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Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 73 - 98, 01.07.2021

Abstract

References

  • Heba Saleh, “Egypt threatens military action in Libya if Turkish-backed forces seize Sirte”, 21 June 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/e6aa87b0-5e0b-477f-9b89-693f31c63919.
  • UNSMIL, “Acting Special Representative of the Secretary-General For Libya Stephanie Williams Announces The Launch Of The Libyan Polıtıcal Dalogue Forum Process”, 25 October 2020, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/acting-special-representative-secretary-general-libya-stephanie-williams-announces-launch-libyan,.
  • Daily Sabah, “Failure of Libya Talks Endangers December Elections: Analysts”, 7 July 2021, https://www.dailysabah.com/world/africa/failure-of-libya-talks-endangers-december-elections-analysts,.
  • Karim Mezran, “Berlin conference: The end of the game?”, Atlantic Council, 17 January 2020, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/berlin-conference-the-end-of-the-game/, .
  • The US Embassy to Tripoli, “Joint statement from the embassies of France, Germany, Italy, the UK, and the US”, 6 Mayıs 2021, https://ly.usembassy.gov/joint-statement-from-the-embassies-of-france-germany-italy-the-uk-and-the-us/ .
  • Mustafa Fetouri, “In conversation with Stephanie Williams, the US diplomat helping Libya come together”, 27 May 2021, https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210527-in-conversation-with-stephanie-williams-the-us-diplomat-helping-libya-come-together/,.
  • USAFRICOM, “U.S. Africa Command supports Department of State, U.S. Ambassador to Libya Richard Norland meeting in Libya”, 23 June 2020, https://www.africom.mil/pressrelease/32949/us-africa-command-supports-department-of-stat,.
  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Sözcü Ofisi, “The United States and Libya: Fact Sheet”, 11 March 2021, https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-and-libya/, erişim tarihi 13 July 2021.
  • The Arab Weekly, “Washington seeks sway in Libya through control of UN mission”, 14 September 2020, https://thearabweekly.com/washington-seeks-sway-libya-through-control-un-mission.
  • Michelle Nichols, “U.S. should not stand in way of U.N. chief naming new Libya envoy, Germany says”, 31 July 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-un-idUSKCN24V3OP, erişim tarihi: 13 July 2021.
  • Eurpean Uninon Briefing to the Parliament, “Political developments in Libya and prospects of stability”, June 2017, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2017/603959/EPRS_BRI(2017)603959_EN.pdf.
  • EU External Action Service, “Libya: Statement by the Spokesperson on the latest developments”, 21 July 2021, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/83219/libya-statement-spokesperson-latest-developments_en,.
  • Sinem Adar ve İlke Toygür, “Turkey, the EU and the Eastern Mediterranean Crisis: Militarization of Foreign Policy and Power Rivalry”, 9 Araloık 2020, https://www.swp-berlin.org/10.18449/2020C62/, erişim tarihi 15 July 2021.
  • Mathew Vella, “Malta vetoes Irini spending after withdrawing from EU naval mission”, 8 May 2020, https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/europe/102202/malta_withdraw_eu_naval_mission_irini_veto_spending#.YP1iV1Mzbow,.
  • Kay Westenberger, “Egypt’s Security Paradox in Libya”, 8 April 2019, https://www.e-ir.info/2019/04/08/egypts-security-paradox-in-libya/, .
  • Aydoğan Kalabalık, “Trump, Egyptian president discuss Libya over phone”, AA, 20 July 2020, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/trump-egyptian-president-discuss-libya-over-phone/1916870,.
  • Paul Stronski, “Implausible Deniability: Russia’s Private Military Companies”, Carnegie Endowment, 2 June 2020, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/06/02/implausible-deniability-russia-s-private-military-companies-pub-81954, .
  • Stephanie Williams, “Acting Special Representative of The Secretary General For Libya Stephanie Williams Briefing to the Security Council”, 28 January 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/acting-special-representative-secretary-general-libya-stephanie-williams-briefing-security-council,.
  • UNSMIL, “UNSMIL Welcomes Agreement Between Libyan Parties on Permanent Country-Wide Ceasefire Agreement With Immediate Effect”, 23 Ekim 2020, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-welcomes-agreement-between-libyan-parties-permanent-country-wide-ceasefire-agreement.
