THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND THE GENDER ROLE IN THIS RELATION

F. Ceyda Suer

doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.752

Research Article

Year 2017, , 434 - 446, 30.12.2017

F. Ceyda Suer

https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.752

Abstract

References

Abramson, L. Y.,Seligman, M. E. P. ve Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learnedhelplessnessin humans: Critiqueandreformulation. Journal of AbnormalPsychology, 87, 19-74
Acker, S. (2005). Gender, leadership and change in faculties of education in three countries. In J. Collard & C. Reynolds (Eds.), Leadership gender & culture in education: Male and female perspectives. Maindenhead: Open University Press.
Alimo-Metcalfe, B. (1995). An Investigation of Femaleand Male Construct of Leadershipand Empowerment, Women in Management Review,10, (2), cited by MalcolmHiggs (2002). How can WeMake Sense of Leadership in the 21st Century, TheLeadership&Organization Development Journal, 24, (5) , 273-284.
Argyris, C. (1988). Empowerment: theemperor’snewclothes, Harvard Business Review,76,(3), 98-105.
Ashforth, B. E. (1989). Socialidentitytheoryandtheorganization. Academy of Management Review, 14, 20-39.
Avolio, B. J.,Zhu, W., Koh, W., Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformationalleadershipandorganizationalcommitment: mediating role of psychologicalempowermentandmoderating role of structuraldistance. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 25, 951-968.
Aycan, Z. (2001). Paternalizm: Liderlik anlayışına ilişkin üç görgül çalışma, Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1, (1), 11-33.
Aycan,Z.(2005).Paternalizm:YönetimveLiderlikAnlayısınaİliskinÜçGörgülÇalısma, http://www.yad.baskent.edu.tr/makale.html, Erisim Tarihi: 14.03.2010
Aycan, Z. ve Paşa, S. F. Pasa. (2003). CareerChoices, JobSelectionCriteria, andLeadershipPreferences in a TransitionalNation: The Case of Turkey, Journal of Career Development, 30, (2), 129-144
Bakan, İ.,Büyükbeşe, T. ve Bedestenci, Ç. (2004). Örgüt Sırlarının Çözümünde Örgüt Kültürü: Teorik ve Ampirik Yaklaşım. Alfa Yayım, İstanbul.
Bandura, A. (1986). Socialfoundations of thoughtandaction: A socialcognitiveviewEnglewoodCliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifyingtheory of behavioralchange. PsychologicalReview, 84, 191-215.
Bartram, T.,Casimir, G., Waldman, D. A. ve Yang, S. (2006). TrustandTheRelationshipBetweenLeadershipandFollowerPerformance: OpeningThe Black Box in AustraliaandChina, Journal of Leadership&OrganizationalStudies, 12, (3), 68-8
Bass, B.M. ve Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, Character, andAuthenticTransformational LeadershipBehavior. LeadershipQuarterly Bass, B.M. ve Avolio, B.J. (1995). MultifactorLeadershipQuestionnaire for Research, MindGarden, Palo Alto, CA.
Bem, S. (1974). Themeasurement of psychologicalandrogyny. Journal of ConsultingandClinicalPsychology, 42, 155-162.
Bolat, T.( 2008). Dönüsümcü Liderlik, Personeli Güçlendirme ve Örgütsel VatandaslıkDavranısı İlişkisi, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Budak, G. (1998). Yenilikçi Yönetim, Sistem Yayıncılık,İstanbul, 22-23
Burke, W. (1986). Leadershipas empoweringothers. S Srivastra. (Ed).Executivepower. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
Burton, D.,Singer, R., Murphy, M., Tennant, K. (1993.). GoalSettingInSport, Handbook of Research on SportPsychology, Mcmillian Publishing Company, 486-488, New York.
Carless.,Wearing., Mann. (2000). Global TransformationalLeadershipscale (GTL)
Chew, I.K.H.,Spangler, W. D. ve Weichun. (2005).CEO TransformationalLeadershipandOrganizationalOutcomes: TheMediating Role of Human–Capital-Enhancing Human Resource Management, TheLeadershipQuarterly 16, 39-52
Coakley, J. (2007). Sports in society: Issues and controversies (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Conger J. A. ve Kanungo R. N. (1988). The Empowerment Process: IntegratingTheory and Practice. Academy of Management Review 13, (3), 471-482.
Conger, J.A. (1999). CharismaticandTransformationalLeaderhip in Organization an InsidersPerspective on These DevelopingStreams of Research. TheLeadership Quarterly,10,(2), 144–179.
Çağlar, İ.(2001). Yönetim-kültür bağlamında Türk yönetim modelinin saptanmasınayönelik kavramsal bir çalısma, Gazi Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 3, (3), 125-148.
Çavuş, M.F. (2008). Personel Güçlendirme: İmalat Sanayii İşletmelerinde bir Araştırma. Journal of YasarUniversity, 3, (10), 1287-1300
Çekmecelioğlu, H. G. ve Keleş, Ö. (2008). Örgüt iklimi, Güçlenme ve Bireysel İş Performansı Arasındaki İlişkilerin Değerlendirilmesi. Mesu Kongresi .
Deci, E. L. (1980). ThePsychology of Self- Determination. Lexington, MA: LexingtonBooks
Deci, E. L. ve Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsicmotivationand self-determination in human behavior. New York. Plenum.
De Vaus, D. and McAllister, I. (1991). Gender and work orientation: values and satisfaction in Western Europe. Work and Occupations,18, (1), 72-93.
