Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Awe as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Camping Experiences

Halime Dinç

doi:10.54141/psbd.1858653

Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Awe as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Camping Experiences

Abstract

Research on the effects of recreational experiences on individuals’ mindfulness, spirituality, awe, and psychological well-being has increased substantially in recent years. However, empirical studies examining the relationships among these constructs remain limited, particularly within the context of nature-based camping experiences. Accordingly, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of mindfulness, spirituality, and awe on the psychological well-being of individuals who engage in camping activities in natural settings. The secondary aim is to examine the mediating roles of spirituality and awe in the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being within the camping context. Data were collected from 301 individuals with prior camping experience using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Established and psychometrically validated scales measuring mindfulness, spirituality, awe, and psychological well-being were adapted for the camping-experience context. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the measurement model, and the results indicated satisfactory model fit, as well as adequate validity and reliability. Following the CFA, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed research model and hypothesized relationships. The results showed that five of the six direct hypotheses were supported. In addition, mediation analyses demonstrated that spirituality and awe mediated the relationships between mindfulness and psychological well-being, and between spirituality and psychological well-being. These findings extend the literature on mindfulness, spirituality, awe, and psychological well-being to the underexplored context of camping experiences and offer practical implications for enhancing individual well-being and for informing the design of nature-based recreational environments.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Social and Humanities Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee of Afyon Kocatepe University (Date: 17.09.2025, Decision Number: 2025/309).

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Sports and Recreation

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Halime Dinç ^*
0000-0002-2391-5508
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

July 31, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

January 7, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 4, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1858653

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA29MU98AK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Dinç, H. (2026). Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Awe as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Camping Experiences. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1858653

AMA

1.Dinç H. Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Awe as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Camping Experiences. Pamukkale J Sport Sci. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.54141/psbd.1858653

Chicago

Dinç, Halime. 2026. “Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Awe As Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Camping Experiences”. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, no. Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1858653.

EndNote

Dinç H (July 1, 2026) Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Awe as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Camping Experiences. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences Advanced Online Publication

IEEE

[1]H. Dinç, “Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Awe as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Camping Experiences”, Pamukkale J Sport Sci, no. Advanced Online Publication, July 2026, doi: 10.54141/psbd.1858653.

ISNAD

Dinç, Halime. “Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Awe As Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Camping Experiences”. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences. Advanced Online Publication (July 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1858653.

JAMA

1.Dinç H. Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Awe as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Camping Experiences. Pamukkale J Sport Sci. 2026. doi:10.54141/psbd.1858653.

MLA

Dinç, Halime. “Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Awe As Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Camping Experiences”. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, no. Advanced Online Publication, July 2026, doi:10.54141/psbd.1858653.

Vancouver

1.Halime Dinç. Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Awe as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Camping Experiences. Pamukkale J Sport Sci. 2026 Jul. 1;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.54141/psbd.1858653