TKGM CityGML Veri Modelinin 3B WebCBS Uygulamaları Açısından İrdelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 65 - 75, 14.03.2022

Ziya Usta , Alper Tunga Akın , Çetin Cömert

https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1059389

Abstract

CityGML, kent modellerinin depolanması ve transfer edilmesi için tasarlanmış, açık bir veri modeli ve veri formatıdır. CityGML, 3B CBS uygulamalarında en çok kullanılan veri modeli ve veri formatıdır. TKGM tarafından gerçekleştirilen 3B Kent Modelleri ve 3B Kadastro Projesi kapsamında da CityGML veri modeli ve formatı kullanılmaktadır. Bu proje kapsamında, CityGML veri modeli, veri modelinde tanımlı olmayan 3B kadastro çalışmalarında gerekli verilerin tutulması için genişletilmelidir. Bu bağlamda TKGM, örnek “TKGM CityGML” adlı bir veri modeli tasarlayarak, geliştiriciler için kullanılmak üzere bu veri modeline uygun olarak hazırlanmış örnek bir dosya oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada TKGM CityGML veri modeli ve örnek CityGML dosyası incelenmiştir. Böylece TKGM CityGML veri modeline göre gerçekleştirilecek 3B CBS projelerinde veri modeli ve veri formatından dolayı oluşabilecek sorunlar irdelenmiştir. Bu veri modelinin, veri tekrarına sebep olduğu, içerisindeki verilerin ayrıştırılmasının zor olduğu görülmüştür. Özellikle web uygulamaları için TKGM CityGML veri modeli ve formatının uygun olmadığı görülmüş, bu çalışma kapsamında tespit edilen sorunları gideren yeni bir veri modeli ve formatı önerilmiştir.

Keywords

3B CBS, 3B WebCBS, CityGML, TKGM CityGML, CityJSON

Investigation of the TKGM CityGML Data Model in the Context of 3D WebGIS Applications

Abstract

CityGML is designed as an open data model and XML-based format for the storage and exchange of 3DCMs. CityGML is the most used data model and data format for 3D GIS applications. It is also used by nationwide 3D cadastre project called 3D City Models and 3D Cadastre Project by General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre. In the context of this project, CityGML data model should be extended to store city objects that are not defined in the existing CityGML data model. For this purpose, General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre designed a new data model called “TKGM CityGML” and prepared a sample CityGML file for TKGM CityGML data model to be used by developers. In this work, TKGM data model and sample CityGML file has been investigated. The problems that may arise in the 3D applications that use TKGM CityGML data model have been determined. This work indicates that this data model causes data duplication, and this data format is not easy to parse, just like the data model itself. Particularly, this data model and format was not suitable for web applications and in this study a new data model and format have been suggested to eliminate aforementioned problems.

