Kamusallığın Siyasal İşlevinin Dönüşümü

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 193 - 206, 01.01.2020

Cumhur Olcar

Abstract

19. yüzyıldan itibaren savaş ikliminde basın yayın organlarının siyasallaşması daha açık bir şekilde görüldü. Yeni tekniklerin de gelişmesiyle gazetecilik artık şahsi menfaatlerin yayılımına doğrudan hizmet eder oldu. Kamusal çıkar ve kamusal alanın genişlemesi böylece mümkün oldu. Kanaatlerin idaresi gittikçe siyasallaşacak ve kamusallığı siyasal kamuya odaklanmasıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Reklamlar gittikçe tüketim aracı olan kişileri topluluklar halinde kamusallaştırmakta ve onlara yönelik araçları hedeflemeye başlamıştır. Reklamlar tüketici oldukları ölçüde diğer şahısları hedefine alır ve halkla ilişkilerin adresini kamu oyu olarak belirler. Artık özel şahısların sahip olduğu kitle iletişim organları kendisini bir özel gruba aidiyet şeklinde bağlarken reklamlarda şahıslara özel olmakla birlikte bir özel topluluğa tüketim bakımından ortak olmaktadır. Yayıncılar kamu yararı için yaptıkları çalışmalar içerisinde ticari amaçlarını gizlemektedirler. Tüketim toplumlumu hedefinin etki altına alınan kitle iletişim araçları özel şahısların sahip oldukları yayınları artık düşünce üreten kamusal topluluğun üretiminden ziyade özel şahıslara bir grup olarak bakan ve etki altına almaya çalışan yayınlar haline gelirler. Siyasi görüşler ve kimlikler daha da ticari hale gelmektedir. Bu haliyle meslek örgütüne ait her bir yayıncı kamusallığın işlevini siyaseten değiştirmekte ve özel çıkarlar etrafında ortaya çıkan rekabete yer vermektedir. Demokrasi idaresinden mahrum kalan vatandaşın kamusal alanı giderek özel alan ile iç içe geçmekte ve siyasal olarak dönüşmektedir. Bu makale siyasetin yayın organları aracılığıyla ticarileşmesini ile kamusal alanın kitle iletişim araçları aracılığıyla siyasal olarak ticarileşmesini kamusallığın dönüşümü başlığı etrafında inceleyecektir

Keywords

kamusallık, siyasal dönüşüm, sivil toplum ve toplumsal güç

Transformation of the Political Function of Publicity

Abstract

From the 19th century to the 21st century, the politicalization of media organs was more clearly seen in the war climate. With the development of new techniques, journalism now directly serves the spread of personal interests. Public interest and expansion of the public sphere were thus possible. The management of opinions will become increasingly politicized, and has resulted in a public focus on the political public. Advertisements are increasingly publicizing people who are consumers and starting to target the tools for them. Advertisements target other people to the extent that they are consumers and determine the address of public relations as a public vote. While the mass media organs owned by private individuals connect themselves as belonging to a private group, they are exclusive to individuals in advertisements, but they are common to a private community in terms of consumption. Publishers conceal their commercial goals in their work for the public good. Mass media, which are influenced by the consumer society target, become publications that look and influence individuals as a group rather than the production of the public community that generates thoughts. Political views and identities are becoming more commercial. As such, each publisher of the professional organization politically changes the function of publicity and includes competition that arises around private interests. The public sphere of the citizen deprived of the administration of democracy is increasingly intertwined with the private sphere and transformed politically. This article will examine the commercialization of politics through the media, and the commercialization of the public sphere through mass media around the transformation of publicity

Keywords

publicity, political transformation, civil society and social power

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