Research Article
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Investigation of Trait Anxiety Levels and Problem Solving Skills in Curling Athletes

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 68 - 73, 27.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/JPESS.2023.23089

Abstract

In the sport of curling, called chess on the ice, the ability to stay calm for a long time and cognitive performance concepts are extremely important. The aim of this research is to investigate the trait anxiety levels and problem-solving skills of elite and amateur curling athletes. Sixtynine athletes competing in the men and women categories in the 2021–2022 season in the Turkish Curling Super League were included in the study. In the study, the Trait Anxiety Scale was used to measure the anxiety level of the participants, and the Tower of London Test was used to measure the problem-solving skills of executive functions. While the Trait Anxiety Scale was administered with paper and pencil, the Tower of London Test was administered at Atatürk University Sports Sciences Application and Research Center using a desktop computer with Inquisit Player software. JASP 0.15.0.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. In the study, it was determined that the trait anxiety mean score of elite athletes (36.70 ± 6.67) was statistically significantly lower than amateur athletes (55.41 ± 6.51) (p < .05). It was determined that the Tower of London test error rate (1.35 ± 1.76) and solution time (12.82 ± 0.55) of elite athletes were statistically less than the test error rate (3.57 ± 2.22) and solution time (15.42 ± 1.17) of amateur athletes (p < .05). It was determined that the Tower of London Test total score of the elite athletes (82.76 ± 6.73) was statistically significantly higher than the amateurs (52.88 ± 8.04) (p < .05). As a result of the research, it was determined that elite curling athletes had less trait anxiety and their problem-solving skills were higher than amateur curling athletes.