  • Daily Sabah, “Protesters torch Haftar's offices in Libya's Benghazi”, 14 September 2020, https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/protesters-torch-haftars-offices-in-libyas-benghazi/news.
  • UNSMIL, “UNSMIL Statement on the Conclusion of the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum in Switzerland – 28 June to 2 July 2021”, 3 July 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-statement-conclusion-libyan-political-dialogue-forum-switzerland-%E2%80%93-28-june-2-july-2021,
  • Tarek Megerisi, “Plot twist: How Europe should deal with Libya’s new government”, ECFR, 12 February 2021, https://ecfr.eu/article/plot-twist-how-europe-should-deal-with-libyas-new-government/,.
  • UNSMIL, “UNSMIL announces that LPDF approves the proposal of selection mechanism of executive authority for the preparatory period”, 19 Ocak 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-announces-lpdf-approves-proposal-selection-mechanism-executive-authority-preparatory-period,.
  • Sarah Vernhes, “Libya: Haftar and Muslim Brotherhood big losers of new government”, the Africa Report, 18 march 2021, https://www.theafricareport.com/72259/libya-haftar-and-muslim-brotherhood-big-losers-of-new-government/,
  • Africa News, “Libyan rivals hold new round of talks in Morocco”, 23 January 2021, https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/23/libyan-rivals-meet-for-new-round-of-talks-in-morocco/.
  • Abdulkadir Assad, “Libya's Supreme Judiciary Council denounces Bouznika outcomes”, Libya Observer, 24 January 2021, https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/libyas-supreme-judiciary-council-denounces-bouznika-outcomes,.
  • Reuters, “Libyan parliament rejects unity government budget plan”, 20 April 2021, https://www.reuters.com/article/libya-politics-idAFL1N2MD1R9, erişim tarihi: 18 July 2021.
  • Africa News, “Libya PM calls off Benghazi visit after security turned back”, 26 April 2021, https://www.africanews.com/2021/04/26/libya-pm-calls-off-benghazi-visit-after-security-turned-back/.
  • UNSMIL, “UNSMIL Welcomes the Meeting of the Constıtutional Committee in Hurghada”, 20 January 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-welcomes-meeting-constitutional-committee-hurghada,.
  • Libya Observer, “Siyala reiterates importance for foreign missions to work from Tripoli”, 24 January 2021, https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/siyala-reiterates-importance-foreign-missions-work-tripoli,.
  • UN Secretary General Office, “Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Libya and Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya”, https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/profiles/j%C3%A1n-kubi%C5%A1-2,.
  • Stephanie Williams, “Acting Special Representative of The Secretary General For Libya Stephanie Williams Briefing to the Security Council”, 28 January 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/acting-special-representative-secretary-general-libya-stephanie-williams-briefing-security-council, erişim tarihi: 15 July 2021.
  • Luigi Scazzieri, “The EU's New Libya Operation is Flawed”, Center for European Reform, 8 April 2020, https://www.cer.eu/insights/eus-new-libya-operation-flawed.
  • Sudarsan Raghavan, “Mass murder and the sin of silence”, Washington Post, 8 May 2021, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2021/libya-tarhuna-kaniyat-mass-graves/,.
  • Tim Eaton, “The Libyan Arab Armed Forces”, Chatham House, 2 June 2021, https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/06/libyan-arab-armed-forces/02-inside-laafs-armed-networks,.
  • Federal Foreign Office, “The Second Berlin Conference on Libya: Conference Conclusions”, 23 June 2021, https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/newsroom/news/berlin-2-conclusions/2467750, erişim tarihi: 20 July 2021.
  • Reuters, “Libya's Haftar closes border with Algeria”, 20 June 2021, https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/libyas-haftar-closes-border-with-algeria-2021-06-20/.
  • Daily Sabah, “Regular Russian troops stationed in Libya”, 23 July 2021, https://www.dailysabah.com/world/africa/regular-russian-troops-stationed-in-libya,.
  • Rabia Golden, “Register for Libyans eligible to vote in the electoral system has reached 49.77%”, Libya Observer, 23 July 2021, https://www.libyaobserver.ly/inbrief/register-libyans-eligible-vote-electoral-system-has-reached-4977,.

