Research Article
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School Administrators’ Priorities for Legal Literacy Training

Year 2023, , 726 - 760, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1332904

Abstract

Legally astute educational leaders are essential to carry out any school's mission. This article relays their priorities and preferences concerning legal literacy training approaches. Their collective input offers clear support for real-life focused, contextually grounded legal preparation. Remarkably, only ten percent of the participants reported receiving the training approach the group so strongly recommended. Administrator-recommended instructional priorities consistent with problem-based learning (PBL) would emphasize contexts leaders are engaged in, inspire confidence in candidates, and complement the development of their professional sensemaking responsibilities.

References

  • Ancona, D. (2012). Sensemaking: Framing and acting in the unknown. In S. Snook, N. Nohria, & R. Khurana (Eds.), The Handbook for Teaching Leadership. (pp. 3-17). SAGE.
  • Asimah, T., Mensah, H.K., & Oteng-Abayie, E. (2017). General, target, and accessible population: Demystifying the concepts for effective sampling. The Qualitative Report, 22(6), 1607-1621. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2017.2674.
  • Bolman, L., & Deal, T. (2013). Reframing organizations, 5th Edition. Jossey-Bass.
  • Boyland, L., Lehman, L., & Sriver, S. (2015). How effective are Indiana’s new principals? Implications for preparation and practice. Journal of Leadership Education, 14(11), 72-91. https://doi.org/10.12806/V14/I1/R5.
  • Bull, B., & McCarthy, M. (1995). Reflections on the knowledge base in law and ethics for educational leaders. Educational Administration Quarterly, 31(4), 613-631.
  • Capper, C. (2015). The 20TH-year anniversary of critical race theory in education: Implications for leading to eliminate racism. Educational Administration Quarterly, 51(5), 791-833. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X15607616.
  • Capper, C, & Young, M. (2014). Ironies and limitations of educational leadership for social justice: A call to social justice educators. Theory Into Practice, 53(2), 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2014.885814.
  • Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative & quantitative approaches, 3rd Edition. SAGE.
  • Creswell, J., & Guetterman, T. (2019). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson.
  • Cunningham, K., VanGroningen, B., Tucker, P., & Young, M. (2019). Using powerful learning experiences to prepare school leaders. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 14(1), 74-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942775118819672.
  • Darling-Hammond, L., & McLaughlin, M. (1995). Policies that support professional development in an era of reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(8), 597–604.
  • Decker, J. (2014). Legal literacy in education: An ideal time to increase research, advocacy, and action. Education Law Reporter, 304(1), 679-696.
  • Decker, J., & Brady, K. (2015). Increasing school employees' special education legal literacy. Journal of School Public Relations, 36(3), 231. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A467747409/AONE?u=azstatelibdev&sid=googleScholar&xid=1afbb3cb.
  • Decker, J., & Pazey, B. (2017). Case-based instruction to teach educators about the legal parameters surrounding the discipline of students with disabilities. Action In Teacher Education, 39(3), 255-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2017.1292160.
  • Decker, J., Ober, P., & Schimmel, D. (2019) The Attitudinal and behavioral impact of school law courses. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 14(2) 160-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942775117742647.
  • Donnelly, J. (2022). Man involved in zip-tie incident at Tucson-area school found guilty. Tucson.com. https://tucson.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/man-involved-in-zip-tie-incident-at-tucson-area-school-found-guilty/article_dd01048e-5635-11ed-baf4-af1beb7db8b6.html.
  • Fowler, F. (2014). Survey research methods. SAGE.
  • Fullan, M., & Kirtman, L. (2019). Coherent school leadership: Forging clarity from complexity. ASCD.
  • Ghaffar, A., & Naz, A. (2012). A comparative study of conflict management styles of pub¬lic and private schools’ principals. Bulletin of Education and Research, 34(2), 59–70.
  • Gilbert, K. (2017). Innovative leadership preparation: Enhancing legal literacy to create 21st Century ready principals. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 21(1), 1-17.
  • Grissom, J., Mitani, H., & Woo, D. (2019). Principal preparation programs and principal outcomes. Educational Administration Quarterly, 55(1), 73-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X18785865.
  • Hallinger, P., & Bridges, E. (2017). A systemic review of research on the use of problem-based learning in the preparation and development of school leaders. Educational Administration Quarterly, 53(2), 255-288. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X16659347.
  • Handford, V., & Leithwood, K. (2013). Why teachers trust school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(2), 194–212. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231311304706.
  • Hughes, T. (2014). Hiring at risk: Time to ensure hiring really is the most important thing we do. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 8 (1), 90-102.
  • Hughes, T. (2019). Mentoring school leaders through cultural conflict. Research in Educational Administration & Leadership, 4(3), 591-622. doi:10.30828/real/2019.3.6.
