Research Article
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Physical activity and physical fitness levels of convicts/detainees remaining in closed penalty execution institutions

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 28 - 41, 15.09.2020

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the levels of physical activity and physical fitness of convicts/detainees in Gaziantep L Type Closed Penal Execution Institution differ according to the age and length of the sentence and their relationship with the time spent in prison. Overall, 463 male convicts/detainees participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 30.05 (SD= 8.66). The Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire and Physical Fitness Questionnaire were used to collect data. Within the scope of the research, the necessary ethics committee approval and permissions were obtained from official institutions before data was collected. Only volunteer convicts/detainees were included in the research. In terms of research findings, a difference was found between the physical activity levels of convicts/detainees between age groups that the physical activity level of convicts/detainees aged 30 and lower was higher than those of convicts/detainees aged 41 and older, but the level of physical activity of convicts/detainees aged between 31-40 was similar to that of the other two age groups. The physical activity levels of the convicts/detainees did not make any difference in terms of the length of the penalty received. In general, physical activity level of convicts/detainees was found as "active" (30 years old and below) and "moderately active" (31-40 years old, 41 years old and above). It was found that the physical fitness level decreased with increasing age. Physical fitness levels of younger convicts/detainees were higher. In terms of the sentence period received, the level of physical activity showed a difference, and the physical fitness level of the convicts/detainees, whose sentence was 10 years or less, were found to be higher than those of 11-20 years or more. However, in general, physical fitness levels of convicts/detainees emerged as “inactive”. While the findings obtained showed high levels of physical activity based on the statements of convicts/detainees, they do not indicate the same positive finding at the level of physical fitness. For this reason, it is recommended to conduct more research on physical fitness and physical activity levels of convicts/detainees and to examine them with different samples.

Supporting Institution

Mersin University

Project Number

This study was supported by the Research Fund of Mersin University in Turkey with Project Number: 2017-2-TP2-2550

