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COVID-19 ve Koagülopati

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: S1, 53 - 62, 15.05.2020

Abstract

Ağır Akut Solunum Sendromu Coronavirus 2’nin (SARS-CoV2) etken patojen olduğu SARS-CoV2 enfeksiyonu (COVID-19) yeni bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Akciğerler COVID-19 için hedef organdır; akut akciğer hasarı solunum yetmezliğine ilerleyebilir ve çoklu organ yetersizliği de gelişebilir. COVID-19; inflamasyon artışı, trombosit aktivasyonu, endotel disfonksiyonu ve kan akımında stazın etkisiyle hem venöz hem de arteriyel sistemde tromboz gelişimine neden olabilir. Bu derleme, COVID-19 pandemisinin ilk aylarındaki mevcut güncel bilgiler ışığı altında hazırlandı. Ancak, trombotik komplikasyonla ilgili çalışmalar da dahil mevcut kanıtlar çok sınırlıdır, başlıca az sayıda hastaların olduğu retrospektif analizlere dayalıdır, daha güçlü ve yüksek kalitede yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

References

  • 1. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020 Feb 15;395:497-506. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30183-5. 
  • 2. Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al. COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: Implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Apr 15. pii: S0735-1097(20)35008-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031.
  • 3. Cannegieter SC, Klok FA. COVID-19 associated coagulopathy and thromboembolic disease: Commentary on an interim expert guidance. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020 April 20. doi:10.1002/rth2.12350.
  • 4. Connors JM, Levy JH. COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation. Blood 2020 Apr 27. pii: blood.2020006000. doi:10.1182/blood.2020006000.
  • 5. Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y, Zhong N, Slutsky AS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med 2020;46(4):586-590. doi: 10.1007/s00134020-05985-9. 
  • 6. Zhang L, Yan X, Fan Q, Liu H, Liu X, Liu Z, Zhang Z. D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 19. doi: 10.1111/ jth.14859.
  • 7. Ranucci M, Ballotta A, Di Dedda U, Bayshnikova E, Dei Poli M, Resta M, et al. The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/jth.14854.
  • 8. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020 Mar28;395(10229):1054-1062. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30566-3.
  • 9. Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, Falanga A, Levi M, Clark C, Iba T. Laboratory haemostasis monitoring in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 23. doi: 10.1111/jth.14866.
  • 10. Thachil J. What do monitoring platelet counts in COVID-19 teach us? J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 28. doi: 10.1111/jth.14879.
  • 11. Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, Falanga A, Cattaneo M, Levi M, et al. ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020;18(5):1023-1026. doi: 10.1111/jth.14810. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
  • 12. Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr;18(4):844-847. doi: 10.1111/jth.14768. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
  • 13. Han H, Yang L, Liu R, Liu F, Wu KL, Li J, Liu XH and Zhu CL. Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020 Mar 16. pii: /j/cclm.ahead-of-print/cclm-2020-0188/cclm2020-0188.xml. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0188.
  • 14. Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang S, Xia P, Cao W, Jiang W, et al. Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with COVID-19. N Engl J Med 2020 Apr 23;382(17):e38. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMc2007575. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
  • 15. Harzallah I, Debliquis A, Drénou B. Lupus anticoagulant is frequent in patients with Covid-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 23. doi: 10.1111/jth.14867. [Epub ahead of print]
  • 16. Cui S, Chen S, Li X, Liu S, Wang F. Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 9. doi: 10.1111/jth.14830
