The Relationship Between Inclusive Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: The Mediating Role of Inclusive Climate and Emotional Commitment

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 414 - 473, 30.09.2024

Çağlar Çelik , Soner Polat , Emre Esen

https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1420668

Abstract

This study explores how inclusive leadership shapes innovative work behavior, focusing on the intermediary effects of emotional commitment and an inclusive climate in Turkish public schools. Drawing on data from 364 teachers in Kocaeli, the research utilized a range of scales to assess aspects like inclusive leadership, emotional commitment, inclusive climate, and innovative work behavior. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results show a positive impact of inclusive leadership on innovative work behavior. However, the impact is mediated through the presence of an inclusive climate and high levels of emotional commitment. The findings suggest that while inclusive leadership is necessary for fostering innovation, it is the combination of an emotionally supportive and inclusively diverse environment that truly enhances innovative behaviors among teachers. This comprehensive approach not only supports the innovative capacity of individuals but also contributes to a more dynamic and creative educational atmosphere. This study highlights the importance of adopting a holistic leadership strategy in educational institutions. It underscores the need for school administrators to not only practice inclusive leadership but also actively cultivate an environment that values diversity and fosters emotional commitment. By doing so, schools can become fertile grounds for innovation, benefiting educators and students alike. The research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms through which leadership can influence organizational behavior and offers a framework for fostering innovation in educational settings.

Keywords

Inclusive Leadership, Innovative Work Behavior, Emotional Commitment, Inclusive Climate

References

• Afsar, B., Cheema, S., & Bin Saeed, B. (2019). Do nurses display innovative work behavior when their values match with hospitals’ values? European Journal of Innovation Management, 21(1), 157-179. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-01-2017-0007
• Afsar, B., & Umrani, W.A. (2020). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of motivation to learn, task complexity and innovation climate. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23(3), 402-428. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0257
• Al-Atwi, A. A., & Al-Hassani, K. K. (2021). Inclusive leadership: Scale validation and potential consequences. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(8), 1222-1240. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-08-2020-0327
• Alay, H.K., & Can, E. (2019). Örgütlerde cinsel yönelim temeline dayalı kimlik: Farklılık iklimi algısı, bireysel ve örgütsel çıktıların incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 22(1), 315-324. https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.526361
• Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
• Arnold, J.A., Arad, S., Rhoades, J.A., & Drasgow, F. (2000). The empowering leadership questionnaire: The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring leader behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 249-269. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200005)21:3%3C249::AID-JOB10%3E3.0.CO;2-%23
• Ashikali, T., Groeneveld, S., & Kuipers, B. (2020). The role of inclusive leadership in supporting an inclusive climate in diverse public sector teams. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 41(3), 497–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X19899722
• Aslan, H. (2019a). The mediating role of inclusive leadership in the effect of work engagement on innovative work behavior. OPUS–International Journal of Society Researches, 14(20), 1055-1069. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.625785
• Aslan, H. (2019b). Mediating role of perceived organizational support in inclusive leadership's effect on innovative work behavior. BMIJ, 7(5), 2945-2963. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i5.1299
• Bannay, D. F., Hadi, M. J., & Amanah, A. A. (2020). The impact of inclusive leadership behaviors on innovative workplace behavior with an emphasis on the mediating role of work engagement. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(3), 479-491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.39
• Baş, M. (2022). Kamu çalışanlarının kapsayıcı liderlik algısı üzerine bir araştırma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(1), 343-354. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gumus/issue/68497/1019637 Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
• Boekhorst, J. A. (2015). The role of authentic leadership in fostering workplace inclusion: A social information processing perspective. Human Resource Management, 54(2), 241–264. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21669 Bortini, P., Paci, A., Rise, A., & Rojnik, I. (2018). Inclusive leadership. School for Leaders Foundation. https://inclusiveleadership.eu/il_theoreticalframework_en.pdf
• Brimhall, K. C., & Mor Barak, M. E. (2018). The critical role of workplace inclusion in fostering innovation, job satisfaction, and quality of care in a diverse human service organization. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 42(5), 474–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2018.1526151
• Buskirk, M. V. (2020). Inclusive leadership, psychological empowerment, and affective organizational commitment: A mediated model [Unpublished master’s thesis]. San José State University. https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8713&context=etd_theses
• Buttner, E. H., Lowe, K. B., & Billings-Harris, L. (2012). An empirical test of diversity climate dimensionality and relative effects on employee of color outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 110(3), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1179-0
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, (32), 470-483. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kuey/issue/10365/126871
• Carmeli, A., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Ziv, E. (2010). Inclusive leadership and employee involvement in creative tasks in the workplace: the mediating role of psychological safety. Creativity Research Journal, 22(3), 250-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2010.504654
• Chin, J. L. (Ed.) (2009). The psychology of prejudice and discrimination: A revised and condensed edition. Praeger.
