2023 Elections of Türkiye and Its Repercussions in Europe

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 99 - 116, 01.09.2023

Hacı Mehmet Boyraz

https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-012-003-006

Abstract

With the two elections held in May 2023, Turkiye left behind an important process not only for its own political history but also for international politics. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, was re-elected president in the second round on 28 May outperforming his opponent Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, by 4.3 points. These results, which are of critical importance for Turkish politics, were followed closely by European countries that have close political and economic relations with Turkiye. This research analyzes the repercussions of election results in Europe. It focuses on the statements made by the political elites in the European countries, the texts published by the European media, and the evaluations prepared by three European-based international organizations.

Keywords

Europe, Media, Nation Alliance, People’s Alliance, Türkiye, 2023 Elections

انتخابات 2023 في تركيا وانعكاساتها في أوروبا

Abstract

مع إجراء الانتخابات مرتين في مايو 2023، تركت تركيا وراءها عملية مهمّة ليس لتاريخها السياسي فقط ولكن للسياسة الدولية أيضًا. أُعِيد انتخاب رجب طيب أردوغان رئيسًا في الجولة الثانية في 28 مايو متفوقًا على خصمه كمال كيليجدار أوغلو بفارق 4.3 نقاط. وقد تابعت الدول الأوروبية التي لها علاقات سياسية واقتصادية وثيقة مع تركيا هذه العملية عن كثب. يحلل هذا البحث انعكاسات نتائج الانتخابات في أوروبا. ويركز على تصريحات النخب السياسية في الدول الأوروبية، والنصوص التي نشرتها وسائل الإعلام الأوروبية، والتقييمات التي أعدتها ثلاث منظمات دولية مقرها في أوروبا.