References

  • Amtmann, J. (2001). Physical activity and inmate health. Corrections Compendium, 26(11), 6-9.
  • Blair, S. N., Cheng, Y., & Holder, J. S. (2001). Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits?. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6 Suppl), S379-399.
  • Cashin, A., Potter, E., & Butler, T. (2008). The relationship between exercise and hopelessness in prison. Journal Of Psychiatric And Mental Health Nursing, 15(1), 66-71.
  • Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126-131.
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health, Geneva.
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2014). Prisons and health. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/249188/Prisons-and-Health.pdf
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2018a). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health: Physical inactivity: A Global Health Problem. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_inactivity/en/
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2018b). Noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors: Physical activity. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ncds/prevention/physical-activity/introduction/en/
  • Faff, J. (2004). Physical activity, physical fitness, and longevity. Biology of Sport, 21(1), 3-24.
  • Fazel, S., & Baillargeon, J. (2011). The health of prisoners. The Lancet, 377(9769), 956–965.
  • Fischer, J., Butt, C., Dawes, H., Foster, C., Neale, J., Plugge, E., ... & Wright, N. (2012). Fitness levels and physical activity among class A drug users entering prison. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46, 1142-1144.
  • Fraenkel, J., Wallen, N., & Hyun, H. (2011). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Frey, J. H., & Delaney, T. (1996). The role of leisure participation in prison: A report from consumers. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 23(1-2), 79-89.
  • Godin, G. (2011). The Godin-Shephard leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, 4(1), 18-22.
  • Godin, G., & Shephard, R. J. (1997). Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Supplement: S36-S38.
  • Godin, G. & Shephard, R. J. (1985). A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, 10(3), 141-146.
  • Hardman, A. E., & Stensel, D. J. (2003). Physical activity and health: The evidence explained. London: Routledge.
  • Herbert, K., Plugge, E., Foster, C., ve Doll, H. (2012). Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in prison populations worldwide: A systematic review. The Lancet, 379, 1975-1982.
  • Lagarrigue, A., Ajana, S., Capuron, L., Féart, C., & Moisan, M. P. (2017). Obesity in French inmates: gender differences and relationship with mood, eating behavior and physical activity. PloS one, 12(1), e0170413.
  • Mannocci, A., Masala, D., Mipatrini, D., Rizzo, J., Meggiolaro, S., Di Thiene, D., & La Torre, G. (2015). The relationship between physical activity and quality of life in prisoners: a pilot study. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 56(4), E172-E175.
  • Mannocci, A., Mipatrini, D., D’egidio, V., Rizzo, J., Meggiolaro, S., Firenze, A., ... & Masala, D. (2017). Health related quality of life and physical activity in prison: a multicenter observational study in Italy. The European Journal of Public Health, 28(3), 570-576.
  • Ministry of Justice (2020). Ceza İnfaz Kurumlarının Yönetimi ile Ceza ve Güvenlik Tedbirlerinin İnfazı Hakkında Yönetmelik, Sayı: 2324, Resmi Gazete, Sayı: 31083, 29 Mart 2020.
  • National Audit Office (2006). HM Prison Service. Serving Time: Prisoner Diet and Exercise. Report by the Comproller and Auditor General. HC 939 Session 2005-2006.
  • Nauman, J., Nes, B. M., Lavie, C. J., Jackson, A. S., Sui, X., Coombes, J. S., ... & Wisløff, U. (2017, February). Prediction of cardiovascular mortality by estimated cardiorespiratory fitness independent of traditional risk factors: the HUNT study. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 92(2), 218-227.
  • Nauman, J., Tauschek, L. C., Kaminsky, L. A., Nes, B. M., & Wisløff, U. (2017). Global fitness levels: findings from a web-based surveillance report. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 60(1), 78-88.
  • Nes, B. M., Janszky, I., Vatten, L. J., Nilsen, T. I., Aspenes, S. T., & Wisloff, U. (2011). Estimating VO 2peak from a nonexercise prediction model: the HUNT Study, Norway. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(11), 2024-2030.
  • Nes, B. M., Vatten, L. J., Nauman, J., Janszky, I., & Wisløff, U. (2014). A simple nonexercise model of cardiorespiratory fitness predicts long-term mortality. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46(6), 1159-1165.
  • Netz, Y., Wu, M. J., Becker, B. J., & Tenenbaum, G. (2005). Physical activity and psychological well-being in advanced age: a meta-analysis of intervention studies. Psychology and Aging, 20(2), 272-284.
  • Olaitan, S. A., Shmaila, H., Sikiru, L., & Lawal, I. U. (2010). Correlates of selected indices of physical fitness and duration of incarceration among inmates in some selected Nigeria prisons. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 20(1), 65-69.
  • Oyeyemi, A. Y., Jabbo, A. A., Oyeyemi, A. L., & Aliyu, H. N. (2015). Cardiorespiratory fitness of inmates of a maximum security prison in Nigeria. African Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 7(1-2), 40-45.
  • Özalp, H., & Algun, C., (2013). Mahkûm ve mahkûm olmayan 60 yaş üzeri erkeklerde denge ve fiziksel performansın karşılaştırılması. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 24(1), 47-53.
  • Paffenbarger Jr, R. S., Hyde, R., Wing, A. L., & Hsieh, C. C. (1986). Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. New England Journal of Medicine, 314(10), 605-613.
  • Paluska, S. A., & Schwenk, T. L. (2000). Physical activity and mental health. Sports Medicine, 29(3), 167-180.
  • Plowman, S. A., & Smith, D. L. (2008). Exercise physiology for health fitness and performance. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Saygın, E., Karacabey, K., & Saygın, Ö. (2011). Çocuklarda fiziksel aktivite ve fiziksel uygunluk unsurlarının araştırılması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 921-35.
  • Warburton, D. E., Nicol, C. W., & Bredin, S. S. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174(6), 801-809.
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health, Geneva.
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2014). Prisons and health. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/249188/Prisons-and-Health.pdf
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2018a). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health: Physical inactivity: A Global Health Problem. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_inactivity/en/
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2018b). Noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors: Physical activity. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ncds/prevention/physical-activity/introduction/en/
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2018c). Physical activity. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
  • Yerlisu Lapa, T. & Yağar, G. (2015). Serbest zaman egzersiz anketinin türkçe geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri, Turizm ve Rekreasyon Öğrenci Kongresi, 28-30 Mayıs 2015, Afyon-Türkiye.
  • Yılmaz, B., & Hazar, S. (2004). Cezaevlerinde beden eğitimi müfredat programının uygulanma düzeyi ve tutuklu ve hükümlülerin beden eğitimi faaliyetlerine katılımları. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1-14.
Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 28 - 41, 15.09.2020

