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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC STUDIES IN COMBATING THE NEW CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) OUTBREAK

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 41 - 49, 10.02.2022

Pervin Elvan Tokgün , Sude Dedeoğlu , Ayşe Gaye Tomatır

https://doi.org/10.26650/JARHS2022-946582

Abstract

The new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is transmitted from person to person and causes Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (SARS), emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The definitive diagnosis of the coronavirus, which is transmitted from person to person through droplets, is given through PCR-based tests. The continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to develop an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines developed against COVID-19 can be classified as inactivated/live virus vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines/ vectored vaccines or RNA/DNA vaccines. This review aims to give information about the molecular structure and genetic features of SARSCoV- 2 virus, laboratory diagnostic methods, potential therapeutic drugs and vaccine studies.

Keywords

SARS-COV-2 Molecular genetics methods COVID-19 treatment Vaccine strategies

References

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  • 1. Ünal N. Yeni Koranavirüs Hastalığının Etiyolojisi. Eurasian JHS 2020;3:95-101.
  • 1. Ünal N. Yeni Koranavirüs Hastalığının Etiyolojisi. Eurasian JHS 2020;3:95-101.
  • 2. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Genel Bilgiler, Epidemiyoloji ve Tanı, Kasım 2020. Erişim adresi: https:// covid19.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/39551/0/covid-19rehberigenelbilgil erepidemiyolojivetanipdf.pdf.
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  • 24. Tokgun O, Caliskan A, Coskun C, Tokgun PE, Akca H. Whole Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of SARS‑CoV‑2 strains in Turkey. J Infect Dev Ctries 2021;15(4):470-7.
  • 25. Burbelo PD, Riedo FX, Morishima C, Rawlings S, Smith D, Das S and et al. Detection of Nucleocapsid Antibody to SARS CoV-2 is More Sensitive than Antibody to Spike Protein in COVID-19 Patients. J Infect Dis 2020;222(2):206-13.
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  • 27. McGuire SS, Klassen AB, Heywood J, Sztajnkrycer MD. Prevalence of COVID-19 IgG Antibodies in a Cohort of Municipal First Responders. Prehosp Disaster Med 2021;36(2):131-4.
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YENİ KORONAVİRÜS (COVİD-19) SALGINIYLA MÜCADELEDE MOLEKÜLER BİYOLOJİ VE GENETİK ÇALIŞMALARI

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 41 - 49, 10.02.2022

Pervin Elvan Tokgün , Sude Dedeoğlu , Ayşe Gaye Tomatır

https://doi.org/10.26650/JARHS2022-946582

Abstract

İnsandan insana bulaşan ve Ağır Akut Solunum Yetmezliği Sendromuna (SARS) neden olan yeni tip koronavirüs (SARS-CoV-2) 2019 yılı Aralık ayında Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Damlacıklar yoluyla insandan insana bulaşan koronavirüsün kesin tanısı PZR tabanlı testler ile verilmektedir. COVID-19 pandemisinin devam etmesi SARS-CoV-2 ‘ye karşı etkili bir aşı geliştirmenin gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. COVID-19’a karşı geliştirilen aşılar inaktive edilmiş / canlı virüs aşıları, rekombinant protein aşıları / vektörlü aşılar ve RNA/ DNA aşıları olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Bu derlemede SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün moleküler yapısı ve genetik özellikleri, laboratuvar teşhis metotları, potansiyel terapötik ilaçlar ve aşı çalışmaları hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