  • Jones, J. (2022). Confidence in U.S. Supreme Court sinks to historic low. https://news.gallup.com/poll/394103/confidence-supreme-court-sinks-historic-low.aspx.
  • Justice, B., & Stanley, J. (2016). Teaching in the time of Trump. Social Education, 80(1), 36-41.
  • Lewis, M., & Kern, S. (2018). Using education law as a tool to empower social justice leaders to promote LGBTQ inclusion. Educational Administration Quarterly, 54(5) 723-746. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X18769045.
  • McCarthy, M. (2016). The marginalization of school law research: Missed opportunities for educators. Education Law Reporter, 331, 565-584.
  • McKenzie, K., Christman, D., Hernandez, F., Fierro, E., Capper, C., Dantley, M., Gonzalez, M., Cambron-McCabe, N., & Sheurich, J. (2008). From the field: A proposal for educating leaders of social justice. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(1), 111-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X07309470.
  • McLean, J., & Ernest, J. (1997). Has testing for statistical significance outlived its usefulness? Annual Meeting for the Mid-South Educational Research Association. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED415265.pdf
  • Militello, M., Schimmel, D., & Eberwein, H. (2009). If they knew, they would change: How legal knowledge impacts principals’ practice. NASSP Bulletin, 93(1), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636509332691.
  • Miller, P. (2018). The nature of school leadership: Global practice perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan. National Policy Board for Educational Administration. (2015). Professional standards for educational leaders. https://www.npbea.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Professional-Standards-for-Educational-Leaders_2015.pdf.
  • O’Malley, M, & Capper, C. (2015). A measure of the quality of educational leadership programs for social justice: Integrating LGBTIQ identities into principal preparation. Educational Administration Quarterly, 51, 290-330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X14532468.
  • Orfield, G, & Frankenberg, E. (2014). Increasingly segregated and unequal schools as courts reverse policy. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(5), 718-734. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X14548942.
  • Pauken, P. (2012). “Are you prepared to defend the decisions you’ve made?” Reflective equilibrium, situational appreciation, and the legal and moral decisions of school leaders. Journal of School Leadership, 22(2), 350-384. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461202200206.
  • Pazey, B., & Cole, H. (2013). The role of special education training in the development of socially just leaders: Building an equity consciousness in educational leadership programs. Educational Administration Quarterly, 49, 243-271. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X12463934.
  • Perrone, F., & Tucker, P. (2019). Shifting profile of leadership preparation programs in the 21st Century. Educational Administration Quarterly, 55(2), 253-295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X18799473. Petty, T. (2016). The significance of principal preparation and education law: Principals’ perception of students’ rights. National Teacher Education Journal, 9(1), 25–38.
  • Redfield, S. (2003). The convergence of education and law: A new class of educators and lawyers. Indiana Law Review, 36, 609-643.
  • Salina, C., Girtz, S., & Eppinga, J. (2017). A turnaround success story. Educational Leadership,74, 67–71. Schimmel, D., & Militello, M. (2008). Legal literacy for teachers. Principal Leadership, 9(4), 54-58.
  • Schneider, T. (2020). A social constructivist grounded theory of school principal legal learning. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 1 (17), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942775120902191.
  • Spillane, J., & Lee, L. (2014). Novice school principal’s sense of ultimate responsibility: Problems of practice in transitioning to the principal’s office. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(03), 431-465. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X13505290.
  • Stapleford, T. (2007). In dispute: Conflict resolution for school leaders. Au¬thor House. Taylor, K. (2001). Legal literacy 101. Principal Leadership, 11(3), 8-10.
  • Theoharis, G. (2008). At every turn: The resistance that principals face in their pursuit of equity and justice. Journal of School Leadership, (18), 303-333.
  • Tie, F. (2014). A study on the legal literacy of urban public school administrators. Education and Urban Society, 46(2), 192-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124512446220.
  • Trotter, R.T. (2012). Qualitative research sample design and sample size: Resolving and unresolved issues and inferential imperatives. Preventative Medicine, 55 (2012), 398-400.
  • Tschannen-Moran, M. (2014). Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools (2nd Ed.). Jossey-Bass. Umpstead, R., Militello, M., & Eckes, S. (2016). Legal Literacy: Tools to avoid litigation in your school. Principal Leadership, 56-58.
  • Van Geel, T. (1995). Response to “Reflections on the knowledge base in law and ethics for educational leaders.” Educational Administration Quarterly, 31(4), 640-647.
  • Wellner, L. (2012). Building parent trust in the special education setting. Leadership, 41(4), 16–19.
  • Young, M. (2015). Effective leadership preparation: We know what it looks like and what it can do. Journal of Research on Leadership Education 10(1), 3-10. doi:10.1177/1942775115569419.
Year 2023, , 726 - 760, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1332904

