A Structure-Based in Silico Study Proposes Glycophorin-E as a Dual Target for Parkinson’s Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder Modulated by Oleuropein (OLE) Glycophorin-E: A Dual Target for PD/AUD via Oleuropein

Azizeh Shadidizaji; Kağan Tolga Cinisli; Dilanur Ateş; Irmak Ferah Okkay

doi:10.62425/rtpharma.1836939

A Structure-Based in Silico Study Proposes Glycophorin-E as a Dual Target for Parkinson’s Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder Modulated by Oleuropein (OLE) Glycophorin-E: A Dual Target for PD/AUD via Oleuropein

Abstract

Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) have different clinical profiles, but they may share certain molecular weaknesses. This computer-based study explores the new idea that Glycophorin-E (GYPE) could be a common target for both conditions, with the natural compound oleuropein (OLE) as a possible modulator. Methods: Using structure-based computational methods, we conducted molecular docking and interaction analysis to examine how OLE binds to a modeled GYPE structure. Results: The analysis showed that OLE has a stable and energetically favorable binding position in a proposed active site of GYPE, with a binding strength of -5.3 kcal/mol. The complex’s stability comes from a mix of specific intermolecular forces, including important hydrophobic interactions with Val35 and Tyr39, along with essential hydrogen bonds with Ser30, Thr36, Tyr39, and Gln43. Importantly, Tyr39 plays a dual role by also forming a stabilizing salt bridge, adding notable ionic interaction energy that helps stabilize the overall complex. These findings present the first computer-based evidence for strong and specific binding of OLE to GYPE. Conclusion: We suggest that this interaction could explain how OLE shows neuroprotective and anti-addictive effects by influencing GYPE-related pathways. However, this study has limitations since it is a computer-based analysis. Also, because Glycophorin E is a protein with low biological expression, further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to confirm its potential effects in the body.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical Pharmacology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Azizeh Shadidizaji
0009-0007-5573-1360
Türkiye

Kağan Tolga Cinisli
0000-0003-3909-9637
Türkiye

Dilanur Ateş
0009-0004-5182-1703
Türkiye

Irmak Ferah Okkay ^*
0000-0001-8836-9547
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

January 15, 2026

Publication Date

January 15, 2026

Submission Date

December 16, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 14, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 4 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.62425/rtpharma.1836939

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA88DD38BG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Shadidizaji, A., Cinisli, K. T., Ateş, D., & Ferah Okkay, I. (2026). A Structure-Based in Silico Study Proposes Glycophorin-E as a Dual Target for Parkinson’s Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder Modulated by Oleuropein (OLE) Glycophorin-E: A Dual Target for PD/AUD via Oleuropein. Recent Trends in Pharmacology, 4(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.62425/rtpharma.1836939

AMA

1.Shadidizaji A, Cinisli KT, Ateş D, Ferah Okkay I. A Structure-Based in Silico Study Proposes Glycophorin-E as a Dual Target for Parkinson’s Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder Modulated by Oleuropein (OLE) Glycophorin-E: A Dual Target for PD/AUD via Oleuropein. Recent Trends in Pharmacology. 2026;4(1):1-7. doi:10.62425/rtpharma.1836939

Chicago

Shadidizaji, Azizeh, Kağan Tolga Cinisli, Dilanur Ateş, and Irmak Ferah Okkay. 2026. “A Structure-Based in Silico Study Proposes Glycophorin-E As a Dual Target for Parkinson’s Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder Modulated by Oleuropein (OLE) Glycophorin-E: A Dual Target for PD AUD via Oleuropein”. Recent Trends in Pharmacology 4 (1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.62425/rtpharma.1836939.

EndNote

Shadidizaji A, Cinisli KT, Ateş D, Ferah Okkay I (April 1, 2026) A Structure-Based in Silico Study Proposes Glycophorin-E as a Dual Target for Parkinson’s Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder Modulated by Oleuropein (OLE) Glycophorin-E: A Dual Target for PD/AUD via Oleuropein. Recent Trends in Pharmacology 4 1 1–7.

IEEE

[1]A. Shadidizaji, K. T. Cinisli, D. Ateş, and I. Ferah Okkay, “A Structure-Based in Silico Study Proposes Glycophorin-E as a Dual Target for Parkinson’s Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder Modulated by Oleuropein (OLE) Glycophorin-E: A Dual Target for PD/AUD via Oleuropein”, Recent Trends in Pharmacology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–7, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.62425/rtpharma.1836939.

ISNAD

Shadidizaji, Azizeh - Cinisli, Kağan Tolga - Ateş, Dilanur - Ferah Okkay, Irmak. “A Structure-Based in Silico Study Proposes Glycophorin-E As a Dual Target for Parkinson’s Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder Modulated by Oleuropein (OLE) Glycophorin-E: A Dual Target for PD AUD via Oleuropein”. Recent Trends in Pharmacology 4/1 (April 1, 2026): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.62425/rtpharma.1836939.

JAMA

1.Shadidizaji A, Cinisli KT, Ateş D, Ferah Okkay I. A Structure-Based in Silico Study Proposes Glycophorin-E as a Dual Target for Parkinson’s Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder Modulated by Oleuropein (OLE) Glycophorin-E: A Dual Target for PD/AUD via Oleuropein. Recent Trends in Pharmacology. 2026;4:1–7.

MLA

Shadidizaji, Azizeh, et al. “A Structure-Based in Silico Study Proposes Glycophorin-E As a Dual Target for Parkinson’s Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder Modulated by Oleuropein (OLE) Glycophorin-E: A Dual Target for PD AUD via Oleuropein”. Recent Trends in Pharmacology, vol. 4, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 1-7, doi:10.62425/rtpharma.1836939.

Vancouver

1.Azizeh Shadidizaji, Kağan Tolga Cinisli, Dilanur Ateş, Irmak Ferah Okkay. A Structure-Based in Silico Study Proposes Glycophorin-E as a Dual Target for Parkinson’s Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder Modulated by Oleuropein (OLE) Glycophorin-E: A Dual Target for PD/AUD via Oleuropein. Recent Trends in Pharmacology. 2026 Apr. 1;4(1):1-7. doi:10.62425/rtpharma.1836939