ليبيا: التطورات والتوقعات

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 73 - 98, 01.07.2021

Abstract

إن التقديرات المتعلقة بالمرحلة التي تلت الهجوم الذي أطلقه حفتر على طرابلس في التاسع عشر من إبريل عام 2019 وهزيمته بعد ذلك هي محل اهتمام من الجميع. في هذه الدراسة نطرح تساؤلات حول إمكانية إرساء الاستقرار في ليبيا، وإقامة دولة على أسس ديموقراطية في ظل التدخلات الخارجية. وفي هذا الصدد تم تحديد إشكالية البحث لتكون "هل يمكن أن يسود السلام ليبيا؟"، وستكون الفرضية هي أنه سيكون من الممكن إقامة دولة مستقرة في حالة تحقق شروط معينة. وفي إطار الدراسة سيتم تناول التطورات التي وقعت في ليبيا، وسنقدم بعض التقييمات للمرحلة المقبلة. في الخاتمة سيتم تسليط الضوء على الهشاشة السياسية والعسكرية

References

  • Heba Saleh, “Egypt threatens military action in Libya if Turkish-backed forces seize Sirte”, 21 June 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/e6aa87b0-5e0b-477f-9b89-693f31c63919.
  • UNSMIL, “Acting Special Representative of the Secretary-General For Libya Stephanie Williams Announces The Launch Of The Libyan Polıtıcal Dalogue Forum Process”, 25 October 2020, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/acting-special-representative-secretary-general-libya-stephanie-williams-announces-launch-libyan,.
  • Daily Sabah, “Failure of Libya Talks Endangers December Elections: Analysts”, 7 July 2021, https://www.dailysabah.com/world/africa/failure-of-libya-talks-endangers-december-elections-analysts,.
  • Karim Mezran, “Berlin conference: The end of the game?”, Atlantic Council, 17 January 2020, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/berlin-conference-the-end-of-the-game/, .
  • The US Embassy to Tripoli, “Joint statement from the embassies of France, Germany, Italy, the UK, and the US”, 6 Mayıs 2021, https://ly.usembassy.gov/joint-statement-from-the-embassies-of-france-germany-italy-the-uk-and-the-us/ .
  • Mustafa Fetouri, “In conversation with Stephanie Williams, the US diplomat helping Libya come together”, 27 May 2021, https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210527-in-conversation-with-stephanie-williams-the-us-diplomat-helping-libya-come-together/,.
  • USAFRICOM, “U.S. Africa Command supports Department of State, U.S. Ambassador to Libya Richard Norland meeting in Libya”, 23 June 2020, https://www.africom.mil/pressrelease/32949/us-africa-command-supports-department-of-stat,.
  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Sözcü Ofisi, “The United States and Libya: Fact Sheet”, 11 March 2021, https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-and-libya/, erişim tarihi 13 July 2021.
  • The Arab Weekly, “Washington seeks sway in Libya through control of UN mission”, 14 September 2020, https://thearabweekly.com/washington-seeks-sway-libya-through-control-un-mission.
  • Michelle Nichols, “U.S. should not stand in way of U.N. chief naming new Libya envoy, Germany says”, 31 July 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-un-idUSKCN24V3OP, erişim tarihi: 13 July 2021.
  • Eurpean Uninon Briefing to the Parliament, “Political developments in Libya and prospects of stability”, June 2017, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2017/603959/EPRS_BRI(2017)603959_EN.pdf.
  • EU External Action Service, “Libya: Statement by the Spokesperson on the latest developments”, 21 July 2021, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/83219/libya-statement-spokesperson-latest-developments_en,.
  • Sinem Adar ve İlke Toygür, “Turkey, the EU and the Eastern Mediterranean Crisis: Militarization of Foreign Policy and Power Rivalry”, 9 Araloık 2020, https://www.swp-berlin.org/10.18449/2020C62/, erişim tarihi 15 July 2021.
  • Mathew Vella, “Malta vetoes Irini spending after withdrawing from EU naval mission”, 8 May 2020, https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/europe/102202/malta_withdraw_eu_naval_mission_irini_veto_spending#.YP1iV1Mzbow,.
  • Kay Westenberger, “Egypt’s Security Paradox in Libya”, 8 April 2019, https://www.e-ir.info/2019/04/08/egypts-security-paradox-in-libya/, .
  • Aydoğan Kalabalık, “Trump, Egyptian president discuss Libya over phone”, AA, 20 July 2020, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/trump-egyptian-president-discuss-libya-over-phone/1916870,.
  • Paul Stronski, “Implausible Deniability: Russia’s Private Military Companies”, Carnegie Endowment, 2 June 2020, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/06/02/implausible-deniability-russia-s-private-military-companies-pub-81954, .
  • Stephanie Williams, “Acting Special Representative of The Secretary General For Libya Stephanie Williams Briefing to the Security Council”, 28 January 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/acting-special-representative-secretary-general-libya-stephanie-williams-briefing-security-council,.
