Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 105 - 113, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2022.1622

Abstract

References

  • Abbara, D., (2020). Economic engagement of refugees analyzing success factors and barriers of Syrian refugee entrepreneurs in Turkey: Case of Istanbul. Thesis (Master's Degree), İbn Haldun Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  • Akcapar, S. K. (2006). Conversion as a migration strategy in a transit country: Iranian Shiites becoming Christians in Turkey. International Migration Review, 40(4), 817-853.
  • Akgündüz, A. (1998). Migration to and from Turkey, 1783–1960: Types, numbers and ethno‐religious dimensions. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 24(1), 97-120.
  • Akgündüz, Y. E., van den Berg, M., & Hassink, W. (2018). The impact of the Syrian refugee crisis on firm entry and performance in Turkey. The World Bank Economic Review, 32(1), 19-40.
  • Altındağ, O., Bakış, O., & Rozo, S. V. (2020). Blessing or burden? Impacts of refugees on businesses and the informal economy. Journal of Development Economics, 146, 102490.
  • Andersson, P., & Wadensjo, E. (2004). Self-employed immigrants in Denmark and Sweden: A way to economic self-reliance?. Available at SSRN 542822.
  • Altıok, B., & Tosun, S. (2020). Understanding foreign policy strategies during migration movements: a comparative study of Iraqi and Syrian mass refugee inflows to Turkey. Turkish Studies, 21(5), 684-704.
  • Arı, K. (1995). Büyük mübadele: Türkiye'ye zorunlu göç, 1923-1925 (Vol. 27). Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • Atasü-Topcuoğlu, R. (2019). Syrian refugee entrepreneurship in Turkey: Integration and the use of immigrant capital in the informal economy. Social Inclusion, 7(4), 200-210.
  • Boehning, W. R. (1983). Regularising the irregular. International Migration, 21(2), 159-173.
  • Chang, C. A. (2021). The economically rich refugees: A case study of the business operations of Istanbul‐based Syrian refugee businesspeople. International Migration, 60(3), 38-51.
  • Courbage, Y., & Fargues, P. (1998). Christians and Jews under Islam. London: I. B. Tauris.
  • De Rapper, G. (2000). Les Albanais à Istanbul [Albanians in Istanbul]. Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes, Istanbul, ISBN: 9782906053571.
  • Demir, A. O. (2018). Syrian entrepreneurs in Turkey: challenges and opportunities. Istanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(34), 109-130.
  • Duman, E. Ş., & ÖZDEMİRCİ, A. (2020). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli göçmen girişimciler üzerine bir alan araştırması. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(37), 629- 656.
  • Ergin, M. (2009). Cultural encounters in the social sciences and humanities: western émigré scholars in Turkey. History of the Human Sciences, 22(1), 105-130.
  • Geray, C. (2019). Türkiye'den ve Türkiye'ye göçler ve göçmenlerin iskânı: (1923-1961). Kalan Yayınları, ISBN: 978-6054915194.
  • İçduygu, A., (2003). Irregular migration in Turkey. United Nations, https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/books/9789213630044.
  • İçduygu, A. (2004). Demographic mobility and Turkey: Migration experiences and government responses. Mediterranean Quarterly, 15(4), 88-99.
  • İçduygu, A. (2005). Transit migration in Turkey: Trends, patterns and issues (Report Number. 2005/04). Euro Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM).
  • Kachkar, O. A. (2019). Refugee entrepreneurship: empirical quantitative evidence on microenterprises in refugee camps in Turkey. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 17(3), 333-352.
  • Karan, O., Çakır, B., & Kurtarır, E. (2020). Hatay’daki Suriyeli Mültecilerin Girişimcilik Alanındaki Deneyimleri ve Mekânsal Faktörler. Göç Dergisi, 7(1), 77-94.
  • Kap, D. (2014). Suriyeli mülteciler: Türkiye’nin müstakbel vatandaşları. Akademik Perspektif, 1(3), 30-35.
  • Kirişci, K. (1996). Refugees of Turkish origin: “Coerced immigrants” to Turkey since 1945. International Migration, 34, 385–412.
  • Kuschminder, K. (2018). Afghan refugee journeys: onwards migration decision-making in Greece and Turkey. Journal of refugee studies, 31(4), 566-587.
  • Levent, T. B., Masurel, E., & Nijkamp, P. (2003). Diversity in entrepreneurship: ethnic and female roles in urban economic life. International journal of social economics, 30(11), 1131-1161.
  • Lynch, M., Freelon, D., & Aday, S. (2014). Syria in the Arab Spring: The integration of Syria’s conflict with the Arab uprisings, 2011–2013. Research & Politics, 1(3), 2053168014549091.
  • Parker, S. C. (2004). The economics of self-employment and entrepreneurship. Cambridge University Press. In Rahman, M. M., & Lian, K. F. (2011). The development of migrant entrepreneurship in Japan: Case of Bangladeshis. Journal of International Migration and Integration 12(3), 253-274.
  • Shinnar, R. S., & Zamantılı Nayır, D. (2019). Immigrant entrepreneurship in an emerging economy: the case of Turkey. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(2), 559-575.
  • Sirkeci, I., & Martin, P. L. (2014). Sources of irregularity and managing migration: the case of Turkey. Border Crossing, 4(1-2), 1-16.
  • Sirkeci, I. (2009b). Improving the Immigration and Asylum Statistics in Turkey. Nov. 2009, Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara, Turkey. (pp.90). (Bilingual English-Turkish, Research Report, internal publication).
  • Tas, A., Citci, U. S., & Cesteneci, Y. C. (2012). The role of immigration as a social network on shaping entrepreneurship tendency: A research on Balkan immigrant entrepreneurs in Turkey. Canadian Social Science, 8(4), 67-79.
  • Uygur, N. G. (2020). Syrian refugee entrepreneurs in labour market: the case of Istanbul. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(1), 99-110.
  • Vasileva, D. (1992). Bulgarian Turkish emigration and return. International migration review, 26(2), 342-352.
  • Widmann, H. (1973). Exil und Bildungshilfe: Die deutschsprachige akademische Emigration in die Türkei nach 1933. Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften.
  • Yakar, M., & Südaş, İ. (2019). Türkiye’de yabanci nüfusun yeni coğrafyalari. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 28(2), 129-164.

IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TURKEY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT MARKET

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 105 - 113, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2022.1622

Abstract

Purpose – The aim of this study is to understand the entrepreneurial activities of immigrants in Turkey through a review of available literature
and data. This article arises from the deficient immigrant entrepreneurship literature and aims to examine the history and the recent
developments of immigrants and immigrant businesses in Turkey. This will provide the reader with a general overview and in-depth information
about immigrant businesses in Turkey. A detailed industrial view can help to
Methodology – Through an investigation of literature and secondary data, this study provides a survey on immigrant businesses. Literature review
is a critical method to understand the history of migration movement and migrant entrepreneurship development in Turkey while secondary data
is reasonable source to maintain qualified information about the current situation of migrant entrepreneurship.
Findings – The number of foreigners residing in the Turkey has increased immensely since 2010. There is a seven-fold rise in the number of
immigrants in Turkey from 2005 to 2022. This shows the rapid changes that Turkey is going under especially since the beginning of the Syrian
Refugee Crisis in 2011. Turkey has quickly become a hub for foreign nationals which is influencing different facets of the country including the
demographics, society, and economy. The number of firms established with foreign partners has followed a similar pattern, with a nearly fivefold increase from 2011 to 2021. Turkey is seeing an increasing interest within the immigrant communities from Asia, Africa, and MENA countries.
Conclusion – Immigrants face many difficulties in establishing and sustaining a business. These difficulties can be mitigated through government
policies and support programs that focus on assisting both immigrant and local community in their business endeavors. Government can support
immigrant entrepreneurs by providing language learning opportunities that focus on business Turkish and culture. This will not only help
immigrants to learn the language but also assist them in adaptation of the local culture which may speed up their integration process.