Diekman, A.B. and Eagly, A.H. (2000). Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: women and men of the past, present, and future. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, (10), 1171-1188.
Dilek, H. (2005). Orduda Uygulanan Liderlik Tarzları ve Adalet Algısının; Örgütsel Baglılık, İs tatmini ve Örgütsel vatandaslıkDavranısına Etkileri, Yayınlanmıs Doktora Tezi, GYTE, Gebze.
Ertenü, B. (2008). The Role of Psychological Empowerment BetweenManagerialPracticesandOrganizationalCitizenshipBehavior,Yayınlanmıs Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
,Gavuz, Ş. (2008). İlköğretim Okulları Yöneticilerinin Liderlik Tarzları ile Yetki Devretme Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki,Yayınlanmıs Doktora Tezi, YTÜ, İstanbul.
Gomez, C.,Rosen, B. (2001). Theleader-memberexchange as a link betweenmanagerialtrustandemployeeempowerment. Group&Organization Management, 26, 1-53
Greasley K.,Bryman A., Dainty A., Price A., Soetanto R. ve King N. (2005). EmployeePerceptions of Empowerment. EmployeeRelations 27, (4), 354-368.
Hackman, J. R. ve Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivationthroughthedesign of work: Test of a theory. OrganizationalBehaviorand Human Performance, 16, 250-279.
Hartog, D. N., De Hoogh, A.H.B. ve Kopman, P.L. (2005), LinkingTheBigFive-Factors of PersonalitytoCharismaticandTransactionalLeadership; PerceivedDynamicWork Environment As A Moderator, Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 26, 839–865
Hinkin, T. R. ve Tracey, J. B. (1999). TheRelevance of Charisma for TransformationalLeadership in StableOrganization. Journal of OrganizationalChange Management, (2).
Kalleberg, A.L. and Griffin, L.J. (1978). Positional sources of inequality in job satisfaction. Work and Occupations, 5, (4),371-401.
Kanter, R. M. (1979). Powerfailure in managementcircuits. Harvard Business Review, 57, (4), 65-75.
Keller, T.,Dansereau, F. (1995). Leadershipandempowerment: A socialexchangeperspective. Human Relations, 48, (2), 127.
Leithwood K. A. (1992). TheMoveTowardTransformationalLeadership. EducationalLeadership, 7 , 10.
Leithwood, K.A.,Jantzi, D. ve Steinbach, R.. (2000). ChangingLeadership for Changing Times,Open UniversityPress, Philadelphia.
Liden, R. C.,Wayne, S. J., andSparrowe, R. T. (2000). An Examination of theMediating Role of Psychological Empowerment on theRelationsBetweentheJob, InterpersonalRelationships, andWorkOutcomes. Journal of AppliedPsychology, 85, 3, 407-416.
Likert, R. (1961). New patterns of management. New York. McGraw-Hill.
Likert, R. (1967). Thehumanorganization. New York. McGraw-Hill.
May, R. (1969). LoveandWill. New York: Dell
Nur, Y.A. (1998). CharismaandManagerialLeadership: TheGiftThatNeverWas”, Business Horizons.
Özarallı, N. (2003). Effects of transformational leadership on empowerment and team effectiveness. Leadership & Organization and Development Journal, 24, 5-6.
Parker, L.E. ve Price, R.H. (1994). EmpoweredManagersandEmpoweredWorkers: TheEffects of ManagerialSupportandManagerialPerceived Control on Workers’ Sense of Control OverDecisionmaking, Human Relations, 47, (8), 911–928.
Quinn, R. E.,Spreitzer, G. M. (1997). Theroadtoempowerment: Seven questionseveryleadershouldconsider. Organizational Dynamics, 26, (2), 37-49.
Rost, J.C. (1991). Leadership for theTwenty-first Century, Praeger, New York, citedbyBlock, Lory. (2003). TheLeadership-Culture Connection: An ExploratoryInvestigation, TheLeadership&Organization Development Journal, 24, (6), 318-334.
Schein, V.E. (1973). The relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 57, (2), 95-100.
Siegall M. ve Gardner S. (2000). ContextualFactors of Psychological Empowerment.PersonnelReview 29, (6), 703-722.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychologicalempowerment in theworkplace: Dimensions,measurement, andvalidation. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1442-1465.
Spreitzer, G. M.,DeJanasz, S.C., Quinn, R. E. (1999). EmpoweredtoLead: The Role of psychologicalempowerment in leadership. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 20, (4), 511-526.
Tannenbaum, A.S. (1968). Control in Organizations. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Thomas K. W. ve Velthouse B. A. (1990). CognitiveElements of Empowerment: An Interpretive Model of IntrinsicTaskMotivation. Academy of Management Review, 15, (4), 666-681.
Voich, D. (1995). ComparativeEmpirical Analysis of CulturalValuesandPerceptions of PoliticalEconomyIssues. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Vroom, V.H. ve Yetton, P.W. (1988). LeadershipandDecisionMaking. Pittsburgh, University of PittsburgPress.
White, R. W. (1959). Motivationreconsidered: Theconcept of competence. PsychologicalReview, 65, 297-333.
Wilkinson, A. (1998). Empowerment: TheoryandPractise, Personel Review,27, (1), 40-56.
Yoon, J. (2001). The role of structureandmotivation for workplaceempowerment: Thecaseof Koreanemployees. SocialPsychologyQuarterly, 64 , (2), 195-206. rd
Yukl, G. A. (1994). Leadership in organizations. (3 Ed.). EnglewoodsCliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND THE GENDER ROLE IN THIS RELATION