Abstract

Project Number

This study was supported by the Research Fund of Mersin University in Turkey with Project Number: 2017-2-TP2-2550

References

  • Amtmann, J. (2001). Physical activity and inmate health. Corrections Compendium, 26(11), 6-9.
  • Blair, S. N., Cheng, Y., & Holder, J. S. (2001). Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits?. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6 Suppl), S379-399.
  • Cashin, A., Potter, E., & Butler, T. (2008). The relationship between exercise and hopelessness in prison. Journal Of Psychiatric And Mental Health Nursing, 15(1), 66-71.
  • Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126-131.
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health, Geneva.
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2014). Prisons and health. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/249188/Prisons-and-Health.pdf
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2018a). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health: Physical inactivity: A Global Health Problem. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_inactivity/en/
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2018b). Noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors: Physical activity. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ncds/prevention/physical-activity/introduction/en/
  • Faff, J. (2004). Physical activity, physical fitness, and longevity. Biology of Sport, 21(1), 3-24.
  • Fazel, S., & Baillargeon, J. (2011). The health of prisoners. The Lancet, 377(9769), 956–965.
  • Fischer, J., Butt, C., Dawes, H., Foster, C., Neale, J., Plugge, E., ... & Wright, N. (2012). Fitness levels and physical activity among class A drug users entering prison. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46, 1142-1144.
  • Fraenkel, J., Wallen, N., & Hyun, H. (2011). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Frey, J. H., & Delaney, T. (1996). The role of leisure participation in prison: A report from consumers. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 23(1-2), 79-89.
  • Godin, G. (2011). The Godin-Shephard leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, 4(1), 18-22.
  • Godin, G., & Shephard, R. J. (1997). Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Supplement: S36-S38.
  • Godin, G. & Shephard, R. J. (1985). A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, 10(3), 141-146.
  • Hardman, A. E., & Stensel, D. J. (2003). Physical activity and health: The evidence explained. London: Routledge.
  • Herbert, K., Plugge, E., Foster, C., ve Doll, H. (2012). Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in prison populations worldwide: A systematic review. The Lancet, 379, 1975-1982.
  • Lagarrigue, A., Ajana, S., Capuron, L., Féart, C., & Moisan, M. P. (2017). Obesity in French inmates: gender differences and relationship with mood, eating behavior and physical activity. PloS one, 12(1), e0170413.
  • Mannocci, A., Masala, D., Mipatrini, D., Rizzo, J., Meggiolaro, S., Di Thiene, D., & La Torre, G. (2015). The relationship between physical activity and quality of life in prisoners: a pilot study. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 56(4), E172-E175.
  • Mannocci, A., Mipatrini, D., D’egidio, V., Rizzo, J., Meggiolaro, S., Firenze, A., ... & Masala, D. (2017). Health related quality of life and physical activity in prison: a multicenter observational study in Italy. The European Journal of Public Health, 28(3), 570-576.
  • Ministry of Justice (2020). Ceza İnfaz Kurumlarının Yönetimi ile Ceza ve Güvenlik Tedbirlerinin İnfazı Hakkında Yönetmelik, Sayı: 2324, Resmi Gazete, Sayı: 31083, 29 Mart 2020.
  • National Audit Office (2006). HM Prison Service. Serving Time: Prisoner Diet and Exercise. Report by the Comproller and Auditor General. HC 939 Session 2005-2006.
  • Nauman, J., Nes, B. M., Lavie, C. J., Jackson, A. S., Sui, X., Coombes, J. S., ... & Wisløff, U. (2017, February). Prediction of cardiovascular mortality by estimated cardiorespiratory fitness independent of traditional risk factors: the HUNT study. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 92(2), 218-227.
