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İstanbul Kent Atmosferindeki Aerosollerin Spektral, Konumsal ve Zamansal Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 199 - 210, 26.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1489463

Abstract

Atmosferde akışkan hava içinde sıvı ve/veya katı halde asılı bulunan parçacıklar “Atmosferik Aerosol” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Aerosol hava, iklim, iklim değişikliği, hava kalitesi, halk sağlığı ve astronomi gibi pek çok disiplini etkileyen önemli bir olgudur. Bu çalışmada uzaktan algılama verileriyle İstanbul ili için atmosferik aerosollerin konumsal, zamansal ve spektral özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda İstanbul’un uzun dönem ortalama Aerosol Optik Derinliği (AOD), Angstrom Katsayısı, spektral AOD ve zamansal (aylık, mevsimlik ve yıllık) haritaları üretilerek konumsal, spektral ve zamansal değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Suomi-NPP uydusundaki VIIRS algılayıcısından elde edilen aerosol verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile İstanbul için nispeten fazla detay içeren yüksek çözünürlükte, alansal ve zamansal sürekliliğe sahip, en güncel ve pek çok disiplinde yapılan çalışmalara katkı sağlayacak AOD haritaları sunulmuştur. İstanbul ilinin yüksek AOD değerleri kentin güneyinde Marmara Denizi kıyı şeritleri ve nüfus yoğunluğunun yüksek olduğu kıyıya yakın yerler ile Kuzeyde Sarıyer kıyıları ve nispeten Karadeniz’in kara ile buluştuğu kıyı kesimleridir. Kara üzerinde kentin nüfus yoğunluğu ve bitki örtüsü ile ilintili bir AOD değişimi vardır.

