Psikoterapilerde İlk Görüşmenin Öneminin İncelenmesi

Öz

Psikoterapi yaklaşımları ve teknikleri farklı olsa da birçok yaklaşım için ilk seans önemlidir. İlk seans birçok şeyin kararlaştırıldığı, belirlendiği ve tanışmanın olduğu görüşmedir. Buna karşın literatürde yapılan çalışmalar terapiyi bırakma oranlarının en fazla ilk görüşmede olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamdan bakıldığında ilk görüşme terapi sürecinin geleceği ile ilgili birçok farklı faktör açısından belirleyici olmaktadır. İlk görüşmede terapist ile danışan arasındaki hiyerarşinin eşitlenmesi terapötik ilişkinin daha güçlü olması açısından önemli olmaktadır. Bu çerçevede içten bir karşılama, etkili ama merkezde olmayan terapistin saygılı bir merak ile danışanın hayat hikayelerini konuşması ve görüşmelerin ilerlemesi hakkında genel bilgilendirmeler ilk görüşmenin temel konuları olmaktadır. Bu kapsamda derlemenin amacı psikoterapilerde ilk görüşmelerin önemini incelemek ve tartışmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Terapötik ilişki
• psikoterapi
• terapist
• danışan

Kaynakça

1. Baekeland, F., & Lundwall, L. (1975). Dropping out of treatment: a critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 82(5), 738.
2. Barrett, M. S., Chua, W. J., Crits-Christoph, P., Gibbons, M. B., & Thompson, D. (2008). Early withdrawal from mental health treatment: Implications for psychotherapy practice. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45(2), 247.
3. Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 16(3), 252.
4. Chiesa, M., Wright, M., & Neeld, R. (2003). A description of an audit cycle of early dropouts from an inpatient psychotherapy unit. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 17(2), 138-149.
5. Clarkson, P. (2003). The therapeutic relationship. John Wiley & Sons.
6. Corrigan, P. W., Morris, S. B., Michaels, P. J., Rafacz, J. D., & Rüsch, N. (2012). Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: a meta-analysis of outcome studies. Psychiatric Services, 63(10), 963-973.
7. Corrigan, P. W., & Rao, D. (2012). On the self-stigma of mental illness: Stages, disclosure, and strategies for change. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(8), 464-469.
8. Garfield, S. L. (1994). Research on client variables in psychotherapy. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook Of Psychotherapy And Behavior Change (4th ed., pp. 190–228). John Wiley & Sons.

9. Gibson, A., Cooper, M., Rae, J., & Hayes, J. (2020). Clients' experiences of shared decision making in an integrative psychotherapy for depression. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 26(2), 559-568.
10. Goldfried, M. R. (1980). Toward the delineation of therapeutic change principles. American Psychologist, 35(11), 991.
11. Goldfried, M. R. (2013). What should we expect from psychotherapy?. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(7), 862-869.
12. Goldfried, M. R., & Davila, J. (2005). The role of relationship and technique in therapeutic change. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42(4), 421.
13. Jung, E., Wiesjahn, M., Rief, W., & Lincoln, T. M. (2015). Perceived therapist genuineness predicts therapeutic alliance in cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(1), 34-48.
14. Kazdin, A. E., & Mazurick, J. L. (1994). Dropping out of child psychotherapy: distinguishing early and late dropouts over the course of treatment. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 62(5), 1069.
15. Lambert, M. J. (2016). The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice. New York, NY, Guilford Press. Lietaer, G., & Neirinck, M. (1986). Client and therapist perceptions of helping processes in client-centered/experiential psychotherapy. Person-Centered Review. 1(4), 436–455.
16. Lipkin, S. (1948). The client evaluates nondirective psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 12(3), 137. Martin, S. (2016). ‘How can you be strong all the time?’Discourses of stoicism in the first counselling session of young male clients. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 16(2), 100-108.
17. McMurran, M., Huband, N., & Overton, E. (2010). Non-completion of personality disorder treatments: A systematic review of correlates, consequences, and interventions. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(3), 277-287. Moore, S. J. (2013). Therapeutic relationship influences on treatment effectiveness [Purdue University]. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI3604983
18. Morgan, A. (2000). Narrative Terapi Nedir? (İ. E. Aydın, Çev.) İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları Muran, J. C., & Barber, J. P. (Eds.). (2011). The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice. Guilford Press.
19. Nienhuis, J. B., Owen, J., Valentine, J. C., Winkeljohn Black, S., Halford, T. C., Parazak, S. E., ... & Hilsenroth, M. (2018). Therapeutic alliance, empathy, and genuineness in individual adult psychotherapy: A meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy Research, 28(4), 593-605.
20. Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Joyce, A. S., & Piper, W. E. (2005). Strategies for reducing patient-initiated premature termination of psychotherapy. Harvard Review Of Psychiatry, 13(2), 57-70. Reik, T. (1983). Listening with the third ear. Macmillan.
21. Roos, J., & Werbart, A. (2013). Therapist and relationship factors influencing dropout from individual psychotherapy: A literature review. Psychotherapy Research, 23(4), 394-418.
22. Rothman, D. B. (2007). The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy with sexual offenders. Russell, S., & Carey, M. (2002). Re-membering: Responding to commonly asked questions. International Journal of Narrative Therapy & Community Work, 2002(3), 23-31.
23. Russell, R., Shirk, S., & Jungbluth, N. (2008). First-session pathways to the working alliance in cognitive–behavioral therapy for adolescent depression. Psychotherapy Research, 18(1), 15-27.
24. Swift, J. K., Callahan, J., & Levine, J. C. (2009). Using clinically significant change to identify premature termination. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 46(3), 328.
25. Swift, J. K., & Greenberg, R. P. (2012). Premature discontinuation in adult psychotherapy: a meta-analysis. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 80(4), 547.
26. Swift, J. K., & Greenberg, R. P. (2014). A treatment by disorder meta-analysis of dropout from psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 24(3), 193.
27. Swift, J. K., Greenberg, R. P., Whipple, J. L., & Kominiak, N. (2012). Practice recommendations for reducing premature termination in therapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(4), 379.
28. Thoits, P. A. (2011). Resisting the stigma of mental illness. Social Psychology Quarterly, 74(1), 6-28.
29. Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Hackler, A. H. (2007). Perceived public stigma and the willingness to seek counseling: The mediating roles of self-stigma and attitudes toward counseling. Journal Of Counseling Psychology, 54(1), 40.
30. White, C. (2016). A memory book for the field of narrative practice. Dulwich Centre Pty Limited. White, M., & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative means to therapeutic ends. WW Norton & Company.