  • UNSMIL, “UNSMIL Welcomes Agreement Between Libyan Parties on Permanent Country-Wide Ceasefire Agreement With Immediate Effect”, 23 Ekim 2020, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-welcomes-agreement-between-libyan-parties-permanent-country-wide-ceasefire-agreement.
  • Daily Sabah, “Protesters torch Haftar's offices in Libya's Benghazi”, 14 September 2020, https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/protesters-torch-haftars-offices-in-libyas-benghazi/news.
  • UNSMIL, “UNSMIL Statement on the Conclusion of the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum in Switzerland – 28 June to 2 July 2021”, 3 July 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-statement-conclusion-libyan-political-dialogue-forum-switzerland-%E2%80%93-28-june-2-july-2021,
  • Tarek Megerisi, “Plot twist: How Europe should deal with Libya’s new government”, ECFR, 12 February 2021, https://ecfr.eu/article/plot-twist-how-europe-should-deal-with-libyas-new-government/,.
  • UNSMIL, “UNSMIL announces that LPDF approves the proposal of selection mechanism of executive authority for the preparatory period”, 19 Ocak 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-announces-lpdf-approves-proposal-selection-mechanism-executive-authority-preparatory-period,.
  • Sarah Vernhes, “Libya: Haftar and Muslim Brotherhood big losers of new government”, the Africa Report, 18 march 2021, https://www.theafricareport.com/72259/libya-haftar-and-muslim-brotherhood-big-losers-of-new-government/,
  • Africa News, “Libyan rivals hold new round of talks in Morocco”, 23 January 2021, https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/23/libyan-rivals-meet-for-new-round-of-talks-in-morocco/.
  • Abdulkadir Assad, “Libya's Supreme Judiciary Council denounces Bouznika outcomes”, Libya Observer, 24 January 2021, https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/libyas-supreme-judiciary-council-denounces-bouznika-outcomes,.
  • Reuters, “Libyan parliament rejects unity government budget plan”, 20 April 2021, https://www.reuters.com/article/libya-politics-idAFL1N2MD1R9, erişim tarihi: 18 July 2021.
  • Africa News, “Libya PM calls off Benghazi visit after security turned back”, 26 April 2021, https://www.africanews.com/2021/04/26/libya-pm-calls-off-benghazi-visit-after-security-turned-back/.
  • UNSMIL, “UNSMIL Welcomes the Meeting of the Constıtutional Committee in Hurghada”, 20 January 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-welcomes-meeting-constitutional-committee-hurghada,.
  • Libya Observer, “Siyala reiterates importance for foreign missions to work from Tripoli”, 24 January 2021, https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/siyala-reiterates-importance-foreign-missions-work-tripoli,.
  • UN Secretary General Office, “Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Libya and Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya”, https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/profiles/j%C3%A1n-kubi%C5%A1-2,.
  • Stephanie Williams, “Acting Special Representative of The Secretary General For Libya Stephanie Williams Briefing to the Security Council”, 28 January 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/acting-special-representative-secretary-general-libya-stephanie-williams-briefing-security-council, erişim tarihi: 15 July 2021.
  • Luigi Scazzieri, “The EU's New Libya Operation is Flawed”, Center for European Reform, 8 April 2020, https://www.cer.eu/insights/eus-new-libya-operation-flawed.
  • Sudarsan Raghavan, “Mass murder and the sin of silence”, Washington Post, 8 May 2021, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2021/libya-tarhuna-kaniyat-mass-graves/,.
  • Tim Eaton, “The Libyan Arab Armed Forces”, Chatham House, 2 June 2021, https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/06/libyan-arab-armed-forces/02-inside-laafs-armed-networks,.
  • Federal Foreign Office, “The Second Berlin Conference on Libya: Conference Conclusions”, 23 June 2021, https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/newsroom/news/berlin-2-conclusions/2467750, erişim tarihi: 20 July 2021.
  • Reuters, “Libya's Haftar closes border with Algeria”, 20 June 2021, https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/libyas-haftar-closes-border-with-algeria-2021-06-20/.
  • Daily Sabah, “Regular Russian troops stationed in Libya”, 23 July 2021, https://www.dailysabah.com/world/africa/regular-russian-troops-stationed-in-libya,.
  • Rabia Golden, “Register for Libyans eligible to vote in the electoral system has reached 49.77%”, Libya Observer, 23 July 2021, https://www.libyaobserver.ly/inbrief/register-libyans-eligible-vote-electoral-system-has-reached-4977,.