References

  • Albrecht, R. R., & Feltz, D. L. (1987). Generality and specificity of attention belated to competitive anxiety and sport performance. Journal of Sport Psychology, 9(3), 231–248. [CrossRef]
  • Başaran, M. H., Taşğin, Ö., Sanioğlu, A., & Taşkin, A. K. (2009). Sporcularda durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 533–542.
  • Bedir, D., Agduman, F., Bedir, F., & Erhan, S. E. (2023). The mediator role of communication skill in the relationship between empathy, team cohesion, and competition performance in curlers. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1115402. [CrossRef]
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pagem Akademi. https://depo.pegem.net/9789944919289.pdf
  • Can, A. (2013). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Pegem Akademi.
  • Castro-Sánchez, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Chacón-Cuberos, R., López-Gutiérrez, C. J., & Zafra-Santos, E. (2018). Emotional intelligence, motivational climate and levels of anxiety in athletes from different categories of sports: Analysis through structural equations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5), 894. [CrossRef]
  • Civan, A., Arı, R., Görücü, A., & Özdemir, M. (2010). Bireysel ve takım sporcularının müsabaka öncesi ve sonrası durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 193–206.
  • Correia, M. E., & Rosado, A. (2018). Fear of failure and anxiety in sport. Análise Psicológica, 36(1), 75–86. [CrossRef]
  • Craft, L. L., Magyar, T. M., Becker, B. J., & Feltz, D. L. (2003). The relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(1), 44–65. [CrossRef]
  • Culbertson, W. C., & Zillmer, E. A. (1998). The construct validity of the Tower of London DX as a measure of the executive functioning of ADHD children. Assessment, 5(3), 215–226. [CrossRef]
  • Davis, L., Appleby, R., Davis, P., Wetherell, M., & Gustafsson, H. (2018). The role of coach-athlete relationship quality in team sport athletes’ psychophysiological exhaustion: Implications for physical and cognitive performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(17), 1985–1992. [CrossRef]
  • de la Rubia, A., Lorenzo-Calvo, J., & Lorenzo, A. (2020). Does the relative age effect influence short-term performance and sport career in team sports? A qualitative systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1947. [CrossRef]
  • Englert, C., & Bertrams, A. (2012). Anxiety, ego depletion, and sports performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34(5), 580–599. [CrossRef]
  • Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007) Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7(2), 336–353. [CrossRef]
  • Ford, J. L., Ildefonso, K., Jones, M. L., & Arvinen-Barrow, M. (2017). Sportrelated anxiety: Current insights. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 8, 205–212. [CrossRef]
  • Fortes, L. d. S., Lira, H. A. A. d. S., & Lima, R. C. R. Almeida, d., S. S., & Ferreira, M. E. C. (2016). Mental training generates positive effect on competitive anxiety of young swimmers? Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & e Desempenho Humano, 18, 353–361.
  • Fossati, C., Torre, G., Vasta, S., Giombini, A., Quaranta, F., Papalia, R., & Pigozzi, F. (2021). Physical exercise and mental health: The routes of a reciprocal relation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12364. [CrossRef]
  • Goldstein, F. C., & Levin, H. S. (1987). Disorders of reasoning and problemsolving ability. In M. J. Meier, A. L. Benton, & L. Diller (Eds.), Neuropsychological rehabilitation (pp. 327–354).The Guilford Press.
  • Hanin, Y. (2000). Emotions in sport. Human Kinetics Publishers. Go to original source.
  • Hristovski, R., Davids, K., Passos, P., & Araujo, D. (2012). Sport performance as a domain of creative problem solving for self-organizing performer-environment systems. Open Sports Sciences Journal, 5(1), 26–35. [CrossRef]
  • Jacobson, J., & Matthaeus, L. (2014). Athletics and executive functioning: How athletic participation and sport type correlate with cognitive performance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(5), 521–527. [CrossRef]
  • Jordet, G. (2009). Why do English players fail in soccer penalty shootouts? A study of team status, self-regulation, and choking under pressure. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(2), 97–106. [CrossRef]
  • Juezan, G. I., & Osorno, R. I. M. (2022). Sports performance anxiety and sports confidence among college athletes: The moderating effect of friendship quality. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 8(1). [CrossRef]
  • Kleine, D. (1990). Anxiety and sport performance: A meta-analysis. Anxiety Research, 2(2), 113–131. [CrossRef]
  • Kolayiş, H., Sarı, İ., & Çelik, N. (2014). The comparison of critical thinking and problem solving disposition of athletes according to gender and sport type. Journal of Human Sciences, 11(2), 842–849.
  • Millet, G. P., Groslambert, A., Barbier, B., Rouillon, J. D., & Candau, R. B. (2005). Modelling the relationships between training, anxiety, and fatigue in elite athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(6), 492–498. [CrossRef]
  • Mousavi, S., & Meshkini, A. (2011). The effect of mental imagery upon the reduction of athletes anxiety during sport performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 1(1), 342–346.
  • N'Guessan, A. G. (1992). Mécanismes d'apprentissage de l'AWELE: L'apprentissage d'un jeu de stratégies typiquement africain (l'AWELE) chez les adolescents et les joueurs d'échecs suisses (Cilt. 1). Editions Universitaires.
  • Nieuwenhuys, A., Pijpers, J. R., Oudejans, R. R., & Bakker, F. C. (2008). The influence of anxiety on visual attention in climbing. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30(2), 171–185. [CrossRef]
  • Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1983). Süreksiz Durumluk/Sürekli anksiyete Envanteri el kitabı, 1. Baskı, İstanbul, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1–26.
  • Rawlley-Singh, I. (2022). Strategic planning and program management of strength and conditioning support within elite sport: A technical systems-driven perspective. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 44(3), 88–100. [CrossRef]
  • Riccio, C. A., Wolfe, M. E., Romine, C., Davis, B., & Sullivan, J. R. (2004). The Tower of London and neuropsychological assessment of ADHD inadults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19(5), 661–671.[CrossRef]
  • Shallice, T. (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 298(1089), 199–209. [CrossRef]
  • Sheard, M., & Golby, J. (2006). The efficacy of an outdoor adventure education curriculum on selected aspects of positive psychological development. Journal of Experiential Education, 29(2), 187–209. [CrossRef]
  • Siekańska, M., Bondár, R. Z., di Fronso, S., Blecharz, J., & Bertollo, M. (2021). Integrating technology in psychological skills training for performance optimization in elite athletes: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 57, 102008. [CrossRef]
  • Smith, R. E., & Smoll, F. L. (1990). Sport performance anxiety. In Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety (pp. 417–454). Springer.Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2007). Effects of a motivational climate intervention for coaches on young athletes’ sport performance anxiety. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(1), 39–59. [CrossRef]
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gonzalez-Reigosa, F., Martinez-Urrutia, A., Natalicio, L. F., & Natalicio, D. S. (1971). The state-trait anxiety inventory. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia/Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 5(3-4), 145-158.
  • Travassos, B., Davids, K., Araújo, D., & Esteves, T. P. (2013). Performance analysis in team sports: Advances from an Ecological Dynamics approach. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 13(1), 83–95. [CrossRef]
  • Unterrainer, J. M., Kaller, C. P., Halsband, U., & Rahm, B. (2006). Planning abilities and chess: A comparison of chess and non-chess players on the Tower of London task. British Journal of Psychology, 97(3), 299–311. [CrossRef]
  • Vine, S. J., Moore, L. J., & Wilson, M. R. (2011). Quiet eye training facilitates competitive putting performance in elite golfers. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 8. [CrossRef]
  • Williams, A. M., Vickers, J., & Rodrigues, S. (2002). The effects of anxiety on visual search, movement kinematics, and performance in table tennis: A test of Eysenck and Calvo’s processing efficiency theory. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24(4), 438–455. [CrossRef]
  • Wolff, W., Bieleke, M., Martarelli, C. S., & Danckert, J. (2021). A primer on the role of boredom in self-controlled sports and exercise behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 637839. [CrossRef]
  • Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(6), 443–457. [CrossRef]
  • Woodman, T., Hardy, L., Singer, R., Hausenblas, H., & Janelle, C. (2001). Stress and anxiety. In Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 290–318). John Wiley & Sons.