References

  • Allen, R. G. D. (1964). Sampling for current economic statistics. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General), 127(1), 76-88.
  • Coşkun, M., Şahiner, H., & Canbulat, O. (2022). Covid 19 Sürecinde Coğrafi Özellikler ve Atmosfer Kararlılığına Göre Karabük İl Merkezi ve Zonguldak’ın Ereğli İlçesinde Aerosol Optik Derinlik Analizi. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, 45, 380-403.
  • Cryer, J. D. & Chan, K. S. (2008). Time Series Analysis: With Applications in R. Springer.
  • Çetin, B., Ozturk, F., Keles, M., & Yurdakul, S. (2017). PAHs and PCBs in an Eastern Mediterranean megacity, Istanbul: Their spatial and temporal distributions, air-soil exchange and toxicological effects. Environmental Pollution, 220, 1322-1332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.002
  • Güllü, G., Ulutaş, F., Belli, D., Erduran, S., Keskin, S., & Tuncel, G. (1998). The Black Sea aerosol a long range atmospheric transport. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 22(4), 289-303.
  • Gündoğdu, S., Tuygun, G. T., Li, Z., Wei, J., & Elbir, T. (2022). Estimating daily PM2. 5 concentrations using an extreme gradient boosting model based on VIIRS aerosol products over southeastern Europe. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 15(12), 2185-2198.
  • Hatzianastassiou, N., Gkikas, A., Mihalopoulos, N., Torres, O., & Katsoulis, B. D. (2009). Natural versus anthropogenic aerosols in the eastern Mediterranean basin derived from multiyear TOMS and MODIS satellite data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 114(D24), Article D24202. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011982
  • Hinds, W. C. (1999). Aerosol technology: properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles (1st Edition). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Jensen, J. R. (1996). Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective (Second Edition). Prentice Hall.
  • Kabataş, B., Unal, A., Pierce, R. B., Kindap, T., & Pozzoli, L. (2014). The contribution of Saharan dust in PM10 concentration levels in Anatolian Peninsula of Turkey. Science of the Total Environment, 488, 413-421.
  • Karaca, F., Alagha, O., & Erturk, F. (2010). Atmospheric lead concentrations near roadways in a suburban part of Istanbul. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 41(1-2), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2010.032244
  • Karslıoğlu, S., Tezcan, E., Tuygun, G. T., & Elbir, T. (2022). Türkiye’de Terra ve Aqua MODIS uydularından elde edilen aerosol optik derinliğinin zamansal ve mekansal değişimi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 24(70), 303-316.
  • Kong, L., Xin, J., Zhang, W., & Wang, Y. (2016). The empirical correlations between PM2. 5, PM10 and AOD in the Beijing metropolitan region and the PM2. 5, PM10 distributions retrieved by MODIS. Environmental pollution, 216, 350-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.085
  • LAADS DAAC. (2024). AERDB_L2_VIIRS_SNPP - VIIRS/SNPP Deep Blue Aerosol L2 6-Min Swath 6 km. 23 Mayıs 2024’te https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/AERDB_L2_VIIRS_SNPP adresinden alındı.
  • Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. (2023). Araştırma Raporu: Türkiye ve Çevresi Aerosol (Toz Taşınımı) Analizleri 2003-2022. 20 Mayıs 2024’de https://mgm.gov.tr/FILES/genel/raporlar/BatiAsya_2003_2022_TOZ_Degerlendirme _20230202.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Okumuş, D. E., & Terzi, F. (2021). Evaluating the role of urban fabric on surface urban heat island: The case of Istanbul. Sustainable Cities and Society, 73, Article 103128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103128
  • Özkan, S. (2021). Sahra ve Ortadoğu Kaynaklı Çöl Tozlarının Türkiye’deki Ekosistemlere Etkisi. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(28), 413-426.
  • Ramachandra, T. V., & Kumar, U. (2004, September 12-14). Geographic Resources Decision Support System for land use, land cover dynamics analysis [Conference presentation]. FOSS/GRASS Users Conference, Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Sarıyılmaz, F. B. (2012). Zaman Serileri ile Değişim Analizi: İstanbul Sarıyer Örneği [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Sayer, A. M., Hsu, N. C., Lee, J., Bettenhausen, C., Kim, W. V., & Smirnov, A. J. J. O. G. R. A. (2018). Satellite Ocean Aerosol Retrieval (SOAR) algorithm extension to S‐NPP VIIRS as part of the “Deep Blue” aerosol project. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(1), 380-400.
  • STAR Calibration Center. (2023). 23 Mayıs 2024’te https://ncc.nesdis.noaa.gov/VIIRS/ adresinden alındı.
  • Tezcan, E., Karslıoğlu, S., Tuygun, G. T., & Elbir, T. (2022). Türkiye ve Yakın Çevresinde Güneş Fotometreleri ile Elde Edilen Aerosol Optik Derinliği Verisinin Zamansal ve Mekansal Değişimi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 10(3), 1241-1254.
  • Tomasi, C., & Lupi, A. (2017). Primary and secondary sources of atmospheric aerosol. In C. Tomasi, S. Fuzzi & A. Kokhanovsky (Eds.), Atmospheric Aerosols: Life Cycles and Effects on Air Quality and Climate (pp. 1-86). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527336449.ch1
  • Tuygun, G. T., & Elbir, T. (2020). Long-term temporal analysis of the columnar and surface aerosol relationship with planetary boundary layer height at a southern coastal site of Turkey. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11(12), 2259-2269.
  • Tuygun, G. T., Ozdemir, E., & Elbir, T. (2020). Evaluation of MODIS C6 and C6. 1 Dark Target AOD products over Turkey based on NDVI and aerosol type. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11(12), 2335-2349.
  • Tuygun, G. T, & Elbir, T. (2023). Estimation of particulate matter concentrations in Türkiye using a random forest model based on satellite AOD retrievals. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 37(9), 3469-3491.
  • Ünal, Y. S., Toros, H., Deniz, A., & Incecik, S. (2011). Influence of meteorological factors and emission sources on spatial and temporal variations of PM10 concentrations in Istanbul metropolitan area. Atmospheric Environment, 45(31), 5504-5513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.039
  • Zeydan, Ö., & Wang, Y. (2019). Using MODIS derived aerosol optical depth to estimate ground-level PM2. 5 concentrations over Turkey. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 10(5), 1565-1576.
  • Zeydan, Ö., Tariq, S., Qayyum, F., Mehmood, U., & Ul-Haq, Z. (2023). Investigating the long-term trends in aerosol optical depth and its association with meteorological parameters and enhanced vegetation index over Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(8), 20337-20356.