Year 2017, , 434 - 446, 30.12.2017

F. Ceyda Suer

https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.752

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose
of the study is to identify the impact of three leadership style
(paternalistic, transformational and transactional) on psychological
empowerment and the moderating effect of gender.

Methodology - The Survey
method was used to gather data from 97 people working in middle and lower
levels in various organizations and the analysis was conducted with SPSS 19.
Four validated survey instruments were used to obtain the data: (1) The
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), formulated by Bass and Avolio
(1995), (2) The Paternalistic Leadership Scale developed by Voich (1995), (3)
The Global Transformational Leadership Scale (GTL) developed by Carless,
Wearing and Mann(2000) and (4) The Psychological Empowerment Scale developed by
Spreitzer (1995).

Findings- The study shows that there is a
positive but partial relationship between the Transformational Leadership style
and Psychological Empowerment, but there is no relationship between
Paternalistic Leadership, Transactional Leadership as predicted.

Conclusion- Transformational leadership style
has been identified as one of the most important ways to empower employees in
organizations in the light of findings.

Keywords

Paternalistic leadership, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, psychological empowerment, gender differences

References

Abramson, L. Y.,Seligman, M. E. P. ve Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learnedhelplessnessin humans: Critiqueandreformulation. Journal of AbnormalPsychology, 87, 19-74
Acker, S. (2005). Gender, leadership and change in faculties of education in three countries. In J. Collard & C. Reynolds (Eds.), Leadership gender & culture in education: Male and female perspectives. Maindenhead: Open University Press.
Alimo-Metcalfe, B. (1995). An Investigation of Femaleand Male Construct of Leadershipand Empowerment, Women in Management Review,10, (2), cited by MalcolmHiggs (2002). How can WeMake Sense of Leadership in the 21st Century, TheLeadership&Organization Development Journal, 24, (5) , 273-284.
Argyris, C. (1988). Empowerment: theemperor’snewclothes, Harvard Business Review,76,(3), 98-105.
Ashforth, B. E. (1989). Socialidentitytheoryandtheorganization. Academy of Management Review, 14, 20-39.
Avolio, B. J.,Zhu, W., Koh, W., Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformationalleadershipandorganizationalcommitment: mediating role of psychologicalempowermentandmoderating role of structuraldistance. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 25, 951-968.
Aycan, Z. (2001). Paternalizm: Liderlik anlayışına ilişkin üç görgül çalışma, Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1, (1), 11-33.
Aycan,Z.(2005).Paternalizm:YönetimveLiderlikAnlayısınaİliskinÜçGörgülÇalısma, http://www.yad.baskent.edu.tr/makale.html, Erisim Tarihi: 14.03.2010
Aycan, Z. ve Paşa, S. F. Pasa. (2003). CareerChoices, JobSelectionCriteria, andLeadershipPreferences in a TransitionalNation: The Case of Turkey, Journal of Career Development, 30, (2), 129-144
Bakan, İ.,Büyükbeşe, T. ve Bedestenci, Ç. (2004). Örgüt Sırlarının Çözümünde Örgüt Kültürü: Teorik ve Ampirik Yaklaşım. Alfa Yayım, İstanbul.
Bandura, A. (1986). Socialfoundations of thoughtandaction: A socialcognitiveviewEnglewoodCliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifyingtheory of behavioralchange. PsychologicalReview, 84, 191-215.
Bartram, T.,Casimir, G., Waldman, D. A. ve Yang, S. (2006). TrustandTheRelationshipBetweenLeadershipandFollowerPerformance: OpeningThe Black Box in AustraliaandChina, Journal of Leadership&OrganizationalStudies, 12, (3), 68-8