  • 17. Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, Arbous MS, Gommers DAMPJ, Kant KM, et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res 2020 pii: S0049-3848(20)30120-1. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013.
  • 18. Helms J, Tacquard, Severac F, Leonard-Lorant I, Ohana M, Delabranche X et al. for the CRICS TRIGGERSEP Group. High risk of thrombosis in patients in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Intens Care Med 2020: DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06062-x
  • 19. World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected. Interim guidance 28 January 2020. Accessible at: https://www.who. int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/clinicalmanagement-of-novel-cov.pdf.
  • 20. Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D and Sun Z. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost 2020 May;18(5):1094-1099. doi: 10.1111/jth.14817. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
  • 21. Llitjos JF, Leclerc M, Chochois C, Monsallier JM, Ramakers M, Auvray M, Merouani K. High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 22. doi: 10.1111/ jth.14869.
  • 22. Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, Falanga A, Levi M, Clark C, et al. Type and dose of heparin in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 23. doi: 10.1111/jth.14870.
  • 23. Thachil J. The versatile heparin in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 May;18(5):1020-1022. doi: 10.1111/jth.14821. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
  • 24. Belen-Apak FB, Sarialioglu F. The old but new: Can unfractioned heparin and low molecular weight heparins inhibit proteolytic activation and cellular internalization of SARS-CoV2 by inhibition of host cell proteases? Med Hypotheses 2020 Apr 20;142:109743. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109743.
  • 25. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi. Bilim Kurulu Çalışması, T. C. Sağlık Bakanlığı 14 Nisan 2020, Ankara.
  • 26. Kwong JC, Schwartz KL, Campitelli MA, Chung H, Crowcroft NS, Karnauchow T, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction after LaboratoryConfirmed Influenza Infection. N Engl J Med 2018;378:345- 353.
  • 27. Lodigiani C, Iapichino G, Carenzo L, Cecconi M, Ferrazzi P, Sebastian T, et al. Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy. Thromb Res 2020 Apr 23;191:9-14. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.024.
  • 28. McGonagle D, O’Donnell JS, Sharif K, Emery P, Bridgewood C. Immune mechanisms of pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy (PIC) in COVID-19 pneumonia. Lancet Rheumatology 2020 (In Press). ISSN 2665-9913.
  • 29. Fox SE, Akmatbekov A, Harbert JL, Li G, Brown QJ, Vander Heide RS. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in Covid-19: The first autopsy series from New Orleans. MedRxiv 2020. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20050575.
  • 30. Tian S, Hu W, Niu L, Liu H, Xu H, Xiao SY. Pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2020 May;15(5):700-704. doi: 10.1016/j. jtho.2020.02.010.
  • 31. Barrett C, Moore HB, Moore EE, McIntyre RC, Moore PK, Burke J, et al. Fibrinolytic therapy for refractory COVID‐19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Scientific rationale and review. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020 April 28. doi:10.1002/rth2.12357.
  • 32. Whyte, Morrow GB, Mitchell JL, Chowdary P, Mutch NJ. Fibrinolytic abnormalities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and versatility of thrombolytic drugs to treat COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 23. doi: 10.1111/jth.14872.
  • 33. Asakura H, Ogawa H. Potential of heparin and nafamostat combination therapy for COVID‐19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 April 17. doi:10.1111/ jth.14858.
  • 34. Shatzel JJ, DeLoughery EP, Lorentz CU, Tucker EI, Aslan JE, Hinds MT, et al. The contact activation system as a potential therapeutic target in patients with COVID‐19. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020 April 18. doi:10.1002/ rth2.12349.
  • 35. Liu J, Li J, Arnold K, Pawlinski R, Key NS. Using heparin molecules to manage COVID-2019. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020 April 23. doi:10.1002/rth2.12353.