Spectral, Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Aerosol over İstanbul Urban Atmosphere

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 199 - 210, 26.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1489463

Abstract

Particles suspended in liquid and/or solid form in the fluid air in the atmosphere are defined as "Atmospheric Aerosol". Aerosol is an important phenomenon that affects many disciplines such as weather climate, climate change, air quality, public health and astronomy. In this study, spatial, temporal and spectral characteristics of atmospheric aerosols for Istanbul province were examined with remote sensing data. In this regard, long-term average, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) map, Angstrom exponent map, spectral AOD maps and temporal (monthly, seasonal and annual) maps of Istanbul were produced and spatial, spectral and temporal evaluations were performed. Aerosol data obtained from the VIIRS sensor on the Suomi-NPP satellite was used in this study. AOD maps for Istanbul, which contain relatively more detail, are high resolution, have spatial and temporal continuity, are the most up-to-date and will contribute to studies in many disciplines, have been presented. The high AOD values of Istanbul province are the Marmara Sea coastlines in the south of the city and the places close to the coast where the population density is high, and the Sarıyer coasts in the north and the coastal areas where the Black Sea meets the land. There is an AOD change on land related to the city's population density and vegetation.

References

  • Allen, R. G. D. (1964). Sampling for current economic statistics. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General), 127(1), 76-88.
  • Coşkun, M., Şahiner, H., & Canbulat, O. (2022). Covid 19 Sürecinde Coğrafi Özellikler ve Atmosfer Kararlılığına Göre Karabük İl Merkezi ve Zonguldak’ın Ereğli İlçesinde Aerosol Optik Derinlik Analizi. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, 45, 380-403.
  • Cryer, J. D. & Chan, K. S. (2008). Time Series Analysis: With Applications in R. Springer.
  • Çetin, B., Ozturk, F., Keles, M., & Yurdakul, S. (2017). PAHs and PCBs in an Eastern Mediterranean megacity, Istanbul: Their spatial and temporal distributions, air-soil exchange and toxicological effects. Environmental Pollution, 220, 1322-1332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.002
  • Güllü, G., Ulutaş, F., Belli, D., Erduran, S., Keskin, S., & Tuncel, G. (1998). The Black Sea aerosol a long range atmospheric transport. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 22(4), 289-303.
  • Gündoğdu, S., Tuygun, G. T., Li, Z., Wei, J., & Elbir, T. (2022). Estimating daily PM2. 5 concentrations using an extreme gradient boosting model based on VIIRS aerosol products over southeastern Europe. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 15(12), 2185-2198.
  • Hatzianastassiou, N., Gkikas, A., Mihalopoulos, N., Torres, O., & Katsoulis, B. D. (2009). Natural versus anthropogenic aerosols in the eastern Mediterranean basin derived from multiyear TOMS and MODIS satellite data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 114(D24), Article D24202. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011982
  • Hinds, W. C. (1999). Aerosol technology: properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles (1st Edition). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Jensen, J. R. (1996). Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective (Second Edition). Prentice Hall.
  • Kabataş, B., Unal, A., Pierce, R. B., Kindap, T., & Pozzoli, L. (2014). The contribution of Saharan dust in PM10 concentration levels in Anatolian Peninsula of Turkey. Science of the Total Environment, 488, 413-421.
  • Karaca, F., Alagha, O., & Erturk, F. (2010). Atmospheric lead concentrations near roadways in a suburban part of Istanbul. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 41(1-2), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2010.032244
  • Karslıoğlu, S., Tezcan, E., Tuygun, G. T., & Elbir, T. (2022). Türkiye’de Terra ve Aqua MODIS uydularından elde edilen aerosol optik derinliğinin zamansal ve mekansal değişimi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 24(70), 303-316.
  • Kong, L., Xin, J., Zhang, W., & Wang, Y. (2016). The empirical correlations between PM2. 5, PM10 and AOD in the Beijing metropolitan region and the PM2. 5, PM10 distributions retrieved by MODIS. Environmental pollution, 216, 350-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.085