Curling Sporcularında Sürekli Kaygı Düzeyi ve Problem Çözme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 68 - 73, 27.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/JPESS.2023.23089

Abstract

Buzun satrancı olarak adlandırılan curling sporunda, uzun süre sakin kalabilme becerisi ve bilişsel performans kavramları son derece önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı elit ve amatör curling sporcularında sürekli kaygı düzeyi ve problem çözme becerilerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya curling branşında organize edilen en üst düzey lig olan Türkiye Curling Süper Ligi’nde 2021–2022 sezonunda kadın ve erkek kategorilerinde yarışan 69 sporcu dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmada katılımcıların kaygı düzeyini ölçmek için Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği, yürütücü işlevlerden problem çözme becerilerini ölçmek için ise Londra Kulesi Testi kullanılmıştır. Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği kağıt – kalem aracılığıyla uygulanırken, Londra Kulesi Testi Inquisit Player yazılımına sahip masaüstü bilgisayar vasıtasıyla Atatürk Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’nde yapılmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi için JASP 0.15.0.0 yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma bulguları olarak elit sporcuların sürekli kaygı puan ortalamasının (36,70 ± 6,67), amatör sporculardan (55,41 ± 6,51) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p < ,05). Elit sporcuların Londra Kulesi Test hata oranı (1,35 ± 1,76) ve çözüm süresinin (12,82 ± 0,55) amatör sporcuların test hata oranı (3,57 ± 2,22) ve çözüm süresine (15,42 ± 1,17) göre istatistiksel olarak daha kısa olduğu saptanmıştır (p < ,05). Elit sporcuların Londra Kulesi Test toplam puanının (82,76 ± 6,73) ise amatörlere (52,88 ± 8,04) göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p < ,05). Araştırma sonucunda elit curling sporcularının daha az sürekli kaygıya sahip olduğu ve problem çözme beceri düzeylerinin amatör curling sporcularına göre daha üst seviyede olduğu saptanmıştır.