Abstract

References

  • Ancona, D. (2012). Sensemaking: Framing and acting in the unknown. In S. Snook, N. Nohria, & R. Khurana (Eds.), The Handbook for Teaching Leadership. (pp. 3-17). SAGE.
  • Asimah, T., Mensah, H.K., & Oteng-Abayie, E. (2017). General, target, and accessible population: Demystifying the concepts for effective sampling. The Qualitative Report, 22(6), 1607-1621. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2017.2674.
  • Bolman, L., & Deal, T. (2013). Reframing organizations, 5th Edition. Jossey-Bass.
  • Boyland, L., Lehman, L., & Sriver, S. (2015). How effective are Indiana’s new principals? Implications for preparation and practice. Journal of Leadership Education, 14(11), 72-91. https://doi.org/10.12806/V14/I1/R5.
  • Bull, B., & McCarthy, M. (1995). Reflections on the knowledge base in law and ethics for educational leaders. Educational Administration Quarterly, 31(4), 613-631.
  • Capper, C. (2015). The 20TH-year anniversary of critical race theory in education: Implications for leading to eliminate racism. Educational Administration Quarterly, 51(5), 791-833. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X15607616.
  • Capper, C, & Young, M. (2014). Ironies and limitations of educational leadership for social justice: A call to social justice educators. Theory Into Practice, 53(2), 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2014.885814.
  • Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative & quantitative approaches, 3rd Edition. SAGE.
  • Creswell, J., & Guetterman, T. (2019). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson.
  • Cunningham, K., VanGroningen, B., Tucker, P., & Young, M. (2019). Using powerful learning experiences to prepare school leaders. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 14(1), 74-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942775118819672.
  • Darling-Hammond, L., & McLaughlin, M. (1995). Policies that support professional development in an era of reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(8), 597–604.
  • Decker, J. (2014). Legal literacy in education: An ideal time to increase research, advocacy, and action. Education Law Reporter, 304(1), 679-696.
  • Decker, J., & Brady, K. (2015). Increasing school employees' special education legal literacy. Journal of School Public Relations, 36(3), 231. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A467747409/AONE?u=azstatelibdev&sid=googleScholar&xid=1afbb3cb.
  • Decker, J., & Pazey, B. (2017). Case-based instruction to teach educators about the legal parameters surrounding the discipline of students with disabilities. Action In Teacher Education, 39(3), 255-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2017.1292160.
  • Decker, J., Ober, P., & Schimmel, D. (2019) The Attitudinal and behavioral impact of school law courses. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 14(2) 160-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942775117742647.
  • Donnelly, J. (2022). Man involved in zip-tie incident at Tucson-area school found guilty. Tucson.com. https://tucson.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/man-involved-in-zip-tie-incident-at-tucson-area-school-found-guilty/article_dd01048e-5635-11ed-baf4-af1beb7db8b6.html.
  • Fowler, F. (2014). Survey research methods. SAGE.
  • Fullan, M., & Kirtman, L. (2019). Coherent school leadership: Forging clarity from complexity. ASCD.
  • Ghaffar, A., & Naz, A. (2012). A comparative study of conflict management styles of pub¬lic and private schools’ principals. Bulletin of Education and Research, 34(2), 59–70.
  • Gilbert, K. (2017). Innovative leadership preparation: Enhancing legal literacy to create 21st Century ready principals. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 21(1), 1-17.
  • Grissom, J., Mitani, H., & Woo, D. (2019). Principal preparation programs and principal outcomes. Educational Administration Quarterly, 55(1), 73-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X18785865.
  • Hallinger, P., & Bridges, E. (2017). A systemic review of research on the use of problem-based learning in the preparation and development of school leaders. Educational Administration Quarterly, 53(2), 255-288. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X16659347.
  • Handford, V., & Leithwood, K. (2013). Why teachers trust school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(2), 194–212. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231311304706.
  • Hughes, T. (2014). Hiring at risk: Time to ensure hiring really is the most important thing we do. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 8 (1), 90-102.
  • Hughes, T. (2019). Mentoring school leaders through cultural conflict. Research in Educational Administration & Leadership, 4(3), 591-622. doi:10.30828/real/2019.3.6.
  • Jones, J. (2022). Confidence in U.S. Supreme Court sinks to historic low. https://news.gallup.com/poll/394103/confidence-supreme-court-sinks-historic-low.aspx.
  • Justice, B., & Stanley, J. (2016). Teaching in the time of Trump. Social Education, 80(1), 36-41.
  • Lewis, M., & Kern, S. (2018). Using education law as a tool to empower social justice leaders to promote LGBTQ inclusion. Educational Administration Quarterly, 54(5) 723-746. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X18769045.