• Choi, S. B., Tran, T. B. H., & Kang, S. W. (2017). Inclusive leadership and employee well-being: The mediating role of person-job fit. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(6), 1877–1901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9801-6
• Choi, S. B., Tran, T. B. H., & Park, B. I. (2015). Inclusive leadership and work engagement: Mediating roles of affective organizational commitment and creativity. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 43(6), 931–943. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.6.931
• Chrobot-Mason, D., & Aramovich, N. P. (2013). The psychological benefits of creating an affirming climate for workplace diversity. Group & Organization Management, 38(6), 659–689. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601113509835
• Chrobot-Mason, D., Ruderman, M. D., & Nishii, L. H. (2014). Leadership in a diverse workplace. In D. Day (Ed.), Oxford handbook of leadership and organizations (pp. 683–708). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199755615.001.0001
• Chughtai, A. A. (2013). Linking affective commitment to supervisor to work outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28(6), 606-627. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-09-2011-0050
• Creswell (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson.
• Cunningham, J. B. (2023). Defining the climate for inclusiveness and multiculturalism: Linking to context. Administrative Sciences, 13(4), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13040100
• Çetin, S. (2021). Örgütsel güvenin duygusal bağlılığa etkisi. Sakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 187-191. https://doi.org/10.47542/sauied.938283
• Çimen, İ., & Yücel, C. (2017). Yenilikçi davranış ölçeği (YDÖ): Türk kültürüne uyarlama çalışması. Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi, 6(3), 365-381. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.801853
• Dağlı, A., Elçiçek, Z, & Han, B. (2018). Örgütsel bağlılık ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(68), 1788-1800. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.445932
• De Jong, J. P. J., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2008). Innovative work behavior: Measurement and validation. EIM Business and Policy Research, 8(1), 1-27. https://ondernemerschap.panteia.nl/pdf-ez/h200820.pdf
• De Jong, J. P. J., & Wennekers, S. (2008). Intrapreneurship: Conceptualizing entrepreneurial employee behaviour. EIM Business and Policy Research.
• De Jong, J. P. J., & Den Hartog, D.N. (2007). How leaders influence employees' innovative behaviour. European Journal of Innovation Management, 10(1), 41-64. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060710720546
• De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. (2010). Measuring innovative work behaviour. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23-36.
• Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. Plenum Press.
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
• Dwertmann, D. J. G., & Boehm, S. A. (2016). Status matters: The asymmetric effects of supervisor–subordinate disability incongruence and climate for inclusion. Academy of Management Journal, 59(1), 44-64. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0093
• Dwertmann, D. J. G., Nishii, L. H., & van Knippenberg, D. (2016). Disentangling the fairness & discrimination and synergy perspectives on diversity climate: Moving the field forward. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1136–1168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316630380
• Ellemers, N., Pagliaro, S., & Barreto, M. (2013). Morality and behavioural regulation in groups: A social identity approach. European Review of Social Psychology, 24(1), 160-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2013.841490
• Erdem, A. T. (2021). Güçlendirici liderliğin yenilikçi iş davranışına etkisinde bilgi paylaşımının aracılık rolü: Bilişim sektöründe bir araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30(1), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.824655
• Erkal, P. (2023). Kapsayıcı liderliğin çalışan performansı üzerine etkisi: Yenilikçi iş davranışlarının aracı rolü. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 19(4), 822-843. http://dx.doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.1336195
• Fang, Y., Chen, J.-Y., Wang, M.-J., & Chen, C.-Y (2019). The impact of inclusive leadership on employees’ innovative behaviors: The mediation of psychological capital. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1803), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01803
• Farr, J. L., & Ford, C. M. (1990). Individual innovation. In M. A. West & J. L. Farr (Eds.), Innovation and creativity at work: Psychological and organizational strategies (pp. 63–80). John Wiley & Sons.