  • LAADS DAAC. (2024). AERDB_L2_VIIRS_SNPP - VIIRS/SNPP Deep Blue Aerosol L2 6-Min Swath 6 km. 23 Mayıs 2024’te https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/AERDB_L2_VIIRS_SNPP adresinden alındı.
  • Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. (2023). Araştırma Raporu: Türkiye ve Çevresi Aerosol (Toz Taşınımı) Analizleri 2003-2022. 20 Mayıs 2024’de https://mgm.gov.tr/FILES/genel/raporlar/BatiAsya_2003_2022_TOZ_Degerlendirme _20230202.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Okumuş, D. E., & Terzi, F. (2021). Evaluating the role of urban fabric on surface urban heat island: The case of Istanbul. Sustainable Cities and Society, 73, Article 103128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103128
  • Özkan, S. (2021). Sahra ve Ortadoğu Kaynaklı Çöl Tozlarının Türkiye’deki Ekosistemlere Etkisi. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(28), 413-426.
  • Ramachandra, T. V., & Kumar, U. (2004, September 12-14). Geographic Resources Decision Support System for land use, land cover dynamics analysis [Conference presentation]. FOSS/GRASS Users Conference, Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Sarıyılmaz, F. B. (2012). Zaman Serileri ile Değişim Analizi: İstanbul Sarıyer Örneği [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Sayer, A. M., Hsu, N. C., Lee, J., Bettenhausen, C., Kim, W. V., & Smirnov, A. J. J. O. G. R. A. (2018). Satellite Ocean Aerosol Retrieval (SOAR) algorithm extension to S‐NPP VIIRS as part of the “Deep Blue” aerosol project. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(1), 380-400.
  • STAR Calibration Center. (2023). 23 Mayıs 2024’te https://ncc.nesdis.noaa.gov/VIIRS/ adresinden alındı.
  • Tezcan, E., Karslıoğlu, S., Tuygun, G. T., & Elbir, T. (2022). Türkiye ve Yakın Çevresinde Güneş Fotometreleri ile Elde Edilen Aerosol Optik Derinliği Verisinin Zamansal ve Mekansal Değişimi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 10(3), 1241-1254.
  • Tomasi, C., & Lupi, A. (2017). Primary and secondary sources of atmospheric aerosol. In C. Tomasi, S. Fuzzi & A. Kokhanovsky (Eds.), Atmospheric Aerosols: Life Cycles and Effects on Air Quality and Climate (pp. 1-86). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527336449.ch1
  • Tuygun, G. T., & Elbir, T. (2020). Long-term temporal analysis of the columnar and surface aerosol relationship with planetary boundary layer height at a southern coastal site of Turkey. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11(12), 2259-2269.
  • Tuygun, G. T., Ozdemir, E., & Elbir, T. (2020). Evaluation of MODIS C6 and C6. 1 Dark Target AOD products over Turkey based on NDVI and aerosol type. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11(12), 2335-2349.
  • Tuygun, G. T, & Elbir, T. (2023). Estimation of particulate matter concentrations in Türkiye using a random forest model based on satellite AOD retrievals. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 37(9), 3469-3491.
  • Ünal, Y. S., Toros, H., Deniz, A., & Incecik, S. (2011). Influence of meteorological factors and emission sources on spatial and temporal variations of PM10 concentrations in Istanbul metropolitan area. Atmospheric Environment, 45(31), 5504-5513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.039
  • Zeydan, Ö., & Wang, Y. (2019). Using MODIS derived aerosol optical depth to estimate ground-level PM2. 5 concentrations over Turkey. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 10(5), 1565-1576.
  • Zeydan, Ö., Tariq, S., Qayyum, F., Mehmood, U., & Ul-Haq, Z. (2023). Investigating the long-term trends in aerosol optical depth and its association with meteorological parameters and enhanced vegetation index over Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(8), 20337-20356.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Geospatial Information Systems and Geospatial Data Modelling, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Funda Yüzlükoğlu 0000-0002-8524-8739

Kazım Kaba 0000-0001-8328-8123

Cahit Yeşilyaprak 0000-0002-9481-2848

Early Pub Date September 24, 2024
Publication Date September 26, 2024
Submission Date May 24, 2024
Acceptance Date August 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yüzlükoğlu, F., Kaba, K., & Yeşilyaprak, C. (2024). İstanbul Kent Atmosferindeki Aerosollerin Spektral, Konumsal ve Zamansal Analizi. Türk Uzaktan Algılama Ve CBS Dergisi, 5(2), 199-210. https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1489463