Year 2025,
Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 283 - 305, 30.09.2025
Korab Shaqiri
,
Blerim Mehmeti
,
Armend Xhoni
,
Rina Caka
,
Dardan Gjinolli
,
Fidane Gjinolli
References
-
Berry, B. (2008). The power of looks: Social stratification of physical appearance. Routledge.
-
Caruso, M. A. E. S., de Almeida, C. A. B., de Lima, F. T., & de Oliveira, M. V. R. A. (2016). Malocclusion and its relationship to speech sound production: Redefining the effect of malocclusal traits on sound production. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 82, 27–32. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.12.011
-
Clemente, M. P., Moreira, A., Morais, C., Amarante, J. M., Ferreira, A. P., & Mendes, J. (2021). Tooth position in wind instrument players: Dentofacial cephalometric analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084306
-
Dentakay. (2024). What’s the story behind Freddie Mercury’s teeth? https://dentakay. com/story-behind-freddie-mercury-teeth/
-
Dewey, M. (1915). Classification of malocclusion. International Journal of Orthodontia, 1(3), 133–147. https://doi. org/10.1016/S1072-3471(15)80024-8
-
Fritz, C., & Wolfe, J. (2005). How do clarinet players adjust the resonances of their vocal tracts for different playing effects? The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118(5), 3306–3315. https://doi. org/10.1121/1.2041287
-
Georgieva-Bozhkova, K., Konstantinova, D., Nenova-Nogalcheva, A., & Nedelchev, D. (2025). The impact of diastema on the articulation of speech sounds. Folia Medica, 67(1). https://doi.org/10.3897/folmed.67. e144621
-
Handoko, H., & Yohana, N. (2023). Speech production and malocclusion: A review. Jurnal Arbitrer, 10(1), 107–115.
https://doi. org/10.25077/ar.10.1.107-115.2023
-
Hebbal, M. I., Helaby, B. S., & AlHefdhi, M. A. (2022). Reasons for widespread aspiration of esthetics veneers
‘Hollywood Smile’: A survey among five Gulf countries. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 14(1), S923–
S927. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs. jpbs_680_21
-
Hestermann, S., & Deffner, N. (2020). Enhanced de-essing via neural networks. In A. Holzinger, K. Deb, & L.
Schmidt-Thieme (Eds.), Machine learning and knowledge discovery in databases (pp. 624–636). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 030-43887-6_49
-
Jeelani, F. W., & Shaikh, M. A. (2016). The duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes. Dental
Press Journal of Orthodontics, 21(5), 67–74. https://doi. org/10.1590/2177-6709.21.5.067-074.oar
-
Johnson, N. C., & Sandy, J. R. (1999). Tooth position and speech—Is there a relationship? Angle Orthodontist,
69(4), 306–310. https:// doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1999)
-
Jung, M.-H. (2010). Evaluation of the effects of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on self-esteem in an
adolescent population. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 138(2),160–
166.https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ajodo.2008.08.040
-
Keyser, M. M. B., Lathrop, H., Jhingree, S., Giduz, N., Bocklage, C., Couldwell, S., & Jacox, L. A. (2022). Impacts of
skeletal anterior open bite malocclusion on speech. FACE (Thousand Oaks), 3(2), 339–349. https://
doi.org/10.1177/27325016221082229
-
Kolinsky, R., Lidji, P., Peretz, I., Besson, M., & Morais, J. (2009). Processing interactions between phonology and
melody: Vowels sing but consonants speak. Cognition, 112(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cognition.2009.02.014
-
Laparra Hernández, R., Arias-Luxán, S., Sauro, S., & Lanuza, A. (2024). The influence of wind musical instruments on the orofacial system. Diagnostics, 14(20), 2342. https:// doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14202342
-
Lathrop-Marshall, H., Keyser, M. M. B., Jhingree, S., Giduz, N., Bocklage, C., Couldwell, S., Edwards, H., Glesener, T., Moss, K., Frazier-Bowers, S., Phillips, C., Turvey, T., Blakey, G., White, R., Mielke, J., Zajac, D., & Jacox, L. A. (2022).