Bass, B.M. ve Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, Character, andAuthenticTransformational LeadershipBehavior. LeadershipQuarterly Bass, B.M. ve Avolio, B.J. (1995). MultifactorLeadershipQuestionnaire for Research, MindGarden, Palo Alto, CA.
Bem, S. (1974). Themeasurement of psychologicalandrogyny. Journal of ConsultingandClinicalPsychology, 42, 155-162.
Bolat, T.( 2008). Dönüsümcü Liderlik, Personeli Güçlendirme ve Örgütsel VatandaslıkDavranısı İlişkisi, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Budak, G. (1998). Yenilikçi Yönetim, Sistem Yayıncılık,İstanbul, 22-23
Burke, W. (1986). Leadershipas empoweringothers. S Srivastra. (Ed).Executivepower. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
Burton, D.,Singer, R., Murphy, M., Tennant, K. (1993.). GoalSettingInSport, Handbook of Research on SportPsychology, Mcmillian Publishing Company, 486-488, New York.
Carless.,Wearing., Mann. (2000). Global TransformationalLeadershipscale (GTL)
Chew, I.K.H.,Spangler, W. D. ve Weichun. (2005).CEO TransformationalLeadershipandOrganizationalOutcomes: TheMediating Role of Human–Capital-Enhancing Human Resource Management, TheLeadershipQuarterly 16, 39-52
Coakley, J. (2007). Sports in society: Issues and controversies (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Conger J. A. ve Kanungo R. N. (1988). The Empowerment Process: IntegratingTheory and Practice. Academy of Management Review 13, (3), 471-482.
Conger, J.A. (1999). CharismaticandTransformationalLeaderhip in Organization an InsidersPerspective on These DevelopingStreams of Research. TheLeadership Quarterly,10,(2), 144–179.
Çağlar, İ.(2001). Yönetim-kültür bağlamında Türk yönetim modelinin saptanmasınayönelik kavramsal bir çalısma, Gazi Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 3, (3), 125-148.
Çavuş, M.F. (2008). Personel Güçlendirme: İmalat Sanayii İşletmelerinde bir Araştırma. Journal of YasarUniversity, 3, (10), 1287-1300
Çekmecelioğlu, H. G. ve Keleş, Ö. (2008). Örgüt iklimi, Güçlenme ve Bireysel İş Performansı Arasındaki İlişkilerin Değerlendirilmesi. Mesu Kongresi .
Deci, E. L. (1980). ThePsychology of Self- Determination. Lexington, MA: LexingtonBooks
Deci, E. L. ve Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsicmotivationand self-determination in human behavior. New York. Plenum.
De Vaus, D. and McAllister, I. (1991). Gender and work orientation: values and satisfaction in Western Europe. Work and Occupations,18, (1), 72-93.
Diekman, A.B. and Eagly, A.H. (2000). Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: women and men of the past, present, and future. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, (10), 1171-1188.
Dilek, H. (2005). Orduda Uygulanan Liderlik Tarzları ve Adalet Algısının; Örgütsel Baglılık, İs tatmini ve Örgütsel vatandaslıkDavranısına Etkileri, Yayınlanmıs Doktora Tezi, GYTE, Gebze.
Ertenü, B. (2008). The Role of Psychological Empowerment BetweenManagerialPracticesandOrganizationalCitizenshipBehavior,Yayınlanmıs Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
,Gavuz, Ş. (2008). İlköğretim Okulları Yöneticilerinin Liderlik Tarzları ile Yetki Devretme Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki,Yayınlanmıs Doktora Tezi, YTÜ, İstanbul.
Gomez, C.,Rosen, B. (2001). Theleader-memberexchange as a link betweenmanagerialtrustandemployeeempowerment. Group&Organization Management, 26, 1-53
Greasley K.,Bryman A., Dainty A., Price A., Soetanto R. ve King N. (2005). EmployeePerceptions of Empowerment. EmployeeRelations 27, (4), 354-368.
Hackman, J. R. ve Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivationthroughthedesign of work: Test of a theory. OrganizationalBehaviorand Human Performance, 16, 250-279.
Hartog, D. N., De Hoogh, A.H.B. ve Kopman, P.L. (2005), LinkingTheBigFive-Factors of PersonalitytoCharismaticandTransactionalLeadership; PerceivedDynamicWork Environment As A Moderator, Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 26, 839–865