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
• Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
• Franke, G., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). Heuristics versus statistics in discriminant validity testing: A comparison of four procedures. Internet Research, 29(3), 430–447. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-12-2017-0515
• Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
• Giray, M. D., & Şahin, D. N. (2014). Liderlik stillerinin duygusal bağlılık ve işten ayrılma niyetiyle ilişkilerinde örgütsel destek algısının aracılık rolü. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 29(73), 1-14. https://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/yayinlar/dergiler/1031828/tpd1300443320140000m000052.pdf
• Gonzalez, J.A., & DeNisi, A.S. (2009). Cross-level effects of demography and diversity climate on organizational attachment and firm effectiveness. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 21-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.498
• Gotsis, G., & Grimani, K. (2016). Diversity as an aspect of effective leadership: Integrating and moving forward. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 37(2), 241–264. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-06-2014-0107
• Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5
• Gül, E., & Çakıcı, A. B. (2021). Kapsayıcı liderlik ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması ve kapsayıcı liderliğin iş performansı üzerindeki etkisinde psikolojik güvenliğin aracılık rolü. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 24(2), 323-339. https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.895678
• Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62(4), 461–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.032
• Hair J. F., E., Ringle C., M., & Sarstedt M., (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-151. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
• Hair, J. F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
• Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Pieper, T.M., & Ringle, C.M. (2012). The use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in strategic management research: A review of past practices and recommendations for future applications. Long Range Planning, 45(5), 320-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.09.008
• Hakimian, F., Farid, H., Ismail, M. N., & Nair, P. K. (2016). Importance of commitment in encouraging employees’ innovative behaviour. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 8(1), 1-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-06-2015-0054
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C., M., & Sarstedt, M., (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
• Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
• Hofhuis, J., van der Rijt, P. G. A., & Vlug, M. (2016). Diversity climate enhances work outcomes through trust and openness in workgroup communication. Springerplus, 5(714), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2499-4
• Hollander, E. P. (2012). Inclusive leadership: The essential leader-follower relationship, Routledge.
• Huang, J., Wang, Y., & You, X. (2016). The job demands-resources model and job burnout: The mediating role of personal resources. Current Psychology, 35(4), 562-569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-015-9321-2
• Işık, C., & Aydın, E. (2016). Bilgi paylaşımının yenilikçi iş davranışına etkisi: Ayder yaylası konaklama işletmeleri üzerine bir uygulama. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 5(2), 75-103. https://openaccess.artvin.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11494/4078/ekrem_aydin.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
• Jafri, M. H. (2010). Organizational commitment and employee's innovative behaviour: A study in retail sector. Journal of Management Research, 10(1), 62-68.
• Jain, R. (2015). Employee innovative behavior: A conceptual framework. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(1), 1-16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43974534
• Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness and innovative work behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(3), 287–302. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317900167038
• Janssen, O. (2004). How fairness perceptions make innovative behavior more or less stressful. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 201-215. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.238
• Jaros, S. (2007). Meyer and Allen model of organizational commitment: Measurement issues. The Icfai Journal of Organizational Behavior, 6(4), 7-25.