Keywords

3D GIS, 3D WebGIS, CityGML, TKGM CityGML, CityJSON

References

• Analytical Graphics Inc. (2015). AGI An Ansys Company, Retrieved from https://www.agi.com/home
• Biljecki, F., Ledoux, H., & Stoter, J. (2015). Improving the consistency of multi-LOD CityGML datasets by removing redundancy. 3D Geoinformation Science, (pp. 1-17). Springer International Publishing, Cham.
• Biljecki, F., Stoter, J., Ledoux, H., Zlatanova, S., & Çöltekin, A. (2015). Applications of 3D city models: State of the art review. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 4(4), 2842-2889.
• Chaturvedi, K. (2014). Web based 3D analysis and visualization using HTML5 and WebGL (Master's thesis), University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Netherlands.
• Chaturvedi, K., & Kolbe, T. H. (2017). Future City Pilot 1 Engineering Report (Report No. 16-098). Lehrstuhl für Geoinformatik.
• Chaturvedi, K., Willenborg, B., Sindram, M., & Kolbe, T. H. (2017). Solar potential analysis and integration of the time-dependent simulation results for semantic 3D city models using dynamizers. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, IV-4/W5(2017), 25-32.
• Chaturvedi, K., Yao, Z., & Kolbe, T. H. (2015). Web-based Exploration of and interaction with large and deeply structured semantic 3D city models using HTML5 and WebGL. In Wissenschaftlich-Technische Jahrestagung der DGPF und Workshop on Laser Scanning Applications. 2015. (pp. 296-306). DGPF Tagungsband 24/2015.
• Christen, M., & Nebiker, S. (2011). OpenWebGlobe SDK-An open source high-performance virtual globe SDK for open maps. In 1st European State of the Map Conference, Vienna.
• Gesquière, G., & Manin, A. (2012). 3D visualization of urban data based on CityGML with WebGL. International Journal of 3-D Information Modelling (IJ3DIM), 1(3), 1-15.
• Khronos, (2014), Khronos Group, WebGL Specification, Version 1.0.3., Retrieved from https://www.khronos.org/registry/webgl/specs/latest/1.0/
• Klokan Technologies, (2011, Aralık 20). WebGL Earth- open source 3D digital globe written in JavaScript, Retrieved from http://www.webglearth.org/
• Kutzner, T., Chaturvedi, K., & Kolbe, T. H. (2020). CityGML 3.0: New functions open up new applications. PFG-Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science, 88(1), 43-61.
• Kutzner, T., & Kolbe, T. H. (2018). CityGML 3.0: sneak preview. In PFGK18-Photogrammetrie-Fernerkundung-Geoinformatik-Kartographie, 37. Jahrestagung in München 2018, 835-839.
• Ledoux, H., Arroyo Ohori, K., Kumar, K., Dukai, B., Labetski, A., & Vitalis, S. (2019). CityJSON: A compact and easy-to-use encoding of the CityGML data model. Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards, 4(1), 1-12.
• Mao, B., & Ban, Y. (2011). Online Visualisation of a 3D City Model Using CityGML and x3DOM. Cartographica, 46(2), 109-114.
• OGC CityGML 2.0, (2012), OGC city geography markup language (CityGML) encoding standard (Report No. 12-019). Open Geospatial Consortium Version 2.0.0.
• Pispidikis, I. & Dimopoulou, E, (2016, October). Development of a 3D WebGIS system for retrieving and visualizing CityGML data based on their geometric and semantic characteristics by using free and open source technology, ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, In 11th 3D Geoinfo Conference, IV-2/W1(2016), (pp. 47-53).
• Prandi, F., De Amicis, R., Piffer, S., Soave, M., Cadzow, S., Boix, E. G., & D’Hondt, E. (2013, May). Using CityGML to deploy smart-city services for urban ecosystems. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-4/W1, 29th Urban Data Management Symposium, 2013. (pp. 87-92).
• Prandi, F., Devigili., F., Soave., M., Di Staso. U. & De Amicis. R. (2015). 3D web visualization of huge CityGML models. In ISPRS Geospatial Week 2015. Proceedings, XL-3/W3(2015), 601-605.
• Prieto, I., Izkara, J. L., & Delgado del Hoyo, F. J. (2012, June). Efficient visualization of the geometric information of CityGML: application for the documentation of built heritage. In International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (pp. 529-544).
• Rodrigues, J. I., Figueiredo, M. J., & Costa, C. P. (2013, July). Web3DGIS for city models with CityGML and X3D. In 2013 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation (pp. 384-388).
• Schilling, A., Hagedorn, B., & Coors, V. (2012). OGC 3D Portrayal Interoperability Experiment Final Report. Open Geospatial Consortium Engineering Report.
• Taraldsvik, M. (2011). Exploring the Future: is HTML5 the solution for GIS Applications on World Wide Web? Technical Report, NTNU.
• Parisi T. (2015). Programming 3D Applications with HTML5 and WebGL, O’Really Media.
• Wikipedia, (2022, Ocak 8), HTML 5, Retrieved from https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5
• x3DOM, (2022, Ocak 4), x3DOM instant 3D the HTML way. Retrieved from https://www.x3dom.org/
• 3D Kadastro (2022, Ocak 5), GML ID, Name, Class Atamaları. Retrieved from http://cbs.tkgm.gov.tr/3d/html/gml_id_name_class_atamalari.html