Amygdalin (Vitamin B17) Effect on Glioblastoma: Focus on Oxidant Capacity and Antioxidant Status

Year 2024, , 75 - 78, 29.08.2024

Sıdıka Genç , Kübra Karabulut , Esmanur Niğde , Yunus Emre Aydin , Beyzanur Aydın , Alperen Enes Aydın , Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi

https://doi.org/10.62425/rtpharma.1523732

Abstract

Objective: Amygdalin (Vitamin B-17) is a type of vitamin, naturally found in many fruits and plants. The aim of the study was the evaluation of Amygdalin effect on the oxidant capacity and oxidant status of the T98G cancer cells. A T98G cell line was used in the study. Cell viability and oxidative stress evaluation were done.
Methods: Amygdalin was used at 1, 4, and 8 µg/mL doses. TAC and TOS values were measured.
Results: According to the result, amygdalin 8 µg/mL shows the highest anticancer effects. TAC level was 3.2 Trolox Equiv/L and TOS was 3.6 H2O2 Equiv/L.
Conclusion: Vit B17 can increase oxidative stress in T98G cells and decrease cell viability

Keywords

Amygdalin, TAC, TOS, MTT, T98G

References

• Altinoz, M. A., Yilmaz, A., Taghizadehghalehjoughi, A., Genc, S., Yeni, Y., Gecili, I., & Hacimuftuoglu, A. (2022). Ulipristal-temozolomide-hydroxyurea combination for glioblastoma: In-vitro studies. Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences. 68(4):468-481
• Bauernfeind, F. G., Horvath, G., Stutz, A., Alnemri, E. S., MacDonald, K., Speert, D., ... & Latz, E. (2009). Cutting edge: NF-κB activating pattern recognition and cytokine receptors license NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NLRP3 expression. The Journal of Immunology, 183(2), 787–791.
• Carter, J. H., McLafferty, M. A., & Goldman, P. (1980). Role of the gastrointestinal microflora in amygdalin (laetrile)-induced cyanide toxicity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 29(3), 301–304.
• El-Desouky, M. A., Fahmi, A. A., Abdelkader, I. Y., & Nasraldin, K. M. (2020). Anticancer effect of amygdalin (vitamin B-17) on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) in the presence and absence of zinc. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 20(4), 486–494.
• Fernald, K., & Kurokawa, M. (2013). Evading apoptosis in cancer. Trends in Cell Biology, 23(12), 620–633.
• Gogolin, S., Ehemann, V., Becker, G., Brueckner, L. M., Dreidax, D., Bannert, S., ... & Westermann, F. (2013). CDK4 inhibition restores G₁-S arrest in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells in the context of doxorubicin-induced DNA damage. Cell Cycle, 12(7), 1091–1104.
• Jaszczak-Wilke, E., Polkowska, Ż., Koprowski, M., Owsianik, K., Mitchell, A. E., & Bałczewski, P. (2021). Amygdalin: Toxicity, anticancer activity and analytical procedures for its determination in plant seeds. Molecules, 26(8), 2253.
• Kafagi, A. H., Li, A. S., Jayne, D., & Brix, S. R. (2024). Anti-GBM disease in pregnancy. BMJ Case Reports CP, 17(4), e257767.
• Kolesarova, A., Baldovska, S., & Roychoudhury, S. (2021). The multiple actions of amygdalin on cellular processes with an emphasis on female reproduction. Pharmaceuticals, 14(9), 881.
• Krebs, E. T. (1970). Nitrilosides (vitamin B-17), their nature, occurrence and metabolic significance. Journal of Applied Nutrition. Lee, H. M., & Moon, A. (2016). Amygdalin regulates apoptosis and adhesion in Hs578T triple-negative breast cancer cells. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 24(1), 62–70.
• Lin, S., Wen, J., Xu, X., Shi, J., Zhang, W., Zheng, T., ... & Fan, L. (2022). Amygdalin induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of lung cancer cells via regulating NF-κB signaling cascade in vitro and in vivo. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 50(5), 1361–1386.
• Loginova, N., Aniskin, D., Timashev, P., Ulasov, I., & Kharwar, R. K. (2024). GBM immunotherapy: Macrophage impacts. Immunological Investigations, 1–22.
• Makarević, J., Rutz, J., Juengel, E., Kaulfuss, S., Reiter, M., Tsaur, I., ... & Blaheta, R. A. (2014). Amygdalin blocks bladder cancer cell growth in vitro by diminishing cyclin A and cdk2. PLoS ONE, 9(8), e105590.
• Makarević, J., Tsaur, I., Juengel, E., Borgmann, H., Nelson, K., Thomas, C., ... & Blaheta, R. A. (2016). Amygdalin delays cell cycle progression and blocks growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro. Life Sciences, 147, 137–142.
• Milazzo, S., Ernst, E., Lejeune, S., & Boehm, K. (2006). Laetrile treatment for cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2006(2).
• Park, H. J., Yoon, S. H., Han, L. S., Zheng, L. T., Jung, K. H., Uhm, Y. K., ... & Hong, S. P. (2005). Amygdalin inhibits genes related to cell cycle in SNU-C4 human colon cancer cells. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 11(33), 5156–5161.
• Seyhan, S. A., Alkaya, D. B., Cesur, S., & Sahin, A. (2023). Investigation of the antitumor effect on breast cancer cells of the electrospun amygdalin-loaded poly(l-lactic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) nanofibers. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 239, 124201.
• Song, Z., & Xu, X. (2014). Advanced research on anti-tumor effects of amygdalin. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 10(Suppl 1), C3–C7.
• Tousson, E., Hafez, E., Abo Gazia, M. M., Salem, S. B., & Mutar, T. F. (2020). Hepatic ameliorative role of vitamin B17 against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma–induced liver toxicity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 9236–9246.
• Yeni, Y., Taghizadehghalehjoughi, A., Genc, S., Hacimuftuoglu, A., Yildirim, S., & Bolat, I. (2023). Glioblastoma cell-derived exosomes induce cell death and oxidative stress in primary cultures of olfactory neurons. Role of redox stress. Molecular Biology Reports, 50(5), 3999–4009.
• Zhang, H., Chen, F., Wang, X., & Yao, H.-Y. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) essential oil and identification of its antioxidant constituents. Food Research International, 39(7), 833–839.