Research Article
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Ownership Structure and Firm Performance: Global Evidence from 2000–2025

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 173 - 183, 31.12.2025

Abstract

Ownership structure significantly influences who controls the flow of funds and how decisions are made. In other words, ownership structure reflects the firm's rights and the impact it has on managerial operations. The nature of ownership structure can influence firm performance directly or indirectly. Among the primary challenges facing the relationship between ownership structure and financial performance are performance conflicts between management and shareholders, agency issues, and the effectiveness of the corporate governance unit. This relationship has been addressed in the literature through the lens of different ownership types, such as institutional investor presence, family ownership, foreign capital ownership, and executive ownership. Furthermore, industry structure, market conditions, and structural adjustments at the level of ownership structure have also been significant factors in the power and direction of ownership structure on financial performance. The purpose of this study is to expand research studies covering the gap between ownership structure and firm performance between 2000 and 2025 through bibliometric analysis. For this purpose, a search was conducted in the Scopus database using the keywords “ownership structure, ownership concentration, ownership type, blockholder, controlling shareholder, insider ownership, family ownership, state ownership, foreign ownership, firm performance, financial performance, corporate performance, ROA, ROE, Tobin’s Q, profitability, market-to-book”, and the results were filtered to include only journal articles. The study analyzes publication trends by year, most cited studies, leading authors, influential journals, thematic focuses, and international collaboration networks. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of theoretical frameworks explaining the link between corporate governance and firm performance, as well as to provide insights into future research directions and emerging trends in the field.

References

  • Abdallah, A. A. N., & Ismail, A. K. (2017). Corporate governance practices, ownership structure, and corporate performance in the GCC countries. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 46, 98–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2016.08.004
  • Aguilera, R. V., & Crespi-Cladera, R. (2016). Global corporate governance: On the relevance of firms’ ownership structure. Journal of World Business, 51(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.10.003
  • Anderson, R. C., & Reeb, D. M. (2003). Founding‐family ownership and firm performance: Evidence from the S&P 500. The Journal of Finance, 58(3), 1301–1328. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00567
  • Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An R-Tool for Comprehensive Science Mapping Analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975.
  • Bhagat, S., & Bolton, B. (2008). Corporate governance and firm performance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(3), 257–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.03.006
  • Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 20–47. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9707180258
  • Demsetz, H., & Villalonga, B. (2001). Ownership structure and corporate performance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 7(3), 209–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1199(01)00020-7
  • Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301–325. https://doi.org/10.1086/467037
  • Hillman, A. J., Withers, M. C., & Collins, B. J. (2009). Resource dependence theory: A review. Journal of Management, 35(6), 1404–1427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309343469
  • Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
  • Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). A survey of corporate governance. The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 737–783. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x
  • Tran, N. H., Nguyen, T. T., & Vo, X. V. (2025). Foreign ownership and firm performance: Evidence from emerging markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 87, 102676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102676

Sahiplik Yapısı ve Firma Performansı: 2000–2025 Dönemine İlişkin Bir İnceleme

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 173 - 183, 31.12.2025

Abstract

Sahiplik yapısı, işletmenin kontrolün kimde olduğunu ve stratejik kararların nasıl alındığına büyük ölçüde etki etmektedir. Başka bir ifadayle sahiplik yapısı, yatırımcıların firmaya ilişkin haklarının ve yönetsel süreçler üzerindeki etkilerinin düzeyini göstermektedir. Sahiplik yapısının atfedilen özelliğinden dolayı firma performansı üzerinde doğrudan ya da dolaylı etkileri olabilmektedir. Sahiplik yapısı ve finansal performans arasındaki ilişki açıklayan kavramların başında yönetim ile hissedarlar arasındaki çıkar çatışmaları, temsil (agency) sorunları ve kurumsal yönetişim mekanizmalarının etkinliği gelmektedir. Söz konusu ilişki literatürde; kurumsal yatırımcı varlığı, aile sahipliği, yabancı sermaye payı ve yönetici sahipliği gibi farklı sahiplik türleri açısından ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca sektör yapısı, piyasa koşulları ve ülke düzeyindeki hukuki düzenlemeler de sahiplik yapısının finansal performans üzerindeki etkisinin gücünü ve yönünü belirleyen önemli faktörler olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2000–2025 yılları arasında sahiplik yapısı ile firma performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran çalışmaları bibliyometrik analiz aracılığıyla incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda Scopus veri tabanında “ownership structure, ownership concentration, ownership type, blockholder, controlling shareholder, insider ownership, family ownership, state ownership, foreign ownership, firm performance, financial performance, corporate performance, ROA, ROE, Tobin’s Q, profitability, market-to-book” anahtar kelimeleriyle yapılan tarama yalnızca makalelerle sınırlandırılmış ve elde edilen yayınlar detaylı analizlere tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmada yıllara göre yayın eğilimleri, en çok atıf alan çalışmalar, öne çıkan araştırmacılar, etkili dergiler, tematik alanlar ve uluslararası iş birliği ağları değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulguların, kurumsal yönetişim ve firma performansı ilişkisini anlamaya yönelik teorik zeminin güçlendirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı ve konuya yönelik gelecek araştırma eğilimlerini öngörmeye yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Abdallah, A. A. N., & Ismail, A. K. (2017). Corporate governance practices, ownership structure, and corporate performance in the GCC countries. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 46, 98–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2016.08.004
  • Aguilera, R. V., & Crespi-Cladera, R. (2016). Global corporate governance: On the relevance of firms’ ownership structure. Journal of World Business, 51(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.10.003
  • Anderson, R. C., & Reeb, D. M. (2003). Founding‐family ownership and firm performance: Evidence from the S&P 500. The Journal of Finance, 58(3), 1301–1328. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00567
  • Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An R-Tool for Comprehensive Science Mapping Analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975.
  • Bhagat, S., & Bolton, B. (2008). Corporate governance and firm performance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(3), 257–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.03.006
  • Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 20–47. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9707180258
  • Demsetz, H., & Villalonga, B. (2001). Ownership structure and corporate performance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 7(3), 209–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1199(01)00020-7
  • Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301–325. https://doi.org/10.1086/467037
  • Hillman, A. J., Withers, M. C., & Collins, B. J. (2009). Resource dependence theory: A review. Journal of Management, 35(6), 1404–1427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309343469
  • Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
  • Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). A survey of corporate governance. The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 737–783. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x
  • Tran, N. H., Nguyen, T. T., & Vo, X. V. (2025). Foreign ownership and firm performance: Evidence from emerging markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 87, 102676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102676
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Finance, Finance and Investment (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Oğuz Yusuf Atasel 0000-0003-1654-9850

Yasin Şeker 0000-0003-0513-7682

Submission Date November 17, 2025
Acceptance Date December 29, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Atasel, O. Y., & Şeker, Y. (2025). Ownership Structure and Firm Performance: Global Evidence from 2000–2025. Quantrade Journal of Complex Systems in Social Sciences, 7(2), 173-183.

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