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EN
THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY THINKING ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE 1913-14 ARMENIAN REFORM PROGRAMME
Abstract
This article aims to elucidate how the Ottoman decision-making elite approached the Armenian reform question in the aftermath of the Young Turk revolution and to demonstrate how foreign political considerations shaped the introduction of the 1913-14 reform programme known as the “Eastern Anatolian Reforms.” Because of the concern that the recognition of regional and communal privileges would disrupt the unity and territorial integrity of the Empire, the decision-makers acted reluctantly to introduce special reforms for Armenians and endeavoured to resolve their problems with general or palliative measures. However, after the defeat in the First Balkan War of 1912-13, they quickly revised their preferences as a result of the change in Empire’s position in international power politics, external pressures, and strategic calculations, and decided to introduce a reform programme that went beyond the limits that they defended earlier. The primary aim for the Ottoman decision-makers in so doing was, rather than ending the grievances of the Armenian citizens, to safeguard the Empire’s external security and international position. Thus, it is concluded that foreign policy calculations significantly affected the solutions developed for an internal problem, and, moreover, internal reform was used as a foreign policy tool. The article traces the developments regarding the Armenian reform issue in the aftermath of the Young Turk revolution and uses memoirs and newspaper articles to infer the approach and preferences of the decision-makers regarding the reform issue.
Keywords
References
- [Apikyan, Mihran (Mihrî)]. “Ermeniler millet-i hakimeye ne dilden yalvarmalı? Ve niceye dek?” Nevâ yâhûd Sadâ-i Ermeniyân, May 22-23, 1910.
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- ________. “Berlin muâhedenâmesinin 61’inci mâddesi.” Tanîn, October 19, 1908.
- ________. “Ermeni patrikinin beyânâtı.” Tanîn, May 11, 1913.
- ________. “Millet-i hâkime.” Tanîn, November 7, 1908.
- ________. “Türkiye’de Ermeniler İçin Yapılan Reformlar (Örtülü Bir İşgale Doğru) ve Tehcir Gerçeği (1878-1915).” In Uluslararası Türk-Ermeni İlişkileri Sempozyumu, 24-25 Mayıs 2001, Bildiriler, edited by Selçuk Erez and Mehmet Saray, 107-70. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2001.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Political Science
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
November 14, 2022
Submission Date
February 9, 2022
Acceptance Date
June 7, 2022
Published in Issue
Year 2022 Number: 45
APA
Ekinci, M. U. (2022). THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY THINKING ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE 1913-14 ARMENIAN REFORM PROGRAMME. Review of Armenian Studies, 45, 65-105. https://izlik.org/JA92ZW28KP
AMA
1.Ekinci MU. THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY THINKING ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE 1913-14 ARMENIAN REFORM PROGRAMME. RAS. 2022;(45):65-105. https://izlik.org/JA92ZW28KP
Chicago
Ekinci, Mehmet Uğur. 2022. “THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY THINKING ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE 1913-14 ARMENIAN REFORM PROGRAMME”. Review of Armenian Studies, nos. 45: 65-105. https://izlik.org/JA92ZW28KP.
EndNote
Ekinci MU (November 1, 2022) THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY THINKING ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE 1913-14 ARMENIAN REFORM PROGRAMME. Review of Armenian Studies 45 65–105.
IEEE
[1]M. U. Ekinci, “THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY THINKING ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE 1913-14 ARMENIAN REFORM PROGRAMME”, RAS, no. 45, pp. 65–105, Nov. 2022, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA92ZW28KP
ISNAD
Ekinci, Mehmet Uğur. “THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY THINKING ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE 1913-14 ARMENIAN REFORM PROGRAMME”. Review of Armenian Studies. 45 (November 1, 2022): 65-105. https://izlik.org/JA92ZW28KP.
JAMA
1.Ekinci MU. THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY THINKING ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE 1913-14 ARMENIAN REFORM PROGRAMME. RAS. 2022;:65–105.
MLA
Ekinci, Mehmet Uğur. “THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY THINKING ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE 1913-14 ARMENIAN REFORM PROGRAMME”. Review of Armenian Studies, no. 45, Nov. 2022, pp. 65-105, https://izlik.org/JA92ZW28KP.
Vancouver
1.Mehmet Uğur Ekinci. THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY THINKING ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE 1913-14 ARMENIAN REFORM PROGRAMME. RAS [Internet]. 2022 Nov. 1;(45):65-105. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA92ZW28KP