Effects of an Ad Hoc Training Protocol on Musculoskeletal Dysfunctions in Young

Abstract

Volleyball involves fast, dynamic actions requiring precision and coordination. Repetitive asymmetrical movements increase the risk of spinal issues due to mechanical stress and micro-trauma. Despite this, the effectiveness of specific training protocols to mitigate these problems remains underexplored. This study examines whether a targeted exercise programme can improve posture and reduce musculoskeletal dysfunction risk. To evaluate the effect of an ad hoc training protocol, measuring its effectiveness in reducing the risk of musculoskeletal dysfunction in young volleyball players. Forty-eight athletes (14-16 years) from four teams were divided into an Experimental Group (EG) and a Control Group (CG). The EG followed a six-month protocol integrating balance and corrective exercises in warm-up and post-training sessions, while the CG maintained standard training. Postural changes in kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis were measured pre- and post-intervention using the Zebris Medical GmbH system. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U test. Significant differences emerged between EG and CG, confirming the protocol's effectiveness in improving kyphosis (P = .002), lordosis (P = .033), and scoliosis (P < .001 left, P = .012 right). These findings indicate a significant reduction in spinal postural alterations in EG. A training protocol focusing on balance and postural correction positively impacted spinal alignment in young volleyball players. The significant improvements in EG highlight the importance of integrating targeted exercises into training programmes to reduce postural imbalances and musculoskeletal dysfunction risks.

Keywords

• Lordosis
• Kyphosis
• Scoliosis
• Postural analysis
• Prevention

Gençlerde Kas-İskelet Sistemi İşlev Bozuklukları Üzerine Özel Eğitim Protokolünün Etkileri

Abstract

Voleybol, hassasiyet ve koordinasyon gerektiren hızlı ve dinamik hareketler içerir. Tekrarlayan asimetrik hareketler, mekanik stres ve mikro travma nedeniyle omurga sorunları riskini artırır. Buna rağmen, bu sorunları azaltmaya yönelik özel antrenman protokollerinin etkinliği henüz yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışma, hedefe yönelik bir egzersiz programının duruşu iyileştirip kas-iskelet sistemi işlev bozukluğu riskini azaltıp azaltmadığını incelemektedir. Genç voleybolcuların kas-iskelet sistemi işlev bozukluğu riskini azaltmadaki etkinliğini ölçerek, özel bir antrenman protokolünün etkisini değerlendirmek. Dört takımdan 48 sporcu (14-16 yaş) Deney Grubu (EG) ve Kontrol Grubu (CG) olarak ikiye ayrıldı. EG, ısınma ve antrenman sonrası seanslarda denge ve düzeltici egzersizleri entegre eden altı aylık bir protokol izlerken, CG standart antrenmanı sürdürdü. Kifoz, lordoz ve skolyozdaki postür değişiklikleri, Zebris Medical GmbH sistemi kullanılarak müdahale öncesi ve sonrası ölçüldü. İstatistiksel analiz, Wilcoxon işaretli sıra testi ve Mann-Whitney U testini içeriyordu. EG ve CG arasında önemli farklılıklar ortaya çıktı ve bu da protokolün kifoz (P = .002), lordoz (P = .033) ve skolyoz (P < .001 sol, P = .012 sağ) iyileştirmede etkinliğini doğruladı. Bu bulgular, EG'de omurga postür değişikliklerinde önemli bir azalma olduğunu göstermektedir. Denge ve postür düzeltmeye odaklanan bir antrenman protokolü, genç voleybolcuların omurga hizalamasına olumlu etki etti. EG'deki önemli iyileşmeler, postüral dengesizlikleri ve kas-iskelet sistemi disfonksiyon risklerini azaltmak için hedefli egzersizlerin antrenman programlarına entegre edilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Kifoz
• Lordoz
• Skolyoz
• Postür analizi
• Önleme

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