• Javed, B., Abdullah, I., Zaffar, M. A., ul Haque, A., & Rubab, U. (2019). Inclusive leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Management & Organization, 25(4), 554-571. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.50
• Javed, B., Naqvi, S. M. M. R., Khan, A. K., Arjoon, S., & Tayyeb, H. H. (2019). Impact of inclusive leadership on innovative work behavior: The role of psychological safety. Journal of Management & Organization, 25(1), 117-136. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.3
• Kossek, E. E., & Zonia, S. C. (1993). Assessing diversity climate: A field study of reactions to employer efforts to promote diversity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 61-81. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140107
• Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
• Kurkan, G., & Polat, S. (2021). Adaptation of diversity climate scale to Turkish, in O. Titrek, G. Sezen-Gultekin, M. P. Kodric, C. S. Reis (Eds.), 7th international conference on lifelong education and leadership for all conference proceeding book (pp. 172-184). ICLEL Publication. https://www.iclel.com/_files/ugd/d546b1_745a6ba405354ab69327f6cea8d73ea8.pdf
• Lambert, J. (2016). Cultural diversity as a mechanism for innovation: Workplace diversity and the absorptive capacity framework. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 20(1), 68-77. https://hdl.handle.net/11274/12976
• Luu, T. T. (2019). Can diversity climate shape service innovative behavior in Vietnamese and Brazilian tour companies? The role of work passion. Tourism Management, 72, 326-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.12.011
• Ma Prieto, I., & Pilar Pérez-Santana, M. (2014). Managing innovative work behavior: The role of human resource practices. Personnel Review, 43(2), 184–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2012-0199
• Mahmod, L. S., (2022). The effect of authentic leadership on innovative work behavior, psychological empowerment and work engagement: A research in banking sector, [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Okan University.
• Mavi, A. (2022). Kapsayıcı liderliğin yenilikçi iş davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde algılanan örgütsel desteğin rolü. In İktisadi̇ ve İdari̇ Bilimlerde Akademik Analiz ve Tartışmalar (pp. 659-669). Özgür Yayın Dağıtım. https://www.imperialyayin.com/yeni-%C3%A7ikanlar/iktisadi-ve-idari-bilimlerde/iktisadi-ve-idari-bilimlerde-kitap
• Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace. Theory, research and application. Sage Publications.
• Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538-551. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538
• Moon, T. W., & Hur, W. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence, emotional exhaustion, and job performance. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 39(8), 1087-1096. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.8.1087
• Mor Barak, M. E. (2005). Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage.
• Mor Barak, M. E., Cherin, D. A. and Berkman, S. (1998). Organizational and personal dimensions in diversity climate. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 34(1), 82–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886398341006
• Mor Barak, M. E., Lizano, E. L., Kim, A., Duan, L., Rhee, M.-K., Hsiao, H.-Y., & Brimhall, K. C. (2016). The promise of diversity management for climate of inclusion: A state-of-the-art review and meta-analysis. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 40(4), 305-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2016.1138915
• Mor Barak, M. E., Luria, G., & Brimhall, K. C. (2022). What leaders say versus what they do: Inclusive leadership, policy-practice decoupling, and the anomaly of climate for inclusion. Group & Organization Management, 47(4), 840-871. https://doi.org/10.1177/10596011211005916
• Morley, M. J., Heraty, N., & Michailova, S. (2016). Managing human resources in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge.
• Müceldili, B., Tatar, B., & Erdil, O. (2018). Kapsayıcı liderlik ve öznel ilişkisel deneyimin psikolojik uygunluğa etkisi: Bir model önerisi. In 6. örgütsel davranış kongresi bildiriler kitabı (pp. 602-610).
