Kent Kanyon Geometrilerinin Yer Yüzeyi Sıcaklığı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Kurtuluş Mahallesi Örneği

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 98 - 111, 18.09.2022

Müge Ünal Çilek

https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1095619

Abstract

Kentsel mekanda binalar ve sokakların oluşturduğu form kent kanyonu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kent kanyonlarının geometrik özellikleri dış mekan ısıl durumu üzerinde etkiye sahiptir. Bu yüzden çalışmada sıcak-nemli Adana kent dokusunda yer alan Kurtuluş Mahallesi’ndeki kent kanyonlarının uydu görüntüleri aracılığı ile ısıl durumlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemi 4 basamaktan oluşmaktadır. (i) Landsat 8’den elde edilen termal görüntüler aracılığı ile çalışma alanı yer yüzeyi sıcaklık (YYS) durumu belirlenmiştir. (ii) Çalışma alanındaki kent kanyonları geometrik özelliklerine (yönelim ve bina yüksekliği/sokak genişliği oranı) göre sınıflanmıştır. (iii) YYS ve geometrik özellikler arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak saptanmıştır. (iv) Bulgular doğrultusunda kent planlarına yansıtılabilir öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada en düşük YYS’ye sahip olan alanlar gölge oranının yüksek olduğu derin kent kanyonları ve yoğun kanopi dokusuna sahip yeşil alanlar olarak belirlenmiştir (34,0-35,5℃). En yüksek YYS’ye sahip alanlar ise güneş maruziyetinin yüksek ve gölge oranının düşük olduğu istasyon alanı, stadyum, vb. kentsel mekanlardır (36,5-37,2℃). Derin kanyonlarda D-B yönelimli alanlar K-G yönelimli alanlardan daha düşük YYS’ye sahip olarak istatistiksel olarak ayrılmaktadır (p<0.05). Sığ ve orta derin kanyonlarda ise D-B yönelimli alanlar, K-G yönelimli alanlardan daha yüksek YYS’ye sahip olarak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir (p<0.05).

Keywords

Kent kanyonu, En-boy oranı, Yönelim, Yer yüzeyi sıcaklığı, Sıcak-nemli kent

The Influence of Urban Canyon Geometry on Land Surface Temperature: Kurtuluş Neighborhood

Abstract

Cities have been formed by buildings and streets in urban spaces, defined as city canyons. The geometrical characteristics of canyons affect outdoor thermal conditions. Therefore, this study uses satellite images to determine the thermal conditions of city canyons in the Kurtuluş Neighborhood, which is located in hot-humid Adana city. The study methodology consists of four steps: (i) determination of the land surface temperature (LST) by Landsat 8 thermal images; (ii) classification of canyons according to their geometric characteristics, including orientation and aspect ratio; (iii) determining the statistical relationship between LST and geometric characteristics; and (iv) developing suggestions for future city plans. The study results show that the lowest LSTs (34.0-35.5℃) were determined in deep canyons with a high shadow ratio and green spaces with dense canopy layers. In contrast, the highest LSTs (36.5-37.2℃) were determined in the canyons, where the sun exposure is high, and the shade ratio is low (spaces, train stations, stadiums, etc.). In deep canyons, E-W oriented areas have lower LST than the N-S oriented canyons, and these canyons are statistically distinguished (p<0.05). On the contrary, in shallow and medium-deep canyons, E-W oriented canyons have a higher temperature than the N-W canyons, and these canyons have statistically significant differences (p<0.05).

Keywords

Urban canyon, Aspect ratio, Orientation, Land surface temperature, Hot-humid city

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