  • McCarthy, M. (2016). The marginalization of school law research: Missed opportunities for educators. Education Law Reporter, 331, 565-584.
  • McKenzie, K., Christman, D., Hernandez, F., Fierro, E., Capper, C., Dantley, M., Gonzalez, M., Cambron-McCabe, N., & Sheurich, J. (2008). From the field: A proposal for educating leaders of social justice. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(1), 111-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X07309470.
  • McLean, J., & Ernest, J. (1997). Has testing for statistical significance outlived its usefulness? Annual Meeting for the Mid-South Educational Research Association. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED415265.pdf
  • Militello, M., Schimmel, D., & Eberwein, H. (2009). If they knew, they would change: How legal knowledge impacts principals’ practice. NASSP Bulletin, 93(1), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636509332691.
  • Miller, P. (2018). The nature of school leadership: Global practice perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan. National Policy Board for Educational Administration. (2015). Professional standards for educational leaders. https://www.npbea.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Professional-Standards-for-Educational-Leaders_2015.pdf.
  • O’Malley, M, & Capper, C. (2015). A measure of the quality of educational leadership programs for social justice: Integrating LGBTIQ identities into principal preparation. Educational Administration Quarterly, 51, 290-330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X14532468.
  • Orfield, G, & Frankenberg, E. (2014). Increasingly segregated and unequal schools as courts reverse policy. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(5), 718-734. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X14548942.
  • Pauken, P. (2012). “Are you prepared to defend the decisions you’ve made?” Reflective equilibrium, situational appreciation, and the legal and moral decisions of school leaders. Journal of School Leadership, 22(2), 350-384. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461202200206.
  • Pazey, B., & Cole, H. (2013). The role of special education training in the development of socially just leaders: Building an equity consciousness in educational leadership programs. Educational Administration Quarterly, 49, 243-271. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X12463934.
  • Perrone, F., & Tucker, P. (2019). Shifting profile of leadership preparation programs in the 21st Century. Educational Administration Quarterly, 55(2), 253-295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X18799473. Petty, T. (2016). The significance of principal preparation and education law: Principals’ perception of students’ rights. National Teacher Education Journal, 9(1), 25–38.
  • Redfield, S. (2003). The convergence of education and law: A new class of educators and lawyers. Indiana Law Review, 36, 609-643.
  • Salina, C., Girtz, S., & Eppinga, J. (2017). A turnaround success story. Educational Leadership,74, 67–71. Schimmel, D., & Militello, M. (2008). Legal literacy for teachers. Principal Leadership, 9(4), 54-58.
  • Schneider, T. (2020). A social constructivist grounded theory of school principal legal learning. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 1 (17), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942775120902191.
  • Spillane, J., & Lee, L. (2014). Novice school principal’s sense of ultimate responsibility: Problems of practice in transitioning to the principal’s office. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(03), 431-465. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X13505290.
  • Stapleford, T. (2007). In dispute: Conflict resolution for school leaders. Au¬thor House. Taylor, K. (2001). Legal literacy 101. Principal Leadership, 11(3), 8-10.
  • Theoharis, G. (2008). At every turn: The resistance that principals face in their pursuit of equity and justice. Journal of School Leadership, (18), 303-333.
  • Tie, F. (2014). A study on the legal literacy of urban public school administrators. Education and Urban Society, 46(2), 192-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124512446220.
  • Trotter, R.T. (2012). Qualitative research sample design and sample size: Resolving and unresolved issues and inferential imperatives. Preventative Medicine, 55 (2012), 398-400.
  • Tschannen-Moran, M. (2014). Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools (2nd Ed.). Jossey-Bass. Umpstead, R., Militello, M., & Eckes, S. (2016). Legal Literacy: Tools to avoid litigation in your school. Principal Leadership, 56-58.
  • Van Geel, T. (1995). Response to “Reflections on the knowledge base in law and ethics for educational leaders.” Educational Administration Quarterly, 31(4), 640-647.
  • Wellner, L. (2012). Building parent trust in the special education setting. Leadership, 41(4), 16–19.
  • Young, M. (2015). Effective leadership preparation: We know what it looks like and what it can do. Journal of Research on Leadership Education 10(1), 3-10. doi:10.1177/1942775115569419.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Educational Administration, Supervision, Planning and Economics (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Thomas Hughes