Keywords

أوروبا, ميديا, تحالف الأمة, تحالف الشعب, تركيا, الانتخابات 2023

References

• »Karar No: 2023/1091«, Resmi Gazete, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/05/20230519M1-1.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 25 Temmuz 2023.
• »World Leaders Continue to Send Congratulatory Messages to President Erdoğan«, Directorate of Communications, https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/english/haberler/detay/world-leaders-continue-to-send-congratulatorymessages-to-president-erdogan, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• Scholz’un ilgili paylaşımı: https://twitter.com/trpresidency/status/1663203095625465857, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• Macron’un ilgili paylaşımı: https://twitter.com/EmmanuelMacron/status/1662897793139089409, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• Sunak’ın ilgili paylaşımı: https://twitter.com/RishiSunak/status/1662922299559870465, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »World Leaders Continue to Send Congratulatory Messages to President Erdoğan«.
• »World Leaders Continue to Send Congratulatory Messages to President Erdoğan«.
• Stefano Fella, »Turkey under Erdoğan: Recent Developments and the 2023 Elections«, House of Commons, https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9806/CBP-9806.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• Yenal Göksun, »Avrupa Medyasında Türkiye Seçimleri: Beklenti, Şok ve Gerçekle Yüzleşme«, Kriter Dergisi, 2023, Yıl: 8, Sayı: 80, s. 90.
• Valeria Giannotta, »Western Perception and Media Coverage of Türkiye’s Elections«, Insight Turkey, 2023, Volume: 25, Issue: 2, pp. 37-46.
• »Turkey Could be on the Brink of Dictatorship«, The Economist, https://www.economist.com/leaders/2023/01/19/turkey-could-be-on-the-brinkof-dictatorship, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »If Turkey Sacks Its Strongman, Democrats Everywhere Should Take Heart«, The Economist, https://www.economist.com/leaders/2023/05/04/if-turkey-sacks-its-strongman-democrats-everywhere-should-take-heart, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Der Unbesiegbare«, Der Spiegel, https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/index-2023-19.html; »Erdogan, l’autre Poutine«, Le Point, https://journal.lepoint.fr/erdogan-l-autre-poutine-2518782, Erişim tarihleri: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• Simon Tisdall, »Turkey’s Two-Faced ‘Sultan’ is No Friend of the West. It’s Time to Play Hardball«, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/feb/05/turkeys-two-faced-sultan-is-no-friend-of-thewest-its-time-to-play-hardball, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Is Erdogan Finished?«, Bild, https://www.bild.de/politik/ausland/politik-inland/ist-erdogan-am-ende-desolate-situation-vor-der-tuerkeiwahl-83713706.bild.html, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• Altun’un ilgili paylaşımı: https://twitter.com/fahrettinaltun/status/1654187166631600128, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Türkiye’deki Seçimler Dünya Basınında Geniş Yer Buldu«, Anadolu Ajansı, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/turkiyedeki-secimler-dunyabasininda-genis-yer-buldu/2897867#, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Türkiye’nin Seçimi Dünya Medyasında Geniş Yer Buluyor«, VOA Türkçe, https://www.voaturkce.com/a/turkiye-nin-secimi-dunya-medyasindagenis-yer-buluyor/7112448.html, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan’ın Zaferi Avrupa Gündeminde: Namağlup Erdoğan«, TRT Haber, https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/cumhurbaskani-erdoganin-zaferi-avrupa-gundeminde-namagluperdogan-770812.html, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• Patrick Wintour, »West Caught Between Fear and Hope as Erdoğan Extends 20-Year Rule in Turkey«, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/28/west-caught-between-fear-hope-erdogan-extends-20-year-rule-turkey-election, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• Max Bader and Hans Schmeets, »The Problem of Selection Bias in OSCE Election Observation Methodology«, Security and Human Rights, 2013, Volume: 24, pp. 1-15; Max Bader and Hans Schmeets, »Is International Election Observation Credible? Evidence from Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe Missions«, Research & Politics, 2014, Volume: 1, Issue: 2, pp. 1-6; Michal Mochtak, »Bias in the Eye of Beholder? 25 Years of Election Monitoring in Europe«, Democratization, 2022, Volume: 29, Issue: 5, pp. 899-917.
• »Doubts Cloud OSCE’s Objectivity After Turkey Report«, Daily Sabah, https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2017/04/24/doubts-cloud-oscesobjectivity-after-turkey-report, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Turkey Blocks Two European MPs from Observing Elections«, The Arab Weekly, https://thearabweekly.com/turkey-blocks-two-european-mpsobserving-elections, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Statement on Türkiye’s Denial of Election Observer Accreditation to Two OSCE Parliamentarians«, OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, https://www.oscepa.org/en/news-a-media/press-releases/press-2023/statementon-tuerkiye-s-denial-of-election-observer-accreditation-to-two-osceparliamentarians, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »International Election Observation Mission Republic of Türkiye – General Elections, 14 May 2023«, OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/6/2/543543.pdf; »International Election Observation Mission Republic of Türkiye – Presidential Election, Second Round, 28 May 2023«, OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/7/c/544660.pdf, Erişim tarihleri: 25 Temmuz 2023.
• »CHP, Halk TV ile İlişkisini Sonlandırdığını Duyurdu«, T24, https://t24.com.tr/haber/chp-halk-tv-ile-iliskisini-sonlandirdigini-duyurdu,1121404, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Belçika’da Alçak Provokasyon: HDP’liler Cumhur İttifakı Müşahitlerine Saldırdı«, Yeni Şafak, https://www.yenisafak.com/dunya/belcikada-alcakprovokasyon-hdpliler-cumhur-ittifaki-musahitlerine-saldirdi-4533132; »Bursa’da HDP’liler Cumhur İttifakı Destekçilerine Saldırdı«, TGRT Haber, https://www.tgrthaber.com.tr/politika-videolari/bursada-hdpliler-cumhurittifaki-destekcilerine-saldirdi; »HDP’liler Kahvehanedekilere Saldırdı«, Sabah, https://www.sabah.com.tr/yasam/hdpliler-kahvehanedekileresaldirdi-6458451, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Ekrem İmamoğlu ve Mansur Yavaş’tan Dördüncü Açıklama: İkinci Tur İhtimali Yüksek, Kılıçdaroğlu Önde Bitirecek«, T24, https://t24.com.tr/haber/ekrem-imamoglu-ve-mansur-yavas-tan-dorduncuaciklama,1109874, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »In Türkiye’s Presidential Runoff, a Competitive Campaign Continued to be Marked by Lack of Level Playing Field and Media Bias, Say International Observers«, Council of Europe, https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/in-t%C3%BCrkiye-s-presidential-runoff-a-competitivecampaign-continued-to-be-marked-by-lack-of-level-playing-field-andmedia-bias-say-international-observers, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Türkiye: Joint Statement by High Representative Josep Borrell and Commissioner for Enlargement Olivér Várhelyi on the Elections«, European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_23_2789; »World Leaders Congratulate Turkey’s Erdogan on Election Win«, Al Jazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/ news/2023/5/28/well-wishes-pour-in-as-erdogan-emerges-victorious-inelections, Erişim tarihleri: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Draft Report on the 2022 Commission Report on Türkiye«, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/AFETPR-749125_EN.pdf; »Erdoğan’s Third Term in Türkiye«, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2023/751405/EPRS_BRI(2023)751405_EN.pdf, Erişim tarihleri: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Joint Statement By D-TR Chair MEP Sergey Lagodinsky and EP Rapporteur on Türkiye MEP Nacho Sánchez Amor«, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/delegations/en/joint-statement-by-d-trchair-mep-sergey/product-details/20230515DPU36204, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• »Weber will den EU-Beitrittsprozess mit der Türkei beenden«, Der Spiegel, https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/tuerkei-manfred-weber-fordertabbruch-des-eu-beitrittsprozesses-nach-sieg-von-recep-tayyip-erdogan-ae2617a21-841c-4fd4-8d01-141afe95cd98, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.
• Bir örnek haber için bakınız: https://www.sabah.com.tr/galeri/dunya/ab-ve-korfez-ile-yeni-donem-dunya-medyasi-yeni-kabineyle-baslayanturkiye-yuzyilina-ovguler-yagdirdi, Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2023.