The Electrospinning of Different Hemostatic Agents and Their Effectiveness

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 16.04.2024

Başak Ünver Koluman , Mahmed Sari Njjar , Ahmet Koluman

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to present effective solutions for severe bleeding and tissue damage occurring during situations such as conflicts, disasters, and crises. The aim is to produce nanofibers that can serve as a hemostatic wound dressing, capable of both accelerating wound healing and controlling bleeding. Nanofibers are produced through the electrospinning method by combining hemostatic agents such as adrenaline, Transamin® (TXA), and Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer. The morphology, chemical bonding, and hemostatic activity of these nanofibers are extensively analyzed. The feasibility of these nanofibers for medical applications, particularly as wound dressings, was investigated. Results: Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images reveal that increased concentrations of adrenaline, TXA, and ABS result in the formation of beaded fibers. While ABS/PVA and TXA/PVA nanofibers have similar average diameters, ABS/PVA exhibits a more beaded morphology. According to hemostatic activity tests, clotting times were similar for adrenaline/PVA and TXA/PVA nanofibers, whereas ABS/PVA nanofibers exhibited a shorter clotting time. Among the findings, adrenaline/PVA nanofibers had the longest clotting time at 4.088 seconds. On the other hand, ABS/PVA nanofibers had the shortest clotting time at 3.819 seconds. An effective hemostatic agent should be able to stop bleeding within 2 minutes after application to the wound site in in vitro settings, without requiring mixing or preparation, and should be easily applicable to wounded areas. The developed hemostatic nanofibers demonstrated the ability to form clots within seconds. The resulting nanofibers from this study will not only contribute to public health but also significantly enhance survival processes.

Keywords

Astringents, Hemorrhage, Bleeding Time, Ankaferd Blood Stopper, Adrenaline, Tranexamic Acid

Farklı Hemostatik Ajanların Elektroeğirme Yöntemiyle Üretimi ve Etkinliği

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çatışmalar, felaketler ve krizler gibi durumlar sırasında meydana gelen ciddi kanama ve doku hasarına yönelik etkili çözümler sunmak amacıyla hem yara iyileşmesini hızlandırabilen hem de kanamayı kontrol edebilen bir hemostatik yara örtüsü olarak kullanılabilecek nanolifler üretmektir. Nanolifler, elektroeğirme yöntemiyle adrenalin, Transamin® (TXA) ve Ankaferd Kan Durdurucu® (ABS) gibi hemostatik maddeler ile polivinil alkol (PVA) polimerinin birleşimiyle elde edilmektedir. Çalışmada nanoliflerin morfolojisi, kimyasal bağ yapısı ve hemostatik aktivitesi ayrıntılı şekilde analiz edilmektedir. Bu nanoliflerin tıbbi uygulamalarda, özellikle yara örtüsü olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Alan emisyonlu taramalı elektron mikroskobu (FESEM) görüntülerine göre, adrenalin, TXA ve ABS konsantrasyonunun artmasıyla boncuklu lifler oluşmaya başlamıştır. ABS/PVA ve TXA/PVA nanoliflerinin ortalama çapları aynı olmasına rağmen, ABS/PVA daha fazla boncuklu morfolojiye sahiptir. Hemostatik aktivite testlerine göre, adrenalin/PVA ve TXA/PVA nanoliflerinin pıhtılaşma süreleri benzerdi; ancak ABS/PVA nanoliflerinin pıhtılaşma süresi daha kısaydı. Bulgulara göre, adrenalin/PVA nanolifleri en uzun pıhtılaşma süresine sahipti ve bu süre 4.088 saniyeydi. Öte yandan, ABS/PVA nanolifleri en kısa pıhtılaşma süresine sahipti ve bu süre 3.819 saniyeydi. İyi bir hemostat, in vitro uygulamalarda yara bölgesine uygulandıktan sonra 2 dakika içinde kanamayı durdurabilmeli, karıştırma veya hazırlama gerektirmemeli ve yaralı bölgelere basitçe uygulanabilmelidir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen hemostatik nanoliflerin saniyeler içinde pıhtı oluşturabilme yeteneği gösterilmiştir. Geliştirilen nanolifler, sadece halk sağlığı açısından değil, aynı zamanda hayatta kalma süreçlerine güçlü bir katkı sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

Kanamayı Durdurucular, Kanama Zamanı, Ankaferd Kan Durdurucu, Adrenalin, Traneksamik Asit

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