Early Pub Date November 5, 2023
Publication Date December 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Hughes, T. (2023). School Administrators’ Priorities for Legal Literacy Training. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 8(4), 726-760. https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1332904
AMA Hughes T. School Administrators’ Priorities for Legal Literacy Training. REAL. December 2023;8(4):726-760. doi:10.30828/real.1332904
Chicago Hughes, Thomas. “School Administrators’ Priorities for Legal Literacy Training”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 8, no. 4 (December 2023): 726-60. https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1332904.
EndNote Hughes T (December 1, 2023) School Administrators’ Priorities for Legal Literacy Training. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 8 4 726–760.
IEEE T. Hughes, “School Administrators’ Priorities for Legal Literacy Training”, REAL, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 726–760, 2023, doi: 10.30828/real.1332904.
ISNAD Hughes, Thomas. “School Administrators’ Priorities for Legal Literacy Training”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 8/4 (December 2023), 726-760. https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1332904.
JAMA Hughes T. School Administrators’ Priorities for Legal Literacy Training. REAL. 2023;8:726–760.
MLA Hughes, Thomas. “School Administrators’ Priorities for Legal Literacy Training”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, vol. 8, no. 4, 2023, pp. 726-60, doi:10.30828/real.1332904.
Vancouver Hughes T. School Administrators’ Priorities for Legal Literacy Training. REAL. 2023;8(4):726-60.


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