Orthognathic speech pathology: Impacts of Class III malocclusion on speech. European Journal of
Orthodontics, 44(3), 340–351. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjab067
-
Long, W. (2024). The aesthetic preference in music-making: A case study of self- production processes
influencing the exploration of artistic identity. Master’s thesis. Sibelius Academy of the University of the Arts
Helsinki.
-
Ng,C.S.T.,Wong,W.K.R.,&Hagg,U. (2008). Orthodontic treatment of anterior open bite. International Journal of
Paediatric Dentistry, 18(2), 78–83. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263x.2007.00877.x
-
Owsinski, B. (2009). The recording engineer’s handbook (2nd ed.). Canada.
-
Parncutt, R., & Sattmann. (2018). The role of music performer gesture in creating expressive sounding music.
Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz.
-
Roman, M. B., Cybulska, A. M., Dowgierd, K., Wójcik, G., Stanisławska, M., & Grochans, E. (2021). Quality of life of
young adult patients after orthognathic surgery. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences,
25(24), 7903–7912. https://doi. org/10.26355/eurrev_202112_27640
-
Roy, S. (2005). The eight components of a balanced smile. Journal of Clinical Orthodontics, 39(3), 155–162.
-
Schaap, J., Berghman, M., & Calkins, T. (2023). Attractive people make better music? How gender and perceived
attractiveness affect the evaluation of electronic dance music artists. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 41(1), 284–
303. https:// doi.org/10.1177/02762374221118526
-
Singh, T. K., Bhagia, P., Gupta, U., Passi, D., Goyal, J., Yadav, G., Gautam, B., & Jain, S. (2019). Effect of orthodontic
treatment needs on oral health-related quality of life among the young population in Delhi NCR-region of North
India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(2), 550–555. https://doi. org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_431_18
-
Stevens, K. N. (2000). Acoustic phonetics. Penguin Random House LLC. ISBN 9780262692505.
-
Tashkandi, N. E., AlDosary, R., Zamandar, H., Alalwan, M., Alwothainani, M., Aljoaid, H., Alghazhmri, D., Allam, E.,
Marya, A., & Adel, S. M. (2025). The relationship between malocclusion and speech patterns: A cross- sectional
study. BMC Oral Health, 25(65), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025- 05437-0
-
Van der Weijden, F. N., Kuitert, R. B., Berkhout, F. R. U., & Van der Weijden, G. A. (2018). Influence of tooth position on
wind instrumentalists’ performance and embouchure comfort: A systematic review. Journal of Orofacial
Orthopedics/ Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie, 79(3), 205–218.
-
Wismeijer, D., Bronkhorst, E. M., & Kuijpers- Jagtman, A. M. (2019). Malocclusion and embouchure in wind
instrument players: A systematic review. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics, 80(3), 153–163. https://link.
springer.com/article/10.1007/s00056-018- 0128-2
-
Zölzer, U. (Ed.). (2011). DAFX: Digital audio effects (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119991298
The face that speaks, the voice that sings: the triad of orthodontics, music, and aesthetics
Year 2025,
Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 283 - 305, 30.09.2025
Korab Shaqiri
,
Blerim Mehmeti
,
Armend Xhoni
,
Rina Caka
,
Dardan Gjinolli
,
Fidane Gjinolli
Abstract
This interdisciplinary study explores the triadic relationship between orthodontics, music, and aesthetics, with a central focus on how dental alignment influences musical articulation and stage presence. Grounded in embodied performance theory and articulatory phonetics, the research investigates how malocclusion affects vocal clarity and how orthodontic treatment contributes to the refinement of both speech and visual aesthetics—two crucial components in musical performance and media representation. Through a musicological lens, the study examines how pronunciation, resonance, and articulation—especially of fricatives such as/s/, /ʃ/, and /z/—impact vocal performance quality. Emphasis is placed on the performer’s body, particularly the mouth and face, as a site where musical expression, social aesthetics, and public image converge. In contemporary music culture—especially within media-driven environments—facial harmony and clear enunciation are vital not only for artistic output but also for the construction of professional identity. Using a qualitative comparative model, the study examines two case studies of performers from Kosovo who underwent multi- year orthodontic treatment. Audio recordings and clinical photographs were captured before and after intervention, using consistent conditions in a professional music studio and dental clinic. The data were analysed to identify phonetic improvements and changes in facial aesthetics relevant to performance. Findings reveal a marked improvement in vocal articulation, projection, and stage image post-treatment. Participants reported increased confidence and expressive ease, underscoring the dual role of orthodontics in enhancing both musical function and aesthetic presence. This supports the thesis that orthodontic treatment can directly affect artistic performance, especially in vocalists and wind instrumentalists whose craft depends on precise oral mechanics. The study contributes a novel interdisciplinary model that links dental health to music performance and public aesthetics. Future research should broaden sample sizes, engage phonetic and aesthetic experts, and examine long-term effects. Collaboration between orthodontists, phonologists, and music educators is essential for optimising artistic outcomes in a media-saturated cultural landscape.
