks psychological skill training on anxiety, motivation, self-esteem, attention and shot performance of youth soccer players. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 29(3), 131-146.
  • Vealey, R. (2007). Mental skills training in sport. G. Tenenbaum, G., & Eklund, R. (Eds), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 287-309). Wiley Press.
  • Vealey, S. R. (1988). Future directions in psychological skills training. The Sport Psychologist, 2, 318-336. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2.4.318
  • Visek, J. A., Harris, S. B., & Blom, C. L. (2013). Mental training with youth sport teams: Developmental considerations and best practice recommendations. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 4(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2012.733910
  • Walter, N., Nikoleizig, L., & Alfermann, D. (2019). Effects of self-talk training on competitive anxiety, self-efficacy, volitional skills, and performance: an intervention study with junior sub-elite athletes. Sports, 7(148), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060148
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2019). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (7th ed.). Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Weismann, M. (2005). Development and implementation of a sport psychology program in an urban high school. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 21(2), 89-113. https://doi.org/10.1300/J370v21n02_06
  • Weiss, M. R. (1991). Psychological skill development in children and adolescents. The Sport Psychologist, 5(4), 335-354. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.5.4.335
  • Weiss, M. R. (2011). Teach the children well: A holistic approach to developing psychosocial and behavioral competencies through physical education. Quest, 63(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2011.10483663
  • Wild, R. (2001). The effects of a psychological skills training program on selected psychological characteristics of high school ice hockey players (Publication No. 3029116) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2001). Stress and anxiety. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, and C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology (pp. 290-318). Wiley Press.
Year 2024, , 167 - 187, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1388545

