Historical, cultural and musical analysis of folk songs about the Çanakkale battle in Albanian Music Folklore: Albanian teachers’ opinions

Abstract

Albanian culture coexisted for a period of over 500 years with Ottoman culture, at the turn of the new century, along with the Balkan troubles that led to the continued embrace of the transition from an old culture to the ideology of the Young Turk movement, and the continuation of joint Albanian-Turkish actions, in order to protect the Albanian Vilayets from the Serbo-Montenegrin occupiers. Early nineteenth-century Turkey emerged from bloody wars on all sides of its borders and from a weak government led by Abdul Hamid II faced a new war in 1915 now in defense of the Dardanelles in the bloodiest battle "The Battle of Canakkale". The First World War found Albanians divided and occupied in some of its territories, however, from 1912 Albania had declared Independence, but Kosovo, Skopje and Bitola, Ulcinj and Bar had remained outside the borders, while Chameria - the South of Albania had been invaded by Greece. During the First World War a large number of Albanians remained in the Turkish military service, many others joined the Turkish army, mainly Albanians who had migrated to Turkey from the violence of the Serbo-Montenegrin invaders, as well as some more from Kosovo, Skopje, Tetovo, Presevo, Shkodra, Ulcinj, etc who volunteered to help the Turkish army. According to history, oral literature and written documents, many Albanians died heroically, it is said that about 25,000 martyrs had died in this battle. In their honor, the Albanian people composed songs, it is worth mentioning the "song dedicated to the Battle of Canakkale" by the most prominent folklorists of the Albanian nation. Our research was done through a semi-structured interview with: 5 teachers of Albanian literature (at the same time master’s students at the University "Kadri Zeka" in Gjilan, Kosovo); 5 history teachers (at the same time master’s students at the University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Prishtina, Kosovo); 2 independent researchers from the Institute of History "Ali Hadri" Prishtina, Kosovo.

Keywords

• Albanian folk song about Çanakkale Battle
• historical analysis of folk song
• Turksih folk song

References

1. ACIOĞLU, Y. (2016). Çanakkale Tabyalary. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi, 1-57.
2. Ahmeti, N., & Shala, A. (2020). PERCEPTIMI I LUFTËS SË ÇANAKALASË TE SHQIPTARËT (PERCEPTION OF THE CANAKALA WAR BY ALBANIANS). Gjurmime Albanologjike - Seria e shkencave historike (Albanological Research - Historical Sciences Series), 155-172.
3. Archontopoulou, A., & Vaiouli, P. (2020). Music and Social Skills for Young Children with Autism: A Survey of Early Childhood Educators. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 190-207.
4. Avdiu-Kryeziu, S. (2021). Bashkëpunimi për hartimin dhe zbatimin e PIA-së në institucione edukativo-arsimore (Cooperation for the design and implementation of IEPs in educational institutions). Prishtina: Lena.
5. Buzhala, R. (2011). Shqiptarët në Turqi (Albanians in Turkey). Prishtina: Instituti Albanologjik (Albanological Institute).
6. Dugolli, B. (2018). Historia Gojore (Oral History). Prishtina: Universiteti i Prishtinës (University of Prishtina).
7. Erdal, K., & Eğridere , Z. (2018). ÇOCUK KİTAPLARINDA ÇANAKKALE SAVAŞI. Türük Uluslararası Dil, Edebiyat ve Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 92-110.
8. Eren, B. (2015). The Use of Music Interventions to Improve Social Skills in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Integrated Group Music Therapy Sessions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207 – 213.

9. Fejza, S. (2020, August 14). Shkurte Fejza. Retrieved from Shkurte Fejza: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2XKPo-ppf4
10. Fole, S. V. (2017). Music Education and Its Impact on Students with Special Needs . Scholarship and Engagement in Educatio, 1(1), 1-7.
11. Ilhan, S. (1994). Çanakkale Muharebeleri. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 673-684. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/aamd/issue/61402/915888
12. Islami, H. (1990). Kosova dhe shqiptarët çështje demografike (Kosovo and Albanians demographic issues). Prishtina: Rilindja.
13. Kosovo Institute of History. (1997). Bëbimet e shqiptarëve dhe kolonizimi i Kosovës 1877-1995 (Expulsion of Albanians and the colonization of Kosovo 1877-1995). Prishtina: Qendra për Informim e Kosovës (Kosovo Information Center).
14. Koyuncu, A., Keskin, Ö., & Sonmez, C. S. (2010). Çanakkale Savaşları Bibliyografyası. Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi.
15. Krasniqi, S. B. (2009, Mars 27). Ismet Salihu. Retrieved from Ismet Salihu: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aESpaxXGzQU
16. Kumar, R. (2017). Metodologjia e hulumtimi (Research methodology). Prishtina: USAID & MEST.
17. Matthews , B., & Ross, L. (2010). Metodat e hulumtimit . Tiranë: CDE.
18. Meyer, J. (2017). MUSIC EDUCATION WITH AUTISTIC STUDENTS, Music Education with Autistic Students in the Mainstream Elementary Classroom . Toronto : Department of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto.
19. Mulaj, I. (2015). Multinational Battle of Gallipoli: Emerging Certain Nation States and Recent Tendencies of Its Reference for Regrouping the “Victorious” Nations. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 1-17. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/65032/
20. OSBE. (2018). Qasja komuniteteve në arsimin parauniversitar në Kosovë (Access to communities in pre-university education in Kosovo). Prishtina: OSBE.
21. ÖZBİLEN, S. (2013, January 12). nativewaiter. Retrieved from nativewaiter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1UsgnrJu-s
22. Ramadani , A., & Daci , A. (2020, February 19). Produksioni XIMI. Retrieved from Produksioni XIMI: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nye60KrzLbE
23. Rifati, F. (2019). Kosova gjatë Luftës së Parë Botërore 1914-1918 (Kosovo during the First World War 1914-1918). Prishtina: Instituti i Historisë - Prishtinë (Institute of History - Pristina).
24. Schevill, F. (2022). Ballkani historia dhe qytetrimi. Tiranë: Eugen.
25. Shkodra, F. (2002). Letërsi për fëmijë (Literature for children). Prishtina: Universiteti i Prishtinës (University of Prishtina).
26. Tarçın, U. (2016). Kosova DağlarındaYankılanan Çanakkale Türküsü. Silahlı Kuvvetler Dergisi Askeri Strateji ve Etüd Daire Başkanlığı Yayınları, 26-31.
27. Terziu, H. (1997). Ramë Avdyli dhe bashkëluftëtarët e tij (Ramë Avdyli and his comrades). Prishtina: Iliriku.