Libya: Developments and Expectations

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 73 - 98, 01.07.2021

Abstract

This study raises questions about the possibility of establishing stable political structure in Libya and establishing a state on democratic foundations despite foreign interventions. The question "Can peace prevail in Libya?" is the research problem, and the hypothesis will be that it will be possible to establish a stable state if certain conditions are met. Within the framework of the study, the developments that occurred in Libya will be discussed, and we will present some assessments for the next stage of the political process. In the conclusion, the political and military fragility in Libya will be highlighted.

References

  • Heba Saleh, “Egypt threatens military action in Libya if Turkish-backed forces seize Sirte”, 21 June 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/e6aa87b0-5e0b-477f-9b89-693f31c63919.
  • UNSMIL, “Acting Special Representative of the Secretary-General For Libya Stephanie Williams Announces The Launch Of The Libyan Polıtıcal Dalogue Forum Process”, 25 October 2020, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/acting-special-representative-secretary-general-libya-stephanie-williams-announces-launch-libyan,.
  • Daily Sabah, “Failure of Libya Talks Endangers December Elections: Analysts”, 7 July 2021, https://www.dailysabah.com/world/africa/failure-of-libya-talks-endangers-december-elections-analysts,.
  • Karim Mezran, “Berlin conference: The end of the game?”, Atlantic Council, 17 January 2020, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/berlin-conference-the-end-of-the-game/, .
  • The US Embassy to Tripoli, “Joint statement from the embassies of France, Germany, Italy, the UK, and the US”, 6 Mayıs 2021, https://ly.usembassy.gov/joint-statement-from-the-embassies-of-france-germany-italy-the-uk-and-the-us/ .
  • Mustafa Fetouri, “In conversation with Stephanie Williams, the US diplomat helping Libya come together”, 27 May 2021, https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210527-in-conversation-with-stephanie-williams-the-us-diplomat-helping-libya-come-together/,.
  • USAFRICOM, “U.S. Africa Command supports Department of State, U.S. Ambassador to Libya Richard Norland meeting in Libya”, 23 June 2020, https://www.africom.mil/pressrelease/32949/us-africa-command-supports-department-of-stat,.
  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Sözcü Ofisi, “The United States and Libya: Fact Sheet”, 11 March 2021, https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-and-libya/, erişim tarihi 13 July 2021.
  • The Arab Weekly, “Washington seeks sway in Libya through control of UN mission”, 14 September 2020, https://thearabweekly.com/washington-seeks-sway-libya-through-control-un-mission.
  • Michelle Nichols, “U.S. should not stand in way of U.N. chief naming new Libya envoy, Germany says”, 31 July 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-un-idUSKCN24V3OP, erişim tarihi: 13 July 2021.
  • Eurpean Uninon Briefing to the Parliament, “Political developments in Libya and prospects of stability”, June 2017, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2017/603959/EPRS_BRI(2017)603959_EN.pdf.
  • EU External Action Service, “Libya: Statement by the Spokesperson on the latest developments”, 21 July 2021, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/83219/libya-statement-spokesperson-latest-developments_en,.
  • Sinem Adar ve İlke Toygür, “Turkey, the EU and the Eastern Mediterranean Crisis: Militarization of Foreign Policy and Power Rivalry”, 9 Araloık 2020, https://www.swp-berlin.org/10.18449/2020C62/, erişim tarihi 15 July 2021.
  • Mathew Vella, “Malta vetoes Irini spending after withdrawing from EU naval mission”, 8 May 2020, https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/europe/102202/malta_withdraw_eu_naval_mission_irini_veto_spending#.YP1iV1Mzbow,.
