Balina Şarkısı: Kambur Balina Megaptera Novaeangliae Kültürlerinde Müzikal Pratikler

Abstract

Erkek kambur balinalar (Megaptera novaeangliae) “şarkı” olarak adlandırılan uzun, karmaşık ve örüntüleşmiş seslendirme pratikleri sergilerler. Şarkıların işlevi henüz tam olarak anlaşılamamış olsa da hem bir kur davranışı hem de diğer erkek bireylere çeşitli mesajlar veren bir iletişim biçimi olma ihtimali yüksektir. Şarkılar, hiyerarşik olarak düzenlenmiş çeşitli birimlerden ve tekrarlardan meydana gelir: Nota benzeri tekil birimler cümleleri, bir araya gelen cümleler, temaları oluşturur. Belirli biçimlerde düzenlenen ve tekrar eden temalar ise şarkıları meydana getirir. Aynı topluluğun üyesi balinalar, belirli bir zaman dilimi içinde, aynı şarkıyı söylerler. Ancak ses birimlerinin biçim değiştirmesi, sıralamanın veya tekrarların değiştirilmesi nedeniyle şarkılar giderek karmaşıklaşır ve tamamen yeni şarkılara dönüşür. Kambur balina şarkıları, hem düzenlenmiş/örüntüleşmiş yapısı ile hem de bireyler ve topluluklar düzeyindeki aktarımları nedeniyle balina kültürlerinin bir parçası olarak görülür ve insan müziği ile benzerlikler taşır. Bu metnin amacı; kambur balina şarkısına odaklanan araştırmaların bulguları konusunda Türkçe alanyazına katkı sağlamak ve konuyu vokal öğrenme çerçevesinde tartışmaktır.

Keywords

• müzik
• zoomüzikoloji
• balina şarkısı
• kambur balina
• vokal öğrenme

Whale Song: Musical Practices in the Cultures of the Humpback Whale Megaptera Novaeangliae

Abstract

Male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) display long, complex and patterned vocalization practices called "whale song". Although the function of songs is not yet fully understood, it is likely that they are both a courtship behavior and a form of communication that gives various messages to other male individuals. Songs are made up of various hierarchically arranged units and repetitions: single notes-like units form sentences, sentences combined together form themes. The themes that are organized and recurring in certain ways make up the songs. Humpback whales in the same population sing the same song within a certain period of time. However, during the season, due to the deformation of the sound units, the changing of the order or the repetition, the songs become more and more complex and turn into completely new songs. Humpback whale songs have similarities with human music due to their arranged/patterned structure and transmission between individuals and communities. The purpose of this text is to contribute to the Turkish literature on the findings of research focusing on humpback whale song and to discuss the subject within the framework of vocal learning.

Keywords

• music
• zoomusicology
• whale song
• humpback whale
• vocal learning

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