References

  • Abbara, D., (2020). Economic engagement of refugees analyzing success factors and barriers of Syrian refugee entrepreneurs in Turkey: Case of Istanbul. Thesis (Master's Degree), İbn Haldun Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  • Akcapar, S. K. (2006). Conversion as a migration strategy in a transit country: Iranian Shiites becoming Christians in Turkey. International Migration Review, 40(4), 817-853.
  • Akgündüz, A. (1998). Migration to and from Turkey, 1783–1960: Types, numbers and ethno‐religious dimensions. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 24(1), 97-120.
  • Akgündüz, Y. E., van den Berg, M., & Hassink, W. (2018). The impact of the Syrian refugee crisis on firm entry and performance in Turkey. The World Bank Economic Review, 32(1), 19-40.
  • Altındağ, O., Bakış, O., & Rozo, S. V. (2020). Blessing or burden? Impacts of refugees on businesses and the informal economy. Journal of Development Economics, 146, 102490.
  • Andersson, P., & Wadensjo, E. (2004). Self-employed immigrants in Denmark and Sweden: A way to economic self-reliance?. Available at SSRN 542822.
  • Altıok, B., & Tosun, S. (2020). Understanding foreign policy strategies during migration movements: a comparative study of Iraqi and Syrian mass refugee inflows to Turkey. Turkish Studies, 21(5), 684-704.
  • Arı, K. (1995). Büyük mübadele: Türkiye'ye zorunlu göç, 1923-1925 (Vol. 27). Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • Atasü-Topcuoğlu, R. (2019). Syrian refugee entrepreneurship in Turkey: Integration and the use of immigrant capital in the informal economy. Social Inclusion, 7(4), 200-210.
  • Boehning, W. R. (1983). Regularising the irregular. International Migration, 21(2), 159-173.
  • Chang, C. A. (2021). The economically rich refugees: A case study of the business operations of Istanbul‐based Syrian refugee businesspeople. International Migration, 60(3), 38-51.
  • Courbage, Y., & Fargues, P. (1998). Christians and Jews under Islam. London: I. B. Tauris.
  • De Rapper, G. (2000). Les Albanais à Istanbul [Albanians in Istanbul]. Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes, Istanbul, ISBN: 9782906053571.
  • Demir, A. O. (2018). Syrian entrepreneurs in Turkey: challenges and opportunities. Istanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(34), 109-130.
  • Duman, E. Ş., & ÖZDEMİRCİ, A. (2020). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli göçmen girişimciler üzerine bir alan araştırması. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(37), 629- 656.
  • Ergin, M. (2009). Cultural encounters in the social sciences and humanities: western émigré scholars in Turkey. History of the Human Sciences, 22(1), 105-130.
  • Geray, C. (2019). Türkiye'den ve Türkiye'ye göçler ve göçmenlerin iskânı: (1923-1961). Kalan Yayınları, ISBN: 978-6054915194.
  • İçduygu, A., (2003). Irregular migration in Turkey. United Nations, https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/books/9789213630044.
  • İçduygu, A. (2004). Demographic mobility and Turkey: Migration experiences and government responses. Mediterranean Quarterly, 15(4), 88-99.
  • İçduygu, A. (2005). Transit migration in Turkey: Trends, patterns and issues (Report Number. 2005/04). Euro Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM).
  • Kachkar, O. A. (2019). Refugee entrepreneurship: empirical quantitative evidence on microenterprises in refugee camps in Turkey. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 17(3), 333-352.
  • Karan, O., Çakır, B., & Kurtarır, E. (2020). Hatay’daki Suriyeli Mültecilerin Girişimcilik Alanındaki Deneyimleri ve Mekânsal Faktörler. Göç Dergisi, 7(1), 77-94.
  • Kap, D. (2014). Suriyeli mülteciler: Türkiye’nin müstakbel vatandaşları. Akademik Perspektif, 1(3), 30-35.
  • Kirişci, K. (1996). Refugees of Turkish origin: “Coerced immigrants” to Turkey since 1945. International Migration, 34, 385–412.
  • Kuschminder, K. (2018). Afghan refugee journeys: onwards migration decision-making in Greece and Turkey. Journal of refugee studies, 31(4), 566-587.
  • Levent, T. B., Masurel, E., & Nijkamp, P. (2003). Diversity in entrepreneurship: ethnic and female roles in urban economic life. International journal of social economics, 30(11), 1131-1161.
  • Lynch, M., Freelon, D., & Aday, S. (2014). Syria in the Arab Spring: The integration of Syria’s conflict with the Arab uprisings, 2011–2013. Research & Politics, 1(3), 2053168014549091.
  • Parker, S. C. (2004). The economics of self-employment and entrepreneurship. Cambridge University Press. In Rahman, M. M., & Lian, K. F. (2011). The development of migrant entrepreneurship in Japan: Case of Bangladeshis. Journal of International Migration and Integration 12(3), 253-274.
  • Shinnar, R. S., & Zamantılı Nayır, D. (2019). Immigrant entrepreneurship in an emerging economy: the case of Turkey. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(2), 559-575.
  • Sirkeci, I., & Martin, P. L. (2014). Sources of irregularity and managing migration: the case of Turkey. Border Crossing, 4(1-2), 1-16.
  • Sirkeci, I. (2009b). Improving the Immigration and Asylum Statistics in Turkey. Nov. 2009, Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara, Turkey. (pp.90). (Bilingual English-Turkish, Research Report, internal publication).
  • Tas, A., Citci, U. S., & Cesteneci, Y. C. (2012). The role of immigration as a social network on shaping entrepreneurship tendency: A research on Balkan immigrant entrepreneurs in Turkey. Canadian Social Science, 8(4), 67-79.
  • Uygur, N. G. (2020). Syrian refugee entrepreneurs in labour market: the case of Istanbul. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(1), 99-110.
  • Vasileva, D. (1992). Bulgarian Turkish emigration and return. International migration review, 26(2), 342-352.
  • Widmann, H. (1973). Exil und Bildungshilfe: Die deutschsprachige akademische Emigration in die Türkei nach 1933. Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften.
  • Yakar, M., & Südaş, İ. (2019). Türkiye’de yabanci nüfusun yeni coğrafyalari. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 28(2), 129-164.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mohammad Moız This is me 0000-0003-3598-3935