COVID-19 and Coagulopathy

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: S1, 53 - 62, 15.05.2020

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is the causative pathogen of a new infectious disease, COVID-19. The lungs are the target organ for COVID-19; acute lung injury can progress to respiratory failure, and multiorgan failure can also occur. COVID-19 may predispose to both venous and arterial thromboembolic disease due to coagulation activation caused by a combination of excessive inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis in blood flow. This review was prepared in the light of the current information available in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the existing evidence, including studies on thrombotic complications, is very limited and derived primarily from small and retrospective analyses, and more strong and high quality new studies are required.

References

  • 1. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020 Feb 15;395:497-506. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30183-5. 
  • 2. Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al. COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: Implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Apr 15. pii: S0735-1097(20)35008-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031.
  • 3. Cannegieter SC, Klok FA. COVID-19 associated coagulopathy and thromboembolic disease: Commentary on an interim expert guidance. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020 April 20. doi:10.1002/rth2.12350.
  • 4. Connors JM, Levy JH. COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation. Blood 2020 Apr 27. pii: blood.2020006000. doi:10.1182/blood.2020006000.
  • 5. Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y, Zhong N, Slutsky AS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med 2020;46(4):586-590. doi: 10.1007/s00134020-05985-9. 
  • 6. Zhang L, Yan X, Fan Q, Liu H, Liu X, Liu Z, Zhang Z. D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 19. doi: 10.1111/ jth.14859.
  • 7. Ranucci M, Ballotta A, Di Dedda U, Bayshnikova E, Dei Poli M, Resta M, et al. The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/jth.14854.
  • 8. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020 Mar28;395(10229):1054-1062. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30566-3.
  • 9. Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, Falanga A, Levi M, Clark C, Iba T. Laboratory haemostasis monitoring in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 23. doi: 10.1111/jth.14866.
  • 10. Thachil J. What do monitoring platelet counts in COVID-19 teach us? J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 28. doi: 10.1111/jth.14879.
  • 11. Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, Falanga A, Cattaneo M, Levi M, et al. ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020;18(5):1023-1026. doi: 10.1111/jth.14810. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
  • 12. Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr;18(4):844-847. doi: 10.1111/jth.14768. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
  • 13. Han H, Yang L, Liu R, Liu F, Wu KL, Li J, Liu XH and Zhu CL. Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020 Mar 16. pii: /j/cclm.ahead-of-print/cclm-2020-0188/cclm2020-0188.xml. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0188.
  • 14. Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang S, Xia P, Cao W, Jiang W, et al. Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with COVID-19. N Engl J Med 2020 Apr 23;382(17):e38. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMc2007575. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
  • 15. Harzallah I, Debliquis A, Drénou B. Lupus anticoagulant is frequent in patients with Covid-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 23. doi: 10.1111/jth.14867. [Epub ahead of print]
  • 16. Cui S, Chen S, Li X, Liu S, Wang F. Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 9. doi: 10.1111/jth.14830
  • 17. Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, Arbous MS, Gommers DAMPJ, Kant KM, et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res 2020 pii: S0049-3848(20)30120-1. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013.
  • 18. Helms J, Tacquard, Severac F, Leonard-Lorant I, Ohana M, Delabranche X et al. for the CRICS TRIGGERSEP Group. High risk of thrombosis in patients in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Intens Care Med 2020: DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06062-x
  • 19. World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected. Interim guidance 28 January 2020. Accessible at: https://www.who. int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/clinicalmanagement-of-novel-cov.pdf.
  • 20. Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D and Sun Z. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost 2020 May;18(5):1094-1099. doi: 10.1111/jth.14817. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
  • 21. Llitjos JF, Leclerc M, Chochois C, Monsallier JM, Ramakers M, Auvray M, Merouani K. High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 22. doi: 10.1111/ jth.14869.
  • 22. Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, Falanga A, Levi M, Clark C, et al. Type and dose of heparin in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 23. doi: 10.1111/jth.14870.
  • 23. Thachil J. The versatile heparin in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 May;18(5):1020-1022. doi: 10.1111/jth.14821. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
  • 24. Belen-Apak FB, Sarialioglu F. The old but new: Can unfractioned heparin and low molecular weight heparins inhibit proteolytic activation and cellular internalization of SARS-CoV2 by inhibition of host cell proteases? Med Hypotheses 2020 Apr 20;142:109743. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109743.
  • 25. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi. Bilim Kurulu Çalışması, T. C. Sağlık Bakanlığı 14 Nisan 2020, Ankara.
  • 26. Kwong JC, Schwartz KL, Campitelli MA, Chung H, Crowcroft NS, Karnauchow T, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction after LaboratoryConfirmed Influenza Infection. N Engl J Med 2018;378:345- 353.
  • 27. Lodigiani C, Iapichino G, Carenzo L, Cecconi M, Ferrazzi P, Sebastian T, et al. Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy. Thromb Res 2020 Apr 23;191:9-14. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.024.
  • 28. McGonagle D, O’Donnell JS, Sharif K, Emery P, Bridgewood C. Immune mechanisms of pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy (PIC) in COVID-19 pneumonia. Lancet Rheumatology 2020 (In Press). ISSN 2665-9913.
  • 29. Fox SE, Akmatbekov A, Harbert JL, Li G, Brown QJ, Vander Heide RS. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in Covid-19: The first autopsy series from New Orleans. MedRxiv 2020. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20050575.
  • 30. Tian S, Hu W, Niu L, Liu H, Xu H, Xiao SY. Pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2020 May;15(5):700-704. doi: 10.1016/j. jtho.2020.02.010.
  • 31. Barrett C, Moore HB, Moore EE, McIntyre RC, Moore PK, Burke J, et al. Fibrinolytic therapy for refractory COVID‐19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Scientific rationale and review. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020 April 28. doi:10.1002/rth2.12357.
  • 32. Whyte, Morrow GB, Mitchell JL, Chowdary P, Mutch NJ. Fibrinolytic abnormalities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and versatility of thrombolytic drugs to treat COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 Apr 23. doi: 10.1111/jth.14872.
  • 33. Asakura H, Ogawa H. Potential of heparin and nafamostat combination therapy for COVID‐19. J Thromb Haemost 2020 April 17. doi:10.1111/ jth.14858.
  • 34. Shatzel JJ, DeLoughery EP, Lorentz CU, Tucker EI, Aslan JE, Hinds MT, et al. The contact activation system as a potential therapeutic target in patients with COVID‐19. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020 April 18. doi:10.1002/ rth2.12349.
  • 35. Liu J, Li J, Arnold K, Pawlinski R, Key NS. Using heparin molecules to manage COVID-2019. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020 April 23. doi:10.1002/rth2.12353.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toxicology, Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

Ayşegül Ünüvar This is me 0000-0002-4730-7697

Publication Date May 15, 2020
Submission Date April 24, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: S1

Cite

MLA Ünüvar, Ayşegül. “COVID-19 Ve Koagülopati”. Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 3, no. S1, 2020, pp. 53-62.