Ermenistan’in Kafkasya’nin Siyasi Haritasinda Oluşumu Ve Karabağ Meselesi (1918-1921)

Year 2018, Issue: 38, 37 - 64, 28.12.2018

Jamil Hasanli

Abstract

Şubat 1917 yılında Romanov Hanedanlığı tarafından
yönetilen eski Rus İmparatorluğunun tüm halkları için yeni bir devrimci dönem
başlamıştır. Rusya’da Çarlık yönetiminin devrilmesiyle beraber Şubat 1917
devrimi ulusal bağımsızlık hareketleri doğurmuş ve böylece “halkların
hapishanesi” olan Rus İmparatorluğu darbe almıştır. Çarlık yönetiminin
devrilmesi Güney Kafkasya’daki siyasi süreçlerin hızlanmasına sebep olmuştur.

Devrim sonrasında Geçici Hükümetin ilk
adımlarından bir tanesi Güney Kafkasya’nın yönetilmesi için özel bir kurum
kurması olmuştur. 9 Mart’ta Özel Transkafkasya Komitesi (OZAKOM) bölgeyi
yönetmek için kurulmuştur. Ekim 1917 devriminin gerçekleşmesi ise Rus
İmparatorluğunun tebaası olan ulusların umutlarını arttırmıştır. Bu umutlar
çoğunlukla Bolşeviklerin iktidara gelmelerinin ilk günlerinde yaptıkları
beyanatlardan beslenmiştir. Bir barış fermanı ve Rusya’nın Halklarının Hakları
Beyannamesi’nin yayınlanmasıyla uluslara eski imparatorluktan ayrılıp bağımsız
cumhuriyetler kurmaları için garanti verilmesi öngörülmüştü. Ancak kısa bir
süre sonra bu belgelerin propagandadan ibaret olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Rus Halk Komiserleri Sovyeti, Stepan Georgevich
Shaumian’ı Azerbaycan’ın özerkliğine karşı mücadele etmesi amacıyla Kafkasya
için Olağanüstü Elçi olarak atadığında, kendisine ayrıca Josef Stalin
tarafından hazırlanmış, “Türk Ermenistan’ın” özerkliği üzerine olan 29 Aralık
1917 fermanını yürürlüğe koyma görevi de verilmiştir. Bu ferman, Rus ordusunun
işgali altında olan “Türk Ermenistan’daki” Ermeni ulusunun tam bağımsızlığını
ve egemenliğini tanımaktaydı. Fermanda yer alan diğer hususlar şu şekildeydi:
Rus ordusunun bölgeden çekilmesinden sonra milislerin kurulmasıyla “Türk
Ermenistan” nüfusunun ve mal ve mülklerinin korunması; “Türk Ermenistan’ından”
göç eden Ermenilerin engellenmeden geri dönmeleri ve demokratik yollarla seçilmiş
bir Ermeni ulusal milletvekilleri konseyinden oluşan geçişi bir yönetimin
kurulması. 

Keywords

Dağlık Karabağ, Güney Kafkasya, Nahcivan, Şerur Dereleyez, Zangezür, Bakü, Moskova, Ermenistan, Azerbaycan, Gürcistan, Müttefik Güçleri (İtilaf Devletleri), Sovyet Rusya, Türkiye, Musavat hükümeti, Kafkasya Bürosu

Formation Of Armenia On The Political Map Of The Caucasus And Karabakh Issue (1918-1921)

Abstract

A new
revolutionary era in Russia started in February 1917 for all the peoples of the
former Russian empire ruled by the Romanov dynasty. Along with the overthrow of the
tsarist monarchy in Russia, the revolution of February 1917 was a blow to the
Russian empire, spawning national liberation movements in that “prison of
nations.” The overthrow of the monarchy sped up the political processes taking
place in the South Caucasus.

One of the first steps of the Provisional
Government that was formed after the revolution was the creation of a special
institution to govern the South Caucasus. On March 9, the Special
Transcaucasian Committee (OZAKOM) was created to govern the region. When the
revolution of October 1917 occurred, it raised the hopes of the nations that
had been subjects of the Russian empire. These hopes for independence were for
the most part nourished by the declarations made by the Bolsheviks in the early
days of their coming to power. A peace decree and a Declaration of the Rights
of the Peoples of Russia were to provide a guarantee that the nations of the
former empire would be free to secede and create independent republics.
However, quite soon it became clear that these documents were merely
propaganda.

When the Russian Soviet of People’s Commissars
appointed Stepan Georgevich Shaumian as the Envoy Extraordinary for the
Caucasus to fight against the autonomy of Azerbaijan, he was commissioned to
carry out the decree of 29 December 1917, on the autonomy of “Turkish Armenia,”
which had been prepared by Joseph Stalin. The decree recognized the full
independence and sovereignty of the Armenian nation in “Turkish Armenia,” which
had been occupied by the Russian army. Other items were the creation of
militias to protect the population of “Turkish Armenia” and their property once
the Russian army withdrew from the territory; the unimpeded repatriation of
Armenians who had emigrated from “Turkish Armenia”; and the creation of a
provisional administration of a democratically elected Armenian national
deputies’ council.

Keywords

Nagorno-Karabakh, South Caucasus, Nakhichevan, Sharur-Daralayaz, Zangezur, Baku, Moscow, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Allied Powers, Soviet Russia, Turkey, Musavat government, : Caucasian Bureau

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