Effect of injection timing on performance and emissions of a CRDI diesel engine using biodiesel-n-octanol blend fuel
Abstract
Interest in renewable fuel sources continues to grow daily for achieving sustainable energy and environmental protection. The largest share of energy consumption occurs in agriculture, industry, and transportation sectors. Consequently, these sectors also contribute significantly to environmental damage. Diesel engines are widely used in these industries. Since they operate on fossil-based fuels, they emit substantial amounts of harmful emissions into the environment. Biodiesel serves as an excellent alternative fuel for these engines. It can be produced from various waste oils and vegetable oils. Biodiesel can be considered an environmentally friendly fuel both for its role in waste oil disposal and its production from plant-derived oils. This study investigated the effects of biodiesel produced from waste oils and its blend with n-octanol on engine performance and emissions. Tests were conducted at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm under two different injection timings and four load conditions (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). At standard injection timing, B100 demonstrated better engine performance and lower exhaust emission values compared to B95O5. When injection timing was advanced with B100, engine performance decreased while exhaust emissions increased. However, with B95O5 test fuel, advancing the injection timing improved both engine performance and exhaust emissions.
Keywords
References
- M. Kumar, S. Bhowmik, ve A. Paul, “Effect of pilot fuel injection pressure and injection timing on combustion, performance and emission of hydrogen-biodiesel dual fuel engine”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 68, pp. 29554-29567, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.260.
- H. Söyler, “Boost pressure influence on combustion, emission characteristics, and performance of diesel engines with various fuel types”, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, vol. 63, no. x, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101983.
- S. Sen ve M. B. Çelik, “Modeling the effect of plastic oil obtained from XLPE cable waste on diesel engine performance and emission parameters with the response surface method”, Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET), vol. 79, 2024, doi: 10.2516/stet/2024059.
- S. Kanth, S. Debbarma, ve B. Das, “Experimental investigations on the effect of fuel injection parameters on diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blend in diesel with hydrogen enrichment”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 83, pp. 35468-35483, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.095.
- H. Söyler, M. K. Balki, ve C. Sayin, “Determination of optimum parameters for esterification in high free fatty acid olive oil and ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production”, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, vol. 13, no. 13, pp. 12043-12056, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s13399-021-01976-y.
- C. Srinidhi vd., “Effect of fuel injection timing on CI engine fuelled with neem biodiesel blends–a comparative study of experimental and numerical simulation”, International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 395-406, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s40095-021-00429-6.
- M. Temur, C. Sayin, ve I. T. Yilmaz, “Performance , and Emission Characteristics of an RCCI Engine”, 2024.
- A. I. EL-Seesy, M. S. Waly, Z. He, H. M. El-Batsh, A. Nasser, ve R. M. El-Zoheiry, “Influence of quaternary combinations of biodiesel/methanol/n-octanol/diethyl ether from waste cooking oil on combustion, emission, and stability aspects of a diesel engine”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 240, no. 301, pp. 114268, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114268.
- J. Li, Y. Liang, S. Wang, S. Wu, W. Yang, ve R. Liu, “Blending n-octanol with biodiesel for more efficient and cleaner combustion in diesel engines: A modeling study”, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 403, no. December 2022, s. 136877, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136877.
- T. Xuan vd., “An optical study on spray and combustion characteristics of ternary hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel/methanol/n-octanol blends; part П: Liquid length and in-flame soot”, Energy, vol. 227, no. 120543, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120543.