• Muchtar, Y. C., Absah, Y., Sadalia, I., & Siahaan, E. (2021). The role of innovative work behaviour as the mediator between inclusive leadership and subjective career success. In 3rd international conference on business and management of technology (ICONBMT 2021) (pp. 219-225). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.211226.029
• Mumford, M. D., Scott, G. M., Gaddis, B., & Strange, J. M. (2002). Leading creative people: Orchestrating expertise and relationships, The Leadership Quarterly. 13(6), 705-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00158-3
• Najmaei, A., & Sadeghinejad Z. (2019). Inclusive leadership: A scientometric assessment of an emerging field. Diversity within Diversity Management: Types of Diversity in Organizations, 22, 221-245. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1877-636120190000022012
• Nelissen, P. T. J. H., Hülsheger, U. R., van Ruitenbeek, G. M. C., & Zijlstra, F. R. H. (2017). Lending a helping hand at work: A multilevel investigation of prosocial motivation, inclusive climate and inclusive behavior. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 27, 467–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-016-9680-z
• Nembhard, I. M., & Edmondson, A. C. (2006). Making it safe: The effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(7), 941–966. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.413
• Nguyen, P. V., Le, H. T. N., Trinh, T. V. A., & Do, H. T. S. (2019). The effects of inclusive leadership on job performance through mediators. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 24(2), 63–94. https://ejournal.usm.my/aamj/article/view/82
• Nishii, L. H. (2013). The benefits of climate for inclusion for gender-diverse groups. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), 1754–1774. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0823
• Nishii, L. H., & Mayer, D. M. (2009). Do inclusive leaders help to reduce turnover in diverse groups? The moderating role of leader–member exchange in the diversity to turnover relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1412-1426. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017190
• Obaid, H. J., & Al-Abachee, A. S. F. (2020). The role of inclusive leadership in enhancing the strategic flexibility. International Journal of Psychological Rehabilitation, 24(7), 6766–6776. https://www.psychosocial.com/archives/volume-24/Issue%207/18086
• Okçu, V., & Deviren, İ. (2021). Kapsayıcı liderlik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Elektronik Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(20), 321-333. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ejedus/issue/65989/1010868
• Özcan, G. (2020). Personel güçlendirme ve yenilikçi iş davranışı arasındaki ilişki: örgütsel yaratıcılığın aracılık etkisi [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Hatay Mustafa Kemal University.
• Panaccio, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2009). Perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(2), 224-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.06.002
• Patterson, A., & Byrd, M. (2022). The conceptual development of the interdependent model of inclusivity. https://hrgradcapstone.oucreate.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Inclusive-Leadership-Model.pdf
• Perry-Smith J. E., & Shalley C. E. (2003). The social side of creativity: a static and dynamic social network perspective. The Academy of Management Review, 28(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.2307/30040691
• Pieterse, A. N., Van Knippenberg, D., Schippers, M., & Stam, D. (2010). Transformational and transactional leadership and innovative behavior: The moderating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(4), 609-623. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.650
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of management, 26(3), 513-563. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600307
• Polat S., & Çelik Ç., (2023). Kapsayıcı liderlik ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi/Journal of Higher Education and Science, 13(2), 303-308. https://doi.org/10.5961/higheredusci.1085320 Pugh, S., Dietz, J., Brief, A., & Wiley, J. (2008). Looking inside and out: The impact of employee and community demographic composition on organizational diversity climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1422-1428. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012696
• Pukienė, A. (2016). Innovative work behavior-the role of human resource management and affective commitment [Unpublished master’s thesis]. ISM University of Management and Economics. http://gs.elaba.lt/object/elaba:18899278/18899278.pdf
• Qi, L., Liu, B., Wei, X., & Hu, Y. (2019). Impact of inclusive leadership on employee innovative behavior: Perceived organizational support as a mediator. PLoS ONE, 14(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212091
• Rademaker, M.E., Schuberth, F., & Dijkstra, T.K. (2019). Measurement error correlation within blocks of indicators in consistent partial least squares: Issues and remedies. Internet Research, 29(3), 448-463. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-12-2017-0525
• Rahmi, A. K., & Desiana, P. M. (2023). Linking inclusive leadership, workplace spirituality, and innovative work behaviour to job performance: An empirical study in public sector. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Management, 16(3), 437–453. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmtt.v16i3.50976
• Randel, A. E., Dean, M. A., Ehrhart, K. H., Chung, B., & Shore, L. (2016). Leader inclusiveness, psychological diversity climate, and helping behaviors. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(1), 216–234. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-04-2013-0123
• Randel, A. E., Galvin, B. M., Shore, L. M., Ehrhart, K. H., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A., & Kedharnath, U. (2018). Inclusive leadership: Realizing positive outcomes through belongingness and being valued for uniqueness. Human Resource Management Review, 28(2), 190-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2017.07.002
• Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: the contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825-836.