  • Kay Westenberger, “Egypt’s Security Paradox in Libya”, 8 April 2019, https://www.e-ir.info/2019/04/08/egypts-security-paradox-in-libya/, .
  • Aydoğan Kalabalık, “Trump, Egyptian president discuss Libya over phone”, AA, 20 July 2020, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/trump-egyptian-president-discuss-libya-over-phone/1916870,.
  • Paul Stronski, “Implausible Deniability: Russia’s Private Military Companies”, Carnegie Endowment, 2 June 2020, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/06/02/implausible-deniability-russia-s-private-military-companies-pub-81954, .
  • Stephanie Williams, “Acting Special Representative of The Secretary General For Libya Stephanie Williams Briefing to the Security Council”, 28 January 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/acting-special-representative-secretary-general-libya-stephanie-williams-briefing-security-council,.
  • UNSMIL, “UNSMIL Welcomes Agreement Between Libyan Parties on Permanent Country-Wide Ceasefire Agreement With Immediate Effect”, 23 Ekim 2020, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-welcomes-agreement-between-libyan-parties-permanent-country-wide-ceasefire-agreement.
  • Daily Sabah, “Protesters torch Haftar's offices in Libya's Benghazi”, 14 September 2020, https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/protesters-torch-haftars-offices-in-libyas-benghazi/news.
  • UNSMIL, “UNSMIL Statement on the Conclusion of the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum in Switzerland – 28 June to 2 July 2021”, 3 July 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-statement-conclusion-libyan-political-dialogue-forum-switzerland-%E2%80%93-28-june-2-july-2021,
  • Tarek Megerisi, “Plot twist: How Europe should deal with Libya’s new government”, ECFR, 12 February 2021, https://ecfr.eu/article/plot-twist-how-europe-should-deal-with-libyas-new-government/,.
  • UNSMIL, “UNSMIL announces that LPDF approves the proposal of selection mechanism of executive authority for the preparatory period”, 19 Ocak 2021, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-announces-lpdf-approves-proposal-selection-mechanism-executive-authority-preparatory-period,.
  • Sarah Vernhes, “Libya: Haftar and Muslim Brotherhood big losers of new government”, the Africa Report, 18 march 2021, https://www.theafricareport.com/72259/libya-haftar-and-muslim-brotherhood-big-losers-of-new-government/,
  • Africa News, “Libyan rivals hold new round of talks in Morocco”, 23 January 2021, https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/23/libyan-rivals-meet-for-new-round-of-talks-in-morocco/.
  • Abdulkadir Assad, “Libya's Supreme Judiciary Council denounces Bouznika outcomes”, Libya Observer, 24 January 2021, https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/libyas-supreme-judiciary-council-denounces-bouznika-outcomes,.
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There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Arabic
Subjects African Studies, Regional Studies, Middle East Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Murat Aslan This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aslan, M. (2021). ليبيا: التطورات والتوقعات. Rouya Türkiyyah, 10(3), 73-98.
AMA Aslan M. ليبيا: التطورات والتوقعات. Rouya Türkiyyah. July 2021;10(3):73-98.
Chicago Aslan, Murat. “ليبيا: التطورات والتوقعات”. Rouya Türkiyyah 10, no. 3 (July 2021): 73-98.
EndNote Aslan M (July 1, 2021) ليبيا: التطورات والتوقعات. Rouya Türkiyyah 10 3 73–98.
IEEE M. Aslan, “ليبيا: التطورات والتوقعات”, Rouya Türkiyyah, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 73–98, 2021.
ISNAD Aslan, Murat. “ليبيا: التطورات والتوقعات”. Rouya Türkiyyah 10/3 (July 2021), 73-98.
JAMA Aslan M. ليبيا: التطورات والتوقعات. Rouya Türkiyyah. 2021;10:73–98.
MLA Aslan, Murat. “ليبيا: التطورات والتوقعات”. Rouya Türkiyyah, vol. 10, no. 3, 2021, pp. 73-98.
Vancouver Aslan M. ليبيا: التطورات والتوقعات. Rouya Türkiyyah. 2021;10(3):73-98.