Hinkin, T. R. ve Tracey, J. B. (1999). TheRelevance of Charisma for TransformationalLeadership in StableOrganization. Journal of OrganizationalChange Management, (2).
Kalleberg, A.L. and Griffin, L.J. (1978). Positional sources of inequality in job satisfaction. Work and Occupations, 5, (4),371-401.
Kanter, R. M. (1979). Powerfailure in managementcircuits. Harvard Business Review, 57, (4), 65-75.
Keller, T.,Dansereau, F. (1995). Leadershipandempowerment: A socialexchangeperspective. Human Relations, 48, (2), 127.
Leithwood K. A. (1992). TheMoveTowardTransformationalLeadership. EducationalLeadership, 7 , 10.
Leithwood, K.A.,Jantzi, D. ve Steinbach, R.. (2000). ChangingLeadership for Changing Times,Open UniversityPress, Philadelphia.
Liden, R. C.,Wayne, S. J., andSparrowe, R. T. (2000). An Examination of theMediating Role of Psychological Empowerment on theRelationsBetweentheJob, InterpersonalRelationships, andWorkOutcomes. Journal of AppliedPsychology, 85, 3, 407-416.
Likert, R. (1961). New patterns of management. New York. McGraw-Hill.
Likert, R. (1967). Thehumanorganization. New York. McGraw-Hill.
May, R. (1969). LoveandWill. New York: Dell
Nur, Y.A. (1998). CharismaandManagerialLeadership: TheGiftThatNeverWas”, Business Horizons.
Özarallı, N. (2003). Effects of transformational leadership on empowerment and team effectiveness. Leadership & Organization and Development Journal, 24, 5-6.
Parker, L.E. ve Price, R.H. (1994). EmpoweredManagersandEmpoweredWorkers: TheEffects of ManagerialSupportandManagerialPerceived Control on Workers’ Sense of Control OverDecisionmaking, Human Relations, 47, (8), 911–928.
Quinn, R. E.,Spreitzer, G. M. (1997). Theroadtoempowerment: Seven questionseveryleadershouldconsider. Organizational Dynamics, 26, (2), 37-49.
Rost, J.C. (1991). Leadership for theTwenty-first Century, Praeger, New York, citedbyBlock, Lory. (2003). TheLeadership-Culture Connection: An ExploratoryInvestigation, TheLeadership&Organization Development Journal, 24, (6), 318-334.
Schein, V.E. (1973). The relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 57, (2), 95-100.
Siegall M. ve Gardner S. (2000). ContextualFactors of Psychological Empowerment.PersonnelReview 29, (6), 703-722.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychologicalempowerment in theworkplace: Dimensions,measurement, andvalidation. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1442-1465.
Spreitzer, G. M.,DeJanasz, S.C., Quinn, R. E. (1999). EmpoweredtoLead: The Role of psychologicalempowerment in leadership. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 20, (4), 511-526.
Tannenbaum, A.S. (1968). Control in Organizations. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Thomas K. W. ve Velthouse B. A. (1990). CognitiveElements of Empowerment: An Interpretive Model of IntrinsicTaskMotivation. Academy of Management Review, 15, (4), 666-681.
Voich, D. (1995). ComparativeEmpirical Analysis of CulturalValuesandPerceptions of PoliticalEconomyIssues. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Vroom, V.H. ve Yetton, P.W. (1988). LeadershipandDecisionMaking. Pittsburgh, University of PittsburgPress.
White, R. W. (1959). Motivationreconsidered: Theconcept of competence. PsychologicalReview, 65, 297-333.
Wilkinson, A. (1998). Empowerment: TheoryandPractise, Personel Review,27, (1), 40-56.
Yoon, J. (2001). The role of structureandmotivation for workplaceempowerment: Thecaseof Koreanemployees. SocialPsychologyQuarterly, 64 , (2), 195-206. rd
Yukl, G. A. (1994). Leadership in organizations. (3 Ed.). EnglewoodsCliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section	Articles
Authors	F. Ceyda Suer This is me
Publication Date	December 30, 2017
Published in Issue	Year 2017