References

  • Albrecht, R. R., & Feltz, D. L. (1987). Generality and specificity of attention belated to competitive anxiety and sport performance. Journal of Sport Psychology, 9(3), 231–248. [CrossRef]
  • Başaran, M. H., Taşğin, Ö., Sanioğlu, A., & Taşkin, A. K. (2009). Sporcularda durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 533–542.
  • Bedir, D., Agduman, F., Bedir, F., & Erhan, S. E. (2023). The mediator role of communication skill in the relationship between empathy, team cohesion, and competition performance in curlers. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1115402. [CrossRef]
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pagem Akademi. https://depo.pegem.net/9789944919289.pdf
  • Can, A. (2013). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Pegem Akademi.
  • Castro-Sánchez, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Chacón-Cuberos, R., López-Gutiérrez, C. J., & Zafra-Santos, E. (2018). Emotional intelligence, motivational climate and levels of anxiety in athletes from different categories of sports: Analysis through structural equations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5), 894. [CrossRef]
  • Civan, A., Arı, R., Görücü, A., & Özdemir, M. (2010). Bireysel ve takım sporcularının müsabaka öncesi ve sonrası durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 193–206.
  • Correia, M. E., & Rosado, A. (2018). Fear of failure and anxiety in sport. Análise Psicológica, 36(1), 75–86. [CrossRef]
  • Craft, L. L., Magyar, T. M., Becker, B. J., & Feltz, D. L. (2003). The relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(1), 44–65. [CrossRef]
  • Culbertson, W. C., & Zillmer, E. A. (1998). The construct validity of the Tower of London DX as a measure of the executive functioning of ADHD children. Assessment, 5(3), 215–226. [CrossRef]
  • Davis, L., Appleby, R., Davis, P., Wetherell, M., & Gustafsson, H. (2018). The role of coach-athlete relationship quality in team sport athletes’ psychophysiological exhaustion: Implications for physical and cognitive performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(17), 1985–1992. [CrossRef]
  • de la Rubia, A., Lorenzo-Calvo, J., & Lorenzo, A. (2020). Does the relative age effect influence short-term performance and sport career in team sports? A qualitative systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1947. [CrossRef]
  • Englert, C., & Bertrams, A. (2012). Anxiety, ego depletion, and sports performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34(5), 580–599. [CrossRef]
  • Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007) Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7(2), 336–353. [CrossRef]
  • Ford, J. L., Ildefonso, K., Jones, M. L., & Arvinen-Barrow, M. (2017). Sportrelated anxiety: Current insights. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 8, 205–212. [CrossRef]
  • Fortes, L. d. S., Lira, H. A. A. d. S., & Lima, R. C. R. Almeida, d., S. S., & Ferreira, M. E. C. (2016). Mental training generates positive effect on competitive anxiety of young swimmers? Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & e Desempenho Humano, 18, 353–361.
  • Fossati, C., Torre, G., Vasta, S., Giombini, A., Quaranta, F., Papalia, R., & Pigozzi, F. (2021). Physical exercise and mental health: The routes of a reciprocal relation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12364. [CrossRef]
  • Goldstein, F. C., & Levin, H. S. (1987). Disorders of reasoning and problemsolving ability. In M. J. Meier, A. L. Benton, & L. Diller (Eds.), Neuropsychological rehabilitation (pp. 327–354).The Guilford Press.
  • Hanin, Y. (2000). Emotions in sport. Human Kinetics Publishers. Go to original source.
  • Hristovski, R., Davids, K., Passos, P., & Araujo, D. (2012). Sport performance as a domain of creative problem solving for self-organizing performer-environment systems. Open Sports Sciences Journal, 5(1), 26–35. [CrossRef]
  • Jacobson, J., & Matthaeus, L. (2014). Athletics and executive functioning: How athletic participation and sport type correlate with cognitive performance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(5), 521–527. [CrossRef]
  • Jordet, G. (2009). Why do English players fail in soccer penalty shootouts? A study of team status, self-regulation, and choking under pressure. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(2), 97–106. [CrossRef]
  • Juezan, G. I., & Osorno, R. I. M. (2022). Sports performance anxiety and sports confidence among college athletes: The moderating effect of friendship quality. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 8(1). [CrossRef]
  • Kleine, D. (1990). Anxiety and sport performance: A meta-analysis. Anxiety Research, 2(2), 113–131. [CrossRef]
  • Kolayiş, H., Sarı, İ., & Çelik, N. (2014). The comparison of critical thinking and problem solving disposition of athletes according to gender and sport type. Journal of Human Sciences, 11(2), 842–849.
