إثيوبيا بين الفيدرالية والتفكّك

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 173 - 194, 01.01.2022

Khiry Mohamed Omar

Abstract

تناول هذا البحث بالتحليل اتجاهات التطور في معالجة المسألة الإثنية، إذ واجهت إثيوبيا مشكلات التكامل القومي بعدة مشروعات، حيث مرّت بالنمط الإمبراطوري، ثم بالدولة المركزية، وأخيرًا بالفيدرالية الإثنية. وتميّز كل منها باقتراح وتصور لنظام الحكم، غير أنها لم توفر حلًّا مناسبًا لوقف الحرب الأهلية، وتنامي الوعي القومي، وناقشت الدراسة بشكل خاص سياسات الانتقال في المسألة الإثنية، وخصوصًا ما يتعلق بالنزاع على شكل الدولة بين مشروعَي مَلَس زيناوي، رئيس الوزراء الأسبق، وآبي أحمد، رئيس الوزراء الحالي، إذ اجتهد المشروعان في تقديم حلول للعلاقات تقوم على تحالف الإثنيات كما في الجبهة الثورية الشعبية، أو على الحزب الواحد كما في حزب الازدهار. وفي هذا السياق، يشير التاريخ الإثيوبي إلى أن الحلول الفكرية لاقت قيودًا؛ بسبب الاختلافات الدينية والإثنية.

Keywords

أثيوبيا, الحرب الأهلية, جبهة تحرير تيغراي, الفيدرالية

Ethiopia: Federalism and Disintegration

Abstract

This study deals with the trends of the ethnic issue in Ethiopia which has developed several projects to confront its national integration problems. Ethiopia went through the imperial pattern, then the central state, and finally the ethnic federation. Each of these patterns was distinguished by a vision of the government system, but it did not provide an appropriate solution to stop the civil war and the growth of national awareness. The study discusses in particular the politics of transition in the ethnic issue, especially with regard to the conflict over the form of the state between the two projects of Meles Zenawi, the former prime minister, and Abi Ahmed the current prime minister, as the two projects worked hard to offer solutions to relations based on an alliance of ethnicities. In this context, Ethiopian history indicates that intellectual solutions met with limitations, because of religious and ethnic differences. Additionally, the study argues that the main reason of the current crisis is the redistribution of power between the federal government and the government of the Tigray region.

Keywords

Ethiopia, Civil War, TPLF, Federalism

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• Ibid
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• Gordon CampbellOn, On Ethiopia’s Civil War, 11 November 2021. https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL2111/S00023/on-ethiopias-civil-war.htm