• Rigdon, E. E. (2012). Rethinking partial least squares path modeling: In praise of simple methods. Long Range Planning, 45(5–6), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.09.010
• Schaijk, S. V. (2018). The Relationship between affective organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior and innovative behavior. In a research with extensive training and innovative organizational climate as moderators [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Radboud University. https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/123456789/5792/Schaijk%2C_Sigrid_van_1.pdf?sequence=1
• Schuberth, F., Henseler, J., & Dijkstra, T.K. (2018). Partial least squares path modeling using ordinal categorical indicators. Quality and Quantity, 52(1), 9-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-016-0401-7
• Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1998). Following the leader in R&D: The joint effect of subordinate problem-solving style and leader-member relations on innovative behavior. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 45(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/17.658656
• Sezgin, O. B., Uçar, Z., & Duygulu, E. (2015). Güven, yenilikçi iş davranışı ilişkisinde bilgi paylaşımının aracılık rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.24889/ifede.268156
• Shakil, R. M., Memon, M. A., & Ting, H. (2021). Inclusive leadership and innovative work behaviour: The mediating role of job autonomy. Quality & Quantity, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01102-0
• Shanker, R., Bhanugopan, R., van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Farrell, M. (2017). Organizational climate for innovation and organizational performance: The mediating effect of innovative work behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.02.004
• Shin, S. J., Yuan, F., & Zhou, J. (2017). When perceived innovation job requirement increases employee innovative behavior: A sensemaking perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(1), 68-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2111
• Shore, L.M., Randel, A.E., Chung, B.G., Dean, M.A., Holcombe Ehrhart, K., & Singh, G. (2011). Inclusion and diversity in work groups: A review and model for future research. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1262-1289. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0149206310385943
• Solinger, O., Van Olffen, W., & Roe, R. A. (2008). Beyond the three-component model of organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 70-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.70
• Spreitzer, G. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442–1465. https://www.jstor.org/stable/256865
• Strom, D. L., Sears, K. L., & Kelly, K. M. (2014). Work engagement: The roles of organizational justice and leadership style in predicting engagement among employees. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(1), 71-82. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1548051813485437
• Sürücü, L., & Maslakçı, A. (2021). Kapsayıcı liderlik ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 22(2), 201-215. https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.973009
• Şentürk, H. A. (2019). Kapsayıcı liderlik davranışı ve iş modeli ilişkisi [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Adnan Menderes University.
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Brooks/Cole.
• Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. (1986). The significance of the social identity concept for social psychology with reference to individualism, interactionism and social influence. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25(3), 237-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00732.x
• Van Knippenberg, D., & Schippers, M. C. (2007). Work group diversity. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 515-541. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085546
• Van Knippenberg, D., Van Knippenberg, B., De Cremer, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2004). Leadership, self, and identity: A review and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 825-856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.002
• Wang, Y. X., Yang, Y. J., Wang, Y., Su, D., Li, S. W., Zhang, T., & Li, H. P. (2019). The mediating role of inclusive leadership: Work engagement and innovative behaviour among Chinese head nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(4), 688–696. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12754
• Xiang, H., Chen, Y., & Zhao, F. (2017). Inclusive leadership, psychological capital, and employee innovation performance: The moderating role of leader-member exchange. DEStech Transactions on Social Science, Education and Human Science, 13(811330). 111–115. https://doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/hsmet2017/16465
• Ye, Q., Wang, D., & Guo, W. (2019). Inclusive leadership and team innovation: The role of team voice and performance pressure, European Management Journal. 37(4), 468–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.01.006
• Yıldırım, E. (2021). Okullarda kapsayıcı liderlik ve danışmanlık: Sığınmacı öğrenciler. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 25, 130-155. https://www.enadonline.com/index.php/enad/article/download/1091/628
• Yuan, F., & Woodman, R. W. (2010). Innovative behavior in the workplace: The role of performance and image outcome expectations. The Academy of Management Journal, 53(2), 323-342. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2010.49388995
• Zhang, Y., Huai, M. Y., & Xie, Y. H. (2015). Paternalistic leadership and employee voice in China: A dual process model. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(1), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.01.002
• Zhong, J., Li, Y., & Luo, J. (2021). The trickle-down effects of inclusive leadership on employees’ innovative behavior: The joint moderating effects of vicarious learning and organizational inclusion climate. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 29(3), 342–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518211059941