  • Nauman, J., Tauschek, L. C., Kaminsky, L. A., Nes, B. M., & Wisløff, U. (2017). Global fitness levels: findings from a web-based surveillance report. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 60(1), 78-88.
  • Nes, B. M., Janszky, I., Vatten, L. J., Nilsen, T. I., Aspenes, S. T., & Wisloff, U. (2011). Estimating VO 2peak from a nonexercise prediction model: the HUNT Study, Norway. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(11), 2024-2030.
  • Nes, B. M., Vatten, L. J., Nauman, J., Janszky, I., & Wisløff, U. (2014). A simple nonexercise model of cardiorespiratory fitness predicts long-term mortality. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46(6), 1159-1165.
  • Netz, Y., Wu, M. J., Becker, B. J., & Tenenbaum, G. (2005). Physical activity and psychological well-being in advanced age: a meta-analysis of intervention studies. Psychology and Aging, 20(2), 272-284.
  • Olaitan, S. A., Shmaila, H., Sikiru, L., & Lawal, I. U. (2010). Correlates of selected indices of physical fitness and duration of incarceration among inmates in some selected Nigeria prisons. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 20(1), 65-69.
  • Oyeyemi, A. Y., Jabbo, A. A., Oyeyemi, A. L., & Aliyu, H. N. (2015). Cardiorespiratory fitness of inmates of a maximum security prison in Nigeria. African Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 7(1-2), 40-45.
  • Özalp, H., & Algun, C., (2013). Mahkûm ve mahkûm olmayan 60 yaş üzeri erkeklerde denge ve fiziksel performansın karşılaştırılması. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 24(1), 47-53.
  • Paffenbarger Jr, R. S., Hyde, R., Wing, A. L., & Hsieh, C. C. (1986). Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. New England Journal of Medicine, 314(10), 605-613.
  • Paluska, S. A., & Schwenk, T. L. (2000). Physical activity and mental health. Sports Medicine, 29(3), 167-180.
  • Plowman, S. A., & Smith, D. L. (2008). Exercise physiology for health fitness and performance. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Saygın, E., Karacabey, K., & Saygın, Ö. (2011). Çocuklarda fiziksel aktivite ve fiziksel uygunluk unsurlarının araştırılması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 921-35.
  • Warburton, D. E., Nicol, C. W., & Bredin, S. S. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174(6), 801-809.
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health, Geneva.
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2014). Prisons and health. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/249188/Prisons-and-Health.pdf
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2018a). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health: Physical inactivity: A Global Health Problem. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_inactivity/en/
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2018b). Noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors: Physical activity. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ncds/prevention/physical-activity/introduction/en/
  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2018c). Physical activity. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
  • Yerlisu Lapa, T. & Yağar, G. (2015). Serbest zaman egzersiz anketinin türkçe geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri, Turizm ve Rekreasyon Öğrenci Kongresi, 28-30 Mayıs 2015, Afyon-Türkiye.
  • Yılmaz, B., & Hazar, S. (2004). Cezaevlerinde beden eğitimi müfredat programının uygulanma düzeyi ve tutuklu ve hükümlülerin beden eğitimi faaliyetlerine katılımları. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1-14.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section MOVEMENT AND TRAINING
Authors

Fikret Aksoy This is me

Leyla Saraç

Project Number This study was supported by the Research Fund of Mersin University in Turkey with Project Number: 2017-2-TP2-2550
Publication Date September 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aksoy, F., & Saraç, L. (2020). Physical activity and physical fitness levels of convicts/detainees remaining in closed penalty execution institutions. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 11(3), 28-41.