Ethical Statement
Although formal approval from a university ethics committee was not required for this study, all ethical protocols were strictly followed. Written consent was obtained from all participants involved, as well as from the institutions where the research was conducted. Specifically, signed written permissions were secured from: Alba Dent inclusion of orthodontic treatment. Barok music studio, authorization for the use of their facilities for pre- and post-treatment audio recordings. Both participating individuals, who provided informed consent for being recorded and for the use of their data strictly for academic and research purposes. All signed documents are archived and available upon request.
Supporting Institution
University of Pristina; UBT College; AAB College
Thanks
After this study, we would like to express our deep gratitude to our colleagues and experts in their respective fields who provided valuable support and advice throughout the research process. Special thanks go to the team at Barok Sound Studio, whose assistance and dedication were crucial to the realisation of this study. We are also grateful to our colleagues and professors from the University of Prishtina and UBT College for their valuable guidance and support. Our sincere appreciation extends to our associates from AAB College, as well as to the wonderful staff of the Dental Clinic “ALBADENT” for their continuous support. Finally, we warmly thank all the participants in our research – the patients – whose participation made this study possible.
References
-
Berry, B. (2008). The power of looks: Social stratification of physical appearance. Routledge.
-
Caruso, M. A. E. S., de Almeida, C. A. B., de Lima, F. T., & de Oliveira, M. V. R. A. (2016). Malocclusion and its relationship to speech sound production: Redefining the effect of malocclusal traits on sound production. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 82, 27–32. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.12.011
-
Clemente, M. P., Moreira, A., Morais, C., Amarante, J. M., Ferreira, A. P., & Mendes, J. (2021). Tooth position in wind instrument players: Dentofacial cephalometric analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084306
-
Dentakay. (2024). What’s the story behind Freddie Mercury’s teeth? https://dentakay. com/story-behind-freddie-mercury-teeth/
-
Dewey, M. (1915). Classification of malocclusion. International Journal of Orthodontia, 1(3), 133–147. https://doi. org/10.1016/S1072-3471(15)80024-8
-
Fritz, C., & Wolfe, J. (2005). How do clarinet players adjust the resonances of their vocal tracts for different playing effects? The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118(5), 3306–3315. https://doi. org/10.1121/1.2041287
-
Georgieva-Bozhkova, K., Konstantinova, D., Nenova-Nogalcheva, A., & Nedelchev, D. (2025). The impact of diastema on the articulation of speech sounds. Folia Medica, 67(1). https://doi.org/10.3897/folmed.67. e144621
-
Handoko, H., & Yohana, N. (2023). Speech production and malocclusion: A review. Jurnal Arbitrer, 10(1), 107–115.
https://doi. org/10.25077/ar.10.1.107-115.2023
-
Hebbal, M. I., Helaby, B. S., & AlHefdhi, M. A. (2022). Reasons for widespread aspiration of esthetics veneers
‘Hollywood Smile’: A survey among five Gulf countries. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 14(1), S923–
S927. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs. jpbs_680_21
-
Hestermann, S., & Deffner, N. (2020). Enhanced de-essing via neural networks. In A. Holzinger, K. Deb, & L.