  • Millet, G. P., Groslambert, A., Barbier, B., Rouillon, J. D., & Candau, R. B. (2005). Modelling the relationships between training, anxiety, and fatigue in elite athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(6), 492–498. [CrossRef]
  • Mousavi, S., & Meshkini, A. (2011). The effect of mental imagery upon the reduction of athletes anxiety during sport performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 1(1), 342–346.
  • N'Guessan, A. G. (1992). Mécanismes d'apprentissage de l'AWELE: L'apprentissage d'un jeu de stratégies typiquement africain (l'AWELE) chez les adolescents et les joueurs d'échecs suisses (Cilt. 1). Editions Universitaires.
  • Nieuwenhuys, A., Pijpers, J. R., Oudejans, R. R., & Bakker, F. C. (2008). The influence of anxiety on visual attention in climbing. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30(2), 171–185. [CrossRef]
  • Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1983). Süreksiz Durumluk/Sürekli anksiyete Envanteri el kitabı, 1. Baskı, İstanbul, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1–26.
  • Rawlley-Singh, I. (2022). Strategic planning and program management of strength and conditioning support within elite sport: A technical systems-driven perspective. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 44(3), 88–100. [CrossRef]
  • Riccio, C. A., Wolfe, M. E., Romine, C., Davis, B., & Sullivan, J. R. (2004). The Tower of London and neuropsychological assessment of ADHD inadults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19(5), 661–671.[CrossRef]
  • Shallice, T. (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 298(1089), 199–209. [CrossRef]
  • Sheard, M., & Golby, J. (2006). The efficacy of an outdoor adventure education curriculum on selected aspects of positive psychological development. Journal of Experiential Education, 29(2), 187–209. [CrossRef]
  • Siekańska, M., Bondár, R. Z., di Fronso, S., Blecharz, J., & Bertollo, M. (2021). Integrating technology in psychological skills training for performance optimization in elite athletes: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 57, 102008. [CrossRef]
  • Smith, R. E., & Smoll, F. L. (1990). Sport performance anxiety. In Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety (pp. 417–454). Springer.Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2007). Effects of a motivational climate intervention for coaches on young athletes’ sport performance anxiety. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(1), 39–59. [CrossRef]
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gonzalez-Reigosa, F., Martinez-Urrutia, A., Natalicio, L. F., & Natalicio, D. S. (1971). The state-trait anxiety inventory. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia/Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 5(3-4), 145-158.
  • Travassos, B., Davids, K., Araújo, D., & Esteves, T. P. (2013). Performance analysis in team sports: Advances from an Ecological Dynamics approach. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 13(1), 83–95. [CrossRef]
  • Unterrainer, J. M., Kaller, C. P., Halsband, U., & Rahm, B. (2006). Planning abilities and chess: A comparison of chess and non-chess players on the Tower of London task. British Journal of Psychology, 97(3), 299–311. [CrossRef]
  • Vine, S. J., Moore, L. J., & Wilson, M. R. (2011). Quiet eye training facilitates competitive putting performance in elite golfers. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 8. [CrossRef]
  • Williams, A. M., Vickers, J., & Rodrigues, S. (2002). The effects of anxiety on visual search, movement kinematics, and performance in table tennis: A test of Eysenck and Calvo’s processing efficiency theory. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24(4), 438–455. [CrossRef]
  • Wolff, W., Bieleke, M., Martarelli, C. S., & Danckert, J. (2021). A primer on the role of boredom in self-controlled sports and exercise behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 637839. [CrossRef]
  • Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(6), 443–457. [CrossRef]
  • Woodman, T., Hardy, L., Singer, R., Hausenblas, H., & Janelle, C. (2001). Stress and anxiety. In Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 290–318). John Wiley & Sons.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Science and Exercise (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fatih Ağduman This is me 0000-0002-5744-7191

Publication Date September 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 25 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ağduman, F. (2023). Curling Sporcularında Sürekli Kaygı Düzeyi ve Problem Çözme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi. Research in Sport Education and Sciences, 25(3), 68-73. https://doi.org/10.5152/JPESS.2023.23089

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