Thalidomide Modulates Oxidative Stress and Tubular Pathology in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Timing-Dependent Manner

Onural Özhan; Ugur Cem Mete; Azibe Yıldız; Merve Durhan; Nigar Vardı; Yılmaz Çiğremiş; Ahmet Acet; Hakan Parlakpınar

doi:10.62425/rtpharma.1780199

Thalidomide Modulates Oxidative Stress and Tubular Pathology in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Timing-Dependent Manner

Abstract

Background: Renal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) drives acute kidney injury through oxidative stress and inflammation. Thalidomide (TD), an immunomodulatory agent, may attenuate IR-related biochemical and structural damage. Methods: Thirty-two female Wistar albino rats were randomized to four groups (n=8): Sham, IR, TD+IR (20 mg/kg i.p. 30 min before ischemia), and IR+TD (20 mg/kg i.p. immediately after 60-min ischemia). All animals underwent right nephrectomy, left renal ischemia (60 min), and 24-h reperfusion. Outcomes included serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine (CR)/albumin; renal malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT); and histopathology (tubular dilatation, epithelial shedding, intertubular congestion). Results: IR increased BUN/CR versus Sham, while albumin was unchanged. TD+IR modestly lowered BUN/CR compared with IR, whereas IR+TD did not improve these indices at 24 h. MDA rose with IR and was reduced by TD+IR (vs IR), but not by IR+TD; CAT fell with IR and was highest in IR+TD, while GSH and SOD showed no significant group differences. Histologically, IR produced tubular epithelial shedding, dilatation, and intertubular congestion. TD+IR improved all parameters except epithelial shedding (vs IR), and IR+TD improved all except tubular dilatation; medullary congestion decreased in both TD groups, more prominently with IR+TD. Conclusion: TD confers schedule-dependent renoprotection in renal IR. Pre-ischemic dosing more consistently preserves function and limits lipid peroxidation, whereas post-ischemic dosing better enhances CAT activity and alleviates medullary congestion. These data support TD as a context-dependent adjunct for peri-ischemic kidney protection.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Research Fund of the Inonu University

Project Number

TLO-2017-799

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval (Protocol No. 2017/A-19) was granted by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, on 23 March 2017.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Medical Pharmacology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Onural Özhan ^*
0000-0001-9018-7849
Türkiye

Ugur Cem Mete
0000-0001-9033-0078
Türkiye

Azibe Yıldız
0000-0001-5686-7867
Türkiye

Merve Durhan
0000-0003-1150-7942
Türkiye

Nigar Vardı
0000-0003-0576-1696
Türkiye

Yılmaz Çiğremiş
0000-0002-8600-0946
Türkiye

Ahmet Acet
0000-0003-1131-1878
Türkiye

Hakan Parlakpınar
0000-0001-9497-3468
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 15, 2026

Submission Date

September 9, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 21, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 3 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.62425/rtpharma.1780199

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA87DN68CJ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Özhan, O., Mete, U. C., Yıldız, A., Durhan, M., Vardı, N., Çiğremiş, Y., Acet, A., & Parlakpınar, H. (2026). Thalidomide Modulates Oxidative Stress and Tubular Pathology in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Timing-Dependent Manner. Recent Trends in Pharmacology, 3(3), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.62425/rtpharma.1780199

AMA

1.Özhan O, Mete UC, Yıldız A, et al. Thalidomide Modulates Oxidative Stress and Tubular Pathology in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Timing-Dependent Manner. Recent Trends in Pharmacology. 2026;3(3):75-86. doi:10.62425/rtpharma.1780199

Chicago

Özhan, Onural, Ugur Cem Mete, Azibe Yıldız, et al. 2026. “Thalidomide Modulates Oxidative Stress and Tubular Pathology in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Timing-Dependent Manner”. Recent Trends in Pharmacology 3 (3): 75-86. https://doi.org/10.62425/rtpharma.1780199.

EndNote

Özhan O, Mete UC, Yıldız A, Durhan M, Vardı N, Çiğremiş Y, Acet A, Parlakpınar H (January 1, 2026) Thalidomide Modulates Oxidative Stress and Tubular Pathology in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Timing-Dependent Manner. Recent Trends in Pharmacology 3 3 75–86.

IEEE

[1]O. Özhan et al., “Thalidomide Modulates Oxidative Stress and Tubular Pathology in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Timing-Dependent Manner”, Recent Trends in Pharmacology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 75–86, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.62425/rtpharma.1780199.

ISNAD

Özhan, Onural - Mete, Ugur Cem - Yıldız, Azibe - Durhan, Merve - Vardı, Nigar - Çiğremiş, Yılmaz - Acet, Ahmet - Parlakpınar, Hakan. “Thalidomide Modulates Oxidative Stress and Tubular Pathology in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Timing-Dependent Manner”. Recent Trends in Pharmacology 3/3 (January 1, 2026): 75-86. https://doi.org/10.62425/rtpharma.1780199.

JAMA

1.Özhan O, Mete UC, Yıldız A, Durhan M, Vardı N, Çiğremiş Y, Acet A, Parlakpınar H. Thalidomide Modulates Oxidative Stress and Tubular Pathology in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Timing-Dependent Manner. Recent Trends in Pharmacology. 2026;3:75–86.

MLA

Özhan, Onural, et al. “Thalidomide Modulates Oxidative Stress and Tubular Pathology in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Timing-Dependent Manner”. Recent Trends in Pharmacology, vol. 3, no. 3, Jan. 2026, pp. 75-86, doi:10.62425/rtpharma.1780199.

Vancouver

1.Onural Özhan, Ugur Cem Mete, Azibe Yıldız, Merve Durhan, Nigar Vardı, Yılmaz Çiğremiş, Ahmet Acet, Hakan Parlakpınar. Thalidomide Modulates Oxidative Stress and Tubular Pathology in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Timing-Dependent Manner. Recent Trends in Pharmacology. 2026 Jan. 1;3(3):75-86. doi:10.62425/rtpharma.1780199