Impact of Multiple Modes of Visual Occlusion on Static and Dynamic Postural Control

Serkan Uzlaşır; Mücahit Işık; Mehmet Yavuz; İsmail Çalıkuşu; Erhan Işıkdemir

doi:10.54141/psbd.1828078

Impact of Multiple Modes of Visual Occlusion on Static and Dynamic Postural Control

Abstract

Stroboscopic vision (SV) is a novel modality that modulates visual input and can impair postural control due to the resulting visual occlusion. SV tools have multiple levels of visual occlusion (i.e. difficulty) but our understanding of how both instrumented and clinical measures of postural control are impacted by different modes of visual occlusion remain extremely limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different modes of SV on instrumented and clinical measures of static and dynamic balance. Three-dimensional ground reaction forces were recorded during both the jump and dominant single-leg balance tasks using a portable Kistler force plate (9286BA; Kistler Instrument Corp, Novi, MI) at a sampling rate of 1200 Hz. Thirty-four healthy individuals performed a single limb static balance task under six visual conditions: eyes open (EO), Mode A, Mode B, Mode C, and Mode D, and eyes closed (EC). SV operated in four modes: both lenses strobing (Mode A), left lens strobing with the right lens opaque (Mode B), right lens strobing with the left lens opaque (Mode C), and alternating strobing between lenses to disrupt binocular vision (Mode D). Static balance was assessed using force plate–derived center of pressure (COP) metrics, including COP velocity and 95% confidence ellipse area, whereas dynamic balance was quantified using the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI) and its directional components. All modes of SV resulted in significantly worse objective static postural control and velocity relative to the EO condition (p < .001). No differences were noted among levels of SV (p > .05) for dynamic postural control. All modes of visual occlusion impair static postural control, but the magnitude of the impairment depends on the outcome measure used. However, these modes did not impair dynamic postural control. In conclusion, it can be stated that different stroboscopic modes have distinct effects on static and dynamic postural control.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This trial was approved by the Ethics Committee at Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University (NEVU) , Turkey (Approval date:16.12.2024, Decision no: 2024.07.06). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the NEVU Ethics Committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Motor Control

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Serkan Uzlaşır ^*
0000-0003-1436-8706
Türkiye

Mücahit Işık
0000-0002-9172-0104
Türkiye

Mehmet Yavuz
0000-0001-6096-2197
Türkiye

İsmail Çalıkuşu
0000-0002-6640-7917
Türkiye

Erhan Işıkdemir
0000-0002-4443-2222
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

August 4, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

November 21, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1828078

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA94HK25BS

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Uzlaşır, S., Işık, M., Yavuz, M., Çalıkuşu, İ., & Işıkdemir, E. (2026). Impact of Multiple Modes of Visual Occlusion on Static and Dynamic Postural Control. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1828078

AMA

1.Uzlaşır S, Işık M, Yavuz M, Çalıkuşu İ, Işıkdemir E. Impact of Multiple Modes of Visual Occlusion on Static and Dynamic Postural Control. Pamukkale J Sport Sci. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.54141/psbd.1828078

Chicago

Uzlaşır, Serkan, Mücahit Işık, Mehmet Yavuz, İsmail Çalıkuşu, and Erhan Işıkdemir. 2026. “Impact of Multiple Modes of Visual Occlusion on Static and Dynamic Postural Control”. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, no. Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1828078.

EndNote

Uzlaşır S, Işık M, Yavuz M, Çalıkuşu İ, Işıkdemir E (August 1, 2026) Impact of Multiple Modes of Visual Occlusion on Static and Dynamic Postural Control. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences Advanced Online Publication

IEEE

[1]S. Uzlaşır, M. Işık, M. Yavuz, İ. Çalıkuşu, and E. Işıkdemir, “Impact of Multiple Modes of Visual Occlusion on Static and Dynamic Postural Control”, Pamukkale J Sport Sci, no. Advanced Online Publication, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.54141/psbd.1828078.

ISNAD

Uzlaşır, Serkan - Işık, Mücahit - Yavuz, Mehmet - Çalıkuşu, İsmail - Işıkdemir, Erhan. “Impact of Multiple Modes of Visual Occlusion on Static and Dynamic Postural Control”. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences. Advanced Online Publication (August 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1828078.

JAMA

1.Uzlaşır S, Işık M, Yavuz M, Çalıkuşu İ, Işıkdemir E. Impact of Multiple Modes of Visual Occlusion on Static and Dynamic Postural Control. Pamukkale J Sport Sci. 2026. doi:10.54141/psbd.1828078.

MLA

Uzlaşır, Serkan, et al. “Impact of Multiple Modes of Visual Occlusion on Static and Dynamic Postural Control”. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, no. Advanced Online Publication, Aug. 2026, doi:10.54141/psbd.1828078.

Vancouver

1.Serkan Uzlaşır, Mücahit Işık, Mehmet Yavuz, İsmail Çalıkuşu, Erhan Işıkdemir. Impact of Multiple Modes of Visual Occlusion on Static and Dynamic Postural Control. Pamukkale J Sport Sci. 2026 Aug. 1;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.54141/psbd.1828078