Schmidt-Thieme (Eds.), Machine learning and knowledge discovery in databases (pp. 624–636). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 030-43887-6_49
-
Jeelani, F. W., & Shaikh, M. A. (2016). The duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes. Dental
Press Journal of Orthodontics, 21(5), 67–74. https://doi. org/10.1590/2177-6709.21.5.067-074.oar
-
Johnson, N. C., & Sandy, J. R. (1999). Tooth position and speech—Is there a relationship? Angle Orthodontist,
69(4), 306–310. https:// doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1999)
-
Jung, M.-H. (2010). Evaluation of the effects of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on self-esteem in an
adolescent population. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 138(2),160–
166.https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ajodo.2008.08.040
-
Keyser, M. M. B., Lathrop, H., Jhingree, S., Giduz, N., Bocklage, C., Couldwell, S., & Jacox, L. A. (2022). Impacts of
skeletal anterior open bite malocclusion on speech. FACE (Thousand Oaks), 3(2), 339–349. https://
doi.org/10.1177/27325016221082229
-
Kolinsky, R., Lidji, P., Peretz, I., Besson, M., & Morais, J. (2009). Processing interactions between phonology and
melody: Vowels sing but consonants speak. Cognition, 112(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cognition.2009.02.014
-
Laparra Hernández, R., Arias-Luxán, S., Sauro, S., & Lanuza, A. (2024). The influence of wind musical instruments on the orofacial system. Diagnostics, 14(20), 2342. https:// doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14202342
-
Lathrop-Marshall, H., Keyser, M. M. B., Jhingree, S., Giduz, N., Bocklage, C., Couldwell, S., Edwards, H., Glesener, T., Moss, K., Frazier-Bowers, S., Phillips, C., Turvey, T., Blakey, G., White, R., Mielke, J., Zajac, D., & Jacox, L. A. (2022).
Orthognathic speech pathology: Impacts of Class III malocclusion on speech. European Journal of
Orthodontics, 44(3), 340–351. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjab067
-
Long, W. (2024). The aesthetic preference in music-making: A case study of self- production processes
influencing the exploration of artistic identity. Master’s thesis. Sibelius Academy of the University of the Arts
Helsinki.
-
Ng,C.S.T.,Wong,W.K.R.,&Hagg,U. (2008). Orthodontic treatment of anterior open bite. International Journal of
Paediatric Dentistry, 18(2), 78–83. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263x.2007.00877.x
-
Owsinski, B. (2009). The recording engineer’s handbook (2nd ed.). Canada.
-
Parncutt, R., & Sattmann. (2018). The role of music performer gesture in creating expressive sounding music.
Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz.
-
Roman, M. B., Cybulska, A. M., Dowgierd, K., Wójcik, G., Stanisławska, M., & Grochans, E. (2021). Quality of life of
young adult patients after orthognathic surgery. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences,
25(24), 7903–7912. https://doi. org/10.26355/eurrev_202112_27640
-
Roy, S. (2005). The eight components of a balanced smile. Journal of Clinical Orthodontics, 39(3), 155–162.
-
Schaap, J., Berghman, M., & Calkins, T. (2023). Attractive people make better music? How gender and perceived
attractiveness affect the evaluation of electronic dance music artists. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 41(1), 284–
303. https:// doi.org/10.1177/02762374221118526
-
Singh, T. K., Bhagia, P., Gupta, U., Passi, D., Goyal, J., Yadav, G., Gautam, B., & Jain, S. (2019). Effect of orthodontic
treatment needs on oral health-related quality of life among the young population in Delhi NCR-region of North
India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(2), 550–555. https://doi. org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_431_18
-
Stevens, K. N. (2000). Acoustic phonetics. Penguin Random House LLC. ISBN 9780262692505.
-
Tashkandi, N. E., AlDosary, R., Zamandar, H., Alalwan, M., Alwothainani, M., Aljoaid, H., Alghazhmri, D., Allam, E.,
Marya, A., & Adel, S. M. (2025). The relationship between malocclusion and speech patterns: A cross- sectional
study. BMC Oral Health, 25(65), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025- 05437-0
-
Van der Weijden, F. N., Kuitert, R. B., Berkhout, F. R. U., & Van der Weijden, G. A. (2018). Influence of tooth position on
wind instrumentalists’ performance and embouchure comfort: A systematic review. Journal of Orofacial
Orthopedics/ Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie, 79(3), 205–218.
-
Wismeijer, D., Bronkhorst, E. M., & Kuijpers- Jagtman, A. M. (2019). Malocclusion and embouchure in wind
instrument players: A systematic review. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics, 80(3), 153–163. https://link.
springer.com/article/10.1007/s00056-018- 0128-2
-
Zölzer, U. (Ed.). (2011). DAFX: Digital audio effects (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119991298