Cite

APA	Suer, F. C. (2017). THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND THE GENDER ROLE IN THIS RELATION. Research Journal of Business and Management, 4(4), 434-446. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.752
AMA	Suer FC. THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND THE GENDER ROLE IN THIS RELATION. RJBM. December 2017;4(4):434-446. doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.752
Chicago	Suer, F. Ceyda. “THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND THE GENDER ROLE IN THIS RELATION”. Research Journal of Business and Management 4, no. 4 (December 2017): 434-46. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.752.
EndNote	Suer FC (December 1, 2017) THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND THE GENDER ROLE IN THIS RELATION. Research Journal of Business and Management 4 4 434–446.
IEEE	F. C. Suer, “THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND THE GENDER ROLE IN THIS RELATION”, RJBM, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 434–446, 2017, doi: 10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.752.
ISNAD	Suer, F. Ceyda. “THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND THE GENDER ROLE IN THIS RELATION”. Research Journal of Business and Management 4/4 (December 2017), 434-446. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.752.
JAMA	Suer FC. THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND THE GENDER ROLE IN THIS RELATION. RJBM. 2017;4:434–446.
MLA	Suer, F. Ceyda. “THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND THE GENDER ROLE IN THIS RELATION”. Research Journal of Business and Management, vol. 4, no. 4, 2017, pp. 434-46, doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.752.
Vancouver	Suer FC. THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND THE GENDER ROLE IN THIS RELATION. RJBM. 2017;4(4):434-46.

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