Protein-based Approaches for the Diagnosis of COVID-19

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: S1, 31 - 39, 15.05.2020

Beyza Göncü

Abstract

Serology tests are performed for diagnosis or monitoring of the disease for a possible exposure to certain pathogens. The strategy mainly depends on testing the presence of antigens that belongs to pathogens by binding to its specific antibody from blood or serum samples of the patient. Currently, these tests are in the process of development for the novel coronavirus or another term SARS-CoV2 and reported studies still require confirmation by RT-PCR method. The determination of the specific SARS-CoV2 antibody should develop depending on the immune system's response in the presence of a pathogen. Several studies reported different immunoglobulin types from different patient samples, additional data would indicate more specific outcome to produce detection tests. Serology tests are basically characterized by the neutralization, antigen-antibody reaction, and the appropriate detection stage. The definition of immunoglobulin types after infection is the major step. The development of serology test data related to the SARS-CoV2 being reported fast and updated rapidly. Protein-based viral serological tests are an attempt to be accelerated for diagnosis and changes in the course of infection. In order to determine a protein-based test, virus-dependent antigenic portions must be identified however SARS-CoV2antigenic sites still under investigation. Only the antigenic similarities of the other coronavirus serological tests (such as SARS/MERS CoV) provide the serologic test outcome. Though, the effectiveness of similar coronaviruses is evaluated rapidly and reported. The particular antibody that to be bound to its antigen and act as an "anchor" for protein-based approaches of the SARS-CoV2 are still in research process.

Keywords

Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, serology tests

COVID-19 Tanısında Protein Temelli Yaklaşımlar

Abstract

Serolojik testler belirli patojenlere maruziyetin varlığını teşhis etmek ya da seyir takibi amacıyla kullanılan testlerdir. Kan veya serum örnekleri kullanılarak, patojenlere ait antijenlerin varlığı ve spesifik antikorlara bağlanma prensibine göre çalışır. Güncel olarak COVID-19 veya bir diğer deyişle SARS-CoV2 teşhisi ve seroloji testlerine ait bulguların doğrulanması gerçek zamanlı PCR (RT-PCR) tekniği ile yapılmaktadır. SARS-CoV2 seroloji testlerine ilişkin gelişmeler hızlı bir şekilde güncellenmektedir. Özgün SARSCoV2 antikorlarının tayin edilmesi, patojen varlığında immün sistemin oluşturacağı yanıta bağlı olarak geliştirilir. Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda farklı hastalardan elde edilen örneklerde farklı immünglobülin tiplerinin belirlendiği bildirilmiştir. Bu nedenle öncelikle enfeksiyondan sonra gelişen immünglobülin tiplerinin belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Serolojik testler temelde; nötralizasyon, antijen-antikor reaksiyonu ve belirleme aşamaları ile karakterizedir. Enfeksiyonun hızlı teşhisi ve seyrinin takibi için SARS-COV2 seroloji testleri ile ilgili araştırma ve geliştirme çalışmaları hızla devam etmektedir. Bugüne kadar bildirilen serolojik test sonuçları, benzerlik taşıyan koronavirüs antikor testleri (SARS/MERS-CoV vb) kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Bu sürecin tamamlanması için virüse bağlı antijenik kısımların tanımlanması gerekmektedir. SARS-CoV2’ye özgül, antijene bağlanacak antikorun, protein temelli yaklaşımlarda bir "çapa" (anchor) olarak kullanılması için araştırmalar devam etmektedir.

Keywords

Koronavirüs, COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, seroloji testleri

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