Abstract

References

  • Beauchamp, P. H., Halliwell, W. R., Fournier, J. F., & Koestner, R. (1996). Effects of cognitive-behavioral psychological skills training on the motivation, preparation, and putting performance of novice golfers. The Sport Psychologist, 10(2), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.10.2.157
  • Birrer, D., & Morgan, G. (2010). Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete’s performance in high-intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(2), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01188
  • Burton, D., & Raedeke, T. D. (2008). Sport psychology for coaches. Human Kinetics.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Publication.
  • Coté, J., & Hay, J. (2002). Children’s involvement in sport: A developmental perspective. Silva, M. J., & Stevens, E. D. (Eds.), Psychological Foundations of Sport (2nd ed., pp. 484-502). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Crocker, P. R. E., Alderman, R. B., & Smith, F. M. R. (1988). Cognitive-affective stress management training with high performance youth volleyball players: Effects on affect, cognition, and performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(4), 448-460. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSEP.10.4.448
  • Curry, L., & Maniar, S. (2003). Academic course combining psychological skills training and life skills education for university students and student-athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15(3), 270-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200305384
  • Danish, S. J., Forneris, T., & Wallace, L. (2005). Sport-based life skills programming in the schools. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 21(2), 41-62. https://doi.org/10.1300/J370v21n0204
  • Davis, R. A., & Moore, C. C. (1935). Methods of measuring retention. The Journal of General Psychology, 12(1), 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1935.9920093
  • Di Corrado, D., Guarnera, M., Guerrera, C. S., Maldonato, N. M., Di Nuovo, S., Castellano, S., & Coco, M. (2020). Mental imagery skills in competitive young athletes and non athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 633. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00633
  • Elçi, G., Ağbuğa, B., Işık, U., & Öztop, E. (2013). İmgeleme çalışmasının 9-13 yaş yüzme sporcularında beceri gelişimine etkisinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 4(3), 01-17.
  • Elliott, J. A. (2003). The effects of psychological skills training on the cognitions and performance of high school softball players (Publication No. 1417837) [Master's thesis, University of Michigan State]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Erkuş, A. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma sarmalı. Seçkin Publication.
  • Foster, D., Maynard, L., Butt, J., & Hays, K. (2016). Delivery of psychological skills training to youngsters. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(1), 01-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2015.1063097
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(1), 150-170. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.150
  • Fulgham, A. (1999). Implementing a psychological skills training program in high school volleyball athletes. National Undergraduate Research Clearinghouse, 2. Available online at http://www.webclearinghouse.net/volume/. Retrieved: June/01/2020.
  • Gibert, J. N., Gilbert, W. D., Loney, B., Wahl, M., & Michel, E. (2007). Sport psychology in an urban high school: Overview of a two-year collaboration. Journal of Education, 187(1), 67-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205740718700106
  • Gill, D. L., Williams, L., & Reifsteck, E. J. (2017). Psychological dynamics of sport and exercise (4th ed.). Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Gould, D., Murphy, S., Tammen, V., & May (1991). An evaluation of U.S. Olympic sport psychology consultant effectiveness. The Sport Psychologist, 5(2), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.5.2.111
  • Goyen, M. J., & Anshel, M. H. (1998). Sources of acute competitive stress and use of coping strategies as a function of age and gender. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 19(3), 469-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-3973(99)80051-3
  • Hackfort, D., & Schwenkmezger, P. (1993). Anxiety. In R.N. Singer, M. Murphey, & L. K. Tennant (Eds.). Handbook of research on sport psychology (pp. 328-364). Macmillan Company.
  • Hanin, Y. L. (2000). Emotions in sport. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.
  • Hasırcı, S., Seiler, R. & Stock, A. (2018). Performans sporcularında zihinsel antrenman. Ertem Press.
  • Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., Goltsios, C., & Theodorakis, Y. (2008). Investigating the functions of self-talk: The effects of motivational self-talk on self-efficacy and performance in young tennis players. The Sport Psychologist, 22(4), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.22.4.458
  • Haynie, W. J. (1997). Effects of anticipation of tests on delayed retention learning. Journal of Technology Education, 9(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.21061/jte.v9i1.a.2
  • Hayslip, B., Petrie, T. A., MacIntire, M. M., & Jones, G. M. (2010). The influences of skill level, anxiety, and psychological skills use on amateur golfers’ performances. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 22(2), 123-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200903554281
  • Horn, C. M., Gilbert, J. N., Gilbert, W., & Lewis, D. K. (2011). Psychological skills training with community college athletes: The UNIFORM approach. The Sport Psychologist, 25(3), 321-340. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.25.3.321
  • Klien, T. G. (2012). Proactive coping, psychological skills, self-talk, coping self-efficacy and performance in collegiate baseball and softball athletes (Publication No. 1518653) [Master's thesis, University of Texas]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global
  • Klien, T. G. (2017). The effects of psychological skills training program on maintenance of use and self-efficacy in psychological methods (Publication No. 10602417) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida State]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Konter, E. (1998). Sporda psikolojik hazırlığın teoriği ve pratiği. Bağırgan Publication.
  • Leffingwell, T. R. (2000). Psychological skill training utilization among college athletes: An intervention an investigation of determinants. (Publication No. 9983510) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705-717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705
  • Mamassis, G., & Doganis, G. (2014). The effects of a mental training program on juniors precompetitive anxiety, self-confidence, and tennis performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(2), 118-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200490437903
  • Martens, R. (1987). Coaches guide to sport psychology. Champaign. IL Human Kinetics.
  • Martin, S. B. (2005). High school and college athletes’ attitudes toward sport psychology consulting. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(2), 127-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200590932434
  • Megs, J., & Chen, M. A. (2019). Competitive performance effects of psychological skill training for youth swimmers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 126(5), 886-903. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512519852533
  • McCarthy, P. J., Jones, V. M., Harwood, G. C., & Olivier, S. (2010). What do young athletes implicitly understand about psychological skills? Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4, 158-172. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.4.2.158
  • Miçooğulları, O. B., & Kirazcı, S. (2016). Effects of 6 weeks psychological skill training on team cohesion, self-confidence & anxiety: A case of youth basketball players. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(12), 2761-2768. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.041210
  • Özcan, V., & Günay, M. (2017). The Turkish adaptation of athletic coping skills inventory 28 (ACSI-28): The validity and reliability study. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 19(1), 130-136.
  • Özder, R. (2017). Elit askeri pentantloncuların performans değişkenlerinin araştırılması (Doctoral dissertation). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonuc
  • Papacharisis, V., Goudas, M., Danish, SJ., & Theodorakis, Y. (2005). The effectiveness of teaching a life skills program in a sport context. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(3), 247-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200591010139
  • Simonsmeier, B. A, & Buecker, S. (2016). Interrelations of imagery use, imagery ability, and performance in young athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 29(1), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1187686
  • Skvarla, L. A., & Clement, D. (2019). The delivery of a short-term psychological skills training program to college dance students a pilot study examining coping skills and injuries. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 23(4), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.12678/1089313X.23.4.159
  • Smith, R. E., Schutz, R. W., Smoll, F. L., & Ptacek, J. T. (1995). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of sport-specific psychological skills: The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(4), 379-398. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.4.379
  • Thomas, P. R., Murphy, S. M., & Hardy, L. (1999). Test of performance strategies: Development and preliminary validation of a comprehensive measure of athletes’ psychological skills. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17(9), 697-711. https://doi.org/10.10 80/026404199365560
  • Urfa, O., & Aşçı, F. H. (2018). Effect of ten weeks psychological skill training on anxiety, motivation, self-esteem, attention and shot performance of youth soccer players. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 29(3), 131-146.
  • Vealey, R. (2007). Mental skills training in sport. G. Tenenbaum, G., & Eklund, R. (Eds), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 287-309). Wiley Press.
  • Vealey, S. R. (1988). Future directions in psychological skills training. The Sport Psychologist, 2, 318-336. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2.4.318
  • Visek, J. A., Harris, S. B., & Blom, C. L. (2013). Mental training with youth sport teams: Developmental considerations and best practice recommendations. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 4(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2012.733910
  • Walter, N., Nikoleizig, L., & Alfermann, D. (2019). Effects of self-talk training on competitive anxiety, self-efficacy, volitional skills, and performance: an intervention study with junior sub-elite athletes. Sports, 7(148), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060148
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2019). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (7th ed.). Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Weismann, M. (2005). Development and implementation of a sport psychology program in an urban high school. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 21(2), 89-113. https://doi.org/10.1300/J370v21n02_06
  • Weiss, M. R. (1991). Psychological skill development in children and adolescents. The Sport Psychologist, 5(4), 335-354. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.5.4.335
  • Weiss, M. R. (2011). Teach the children well: A holistic approach to developing psychosocial and behavioral competencies through physical education. Quest, 63(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2011.10483663
  • Wild, R. (2001). The effects of a psychological skills training program on selected psychological characteristics of high school ice hockey players (Publication No. 3029116) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2001). Stress and anxiety. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, and C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology (pp. 290-318). Wiley Press.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sport and Exercise Psychology
Journal Section Social & Behavioral Sciences
Authors

Ersin Ballıkaya 0000-0002-1432-0297

Leyla Saraç 0000-0002-8593-6873

Publication Date April 29, 2024
Submission Date November 9, 2023
Acceptance Date April 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Ballıkaya, E., & Saraç, L. (2024). The Effect of 12-Week Psychological Skills Training on Coping Skills and Performance Strategies in High School Volleyball Players. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 15(1), 167-187. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1388545