Canberk Turkec This is me 0000-0002-4695-2010

Publication Date September 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Moız, M., & Turkec, C. (2022). IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TURKEY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT MARKET. Research Journal of Business and Management, 9(3), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2022.1622
AMA Moız M, Turkec C. IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TURKEY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT MARKET. RJBM. September 2022;9(3):105-113. doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2022.1622
Chicago Moız, Mohammad, and Canberk Turkec. “IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TURKEY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT MARKET”. Research Journal of Business and Management 9, no. 3 (September 2022): 105-13. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2022.1622.
EndNote Moız M, Turkec C (September 1, 2022) IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TURKEY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT MARKET. Research Journal of Business and Management 9 3 105–113.
IEEE M. Moız and C. Turkec, “IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TURKEY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT MARKET”, RJBM, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 105–113, 2022, doi: 10.17261/Pressacademia.2022.1622.
ISNAD Moız, Mohammad - Turkec, Canberk. “IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TURKEY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT MARKET”. Research Journal of Business and Management 9/3 (September 2022), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2022.1622.
JAMA Moız M, Turkec C. IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TURKEY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT MARKET. RJBM. 2022;9:105–113.
MLA Moız, Mohammad and Canberk Turkec. “IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TURKEY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT MARKET”. Research Journal of Business and Management, vol. 9, no. 3, 2022, pp. 105-13, doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2022.1622.
Vancouver Moız M, Turkec C. IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TURKEY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT MARKET. RJBM. 2022;9(3):105-13.

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