SARS-COV-2 Moleküler Genetik yöntemler COVİD-19 Tedavisi Aşı Çalışmaları

References

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  • 1. Ünal N. Yeni Koranavirüs Hastalığının Etiyolojisi. Eurasian JHS 2020;3:95-101.
  • 1. Ünal N. Yeni Koranavirüs Hastalığının Etiyolojisi. Eurasian JHS 2020;3:95-101.
  • 2. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Genel Bilgiler, Epidemiyoloji ve Tanı, Kasım 2020. Erişim adresi: https:// covid19.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/39551/0/covid-19rehberigenelbilgil erepidemiyolojivetanipdf.pdf.
  • 3. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID19 -March 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/ speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-themedia- briefing-on-COVID-19-26-march-2021.
  • 4. Arabacı Ç, Aydın Tutak G, Eroğlu Kesim B, Ertürk B, Ak K, Ağaç E. The Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Microbiological Diagnosis. Eur Arc Med Res 2020;36(1):10-20.
  • 4. Arabacı Ç, Aydın Tutak G, Eroğlu Kesim B, Ertürk B, Ak K, Ağaç E. The Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Microbiological Diagnosis. Eur Arc Med Res 2020;36(1):10-20.
  • 4. Arabacı Ç, Aydın Tutak G, Eroğlu Kesim B, Ertürk B, Ak K, Ağaç E. The Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Microbiological Diagnosis. Eur Arc Med Res 2020;36(1):10-20.
  • 5.Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses. Nat Microbiol 2020;5:562-9.
  • 6. Anderson RM, Fraser C, Ghani AC, Donnelly CA, Riley S, Ferguson NM and et al. Epidemiology, transmission dynamics and control of SARS: the 2002-2003 epidemic. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004;359(1447):1091–105.
  • 7. Peeri NC, Shrestha N, Rahman MS, Zaki R, Tan Z, Bibi S, et al. The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? Int J Epidemiol 2020;49(3):717-26.
  • 8. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W and et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 2020;579(7798): 270–3.
  • 9. Öztan G, İşsever H. Yeni Koronavirüsün (COVID-19) Moleküler Yapısı ve Genomik Karakterizasyonu SABİAD 2020;3(2):61-71.
  • 10. Jin Y, Yang H, Ji W, Wu W, Chen S, Zhang W et al. Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19. Viruses 2020;12:372.
  • 11. Heinz FX, Stiasny K. Profile of SARS-CoV-2. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020;132: 635–44. 12. Schoeman D, Fielding BC. Coronavirus envelope protein: Current knowledge. Virol J 2019;16 (69):2-22.
  • 13. Tang X, Wu C, Li X, Song Y, Yao X, Wu X and et al. On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2. National Science Review 2020;7(6):1012–23.
  • 14. Aktan Ç. COVID-19 Tanısında Kullanılan Moleküler Analiz Yöntemleri. Sağlık Bilimleri Alanında Akademik Çalışmalar - II, Gece Kitaplığı 2020;2:257-66.
  • 14. Aktan Ç. COVID-19 Tanısında Kullanılan Moleküler Analiz Yöntemleri. Sağlık Bilimleri Alanında Akademik Çalışmalar - II, Gece Kitaplığı 2020;2:257-66.
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  • 15. Park M, Won J, Choi BY, Lee CJ. Optimization of primer sets and detection protocols for SARS-CoV-2 of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using PCR and real-time PCR. Exp Mol Med 2020;52(6):963–77.
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  • 17. Teoh BT, Sam SS, Tan KK, Johari J, Danlami MB, Hooi PS and et al. Detection of dengue viruses using reverse transcription-loopmediated isothermal amplification. BMC Infect Dis 2013;13:387.
  • 18. Qian J, Boswell SA, Chidley C, Lu ZX, Pettit ME, Gaudio BL and et al. An enhanced isothermal amplification assay for viral detection. bioRxiv (Preprint) 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.05.28.118059.
  • 19. Gu L, Yan W, Liu L, Wang S, Zhang X, Lyu M. Research Progress on Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA)-Based Biomedical Sensing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018;11(2):35.
  • 20. Kumar S, Kumar A, Venkatesan G. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification system: an update on methods and applications. J Genet Genom 2018;2(112):2.
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  • 20. Kumar S, Kumar A, Venkatesan G. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification system: an update on methods and applications. J Genet Genom 2018;2(112):2.
  • 21. Wu Q, Suo C, Brown T, Wang T, Teichmann SA, Bassett AR. INSIGHT: A population scale COVID-19 testing strategy combining pointof- care diagnosis with centralized high-throughput sequencing. Science Advances 2021;7(7):eabe5054. doi:10.1126/sciadv. abe5054.
  • 22. Shaibu JO, Onwuamah CK, James AB, Okwuraiwe AP, Amoo OS, Salu OB and et al. Full length genomic sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Nigeria. PLoS One 2021;16(1):e0243271. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243271.
  • 23. Chiara M, D’Erchia AM, Gissi C, Manzari C, Parisi A, Resta N and et al. Next generation sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes: challenges, applications and opportunities. Brief Bioinform 2021;22(2):616-30.
  • 24. Tokgun O, Caliskan A, Coskun C, Tokgun PE, Akca H. Whole Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of SARS‑CoV‑2 strains in Turkey. J Infect Dev Ctries 2021;15(4):470-7.
  • 25. Burbelo PD, Riedo FX, Morishima C, Rawlings S, Smith D, Das S and et al. Detection of Nucleocapsid Antibody to SARS CoV-2 is More Sensitive than Antibody to Spike Protein in COVID-19 Patients. J Infect Dis 2020;222(2):206-13.
  • 26. Pan Y, Li X, Yang G, Junli F, Yueting T, Jin Z and et al. Serological immunochromatographic approach in diagnosis with SARS-CoV-2 infected COVID19 patients. J Infect 2020;81(1):e28-e32.
  • 27. McGuire SS, Klassen AB, Heywood J, Sztajnkrycer MD. Prevalence of COVID-19 IgG Antibodies in a Cohort of Municipal First Responders. Prehosp Disaster Med 2021;36(2):131-4.
  • 28. Krammer F. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development. Nature 2020;586(7830):516-27.
  • 29. Wang H, Zhang Y, Huang B, Deng W, Quan Y, Wang W and et al. Development of an Inactivated Vaccine Candidate, BBIBP-CorV, with Potent Protection against SARS-CoV-2. Cell 2020;182(3):713- 21.
  • 30. Gao Q, Bao L, Mao H, Wang L, Xu K, Yang M and et al. Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2. Science 2020;369(6499):77-81.
  • 31. Chen WH, Tao X, Agrawal A, Algaissi A, Peng BH, Pollet J and et al. Yeast-Expressed SARS-CoV Recombinant Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD219-N1) Formulated with Alum Induces Protective Immunity and Reduces Immune Enhancement. bioRxiv (Preprint) 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.05.15.098079.
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  • 34. World Health Organization. DRAFT landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines—20 March 2020. Available from:https://www. who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/novel-coronaviruslandscape- ncov. pdf?ua=1 (accessed Nov 8, 2020).
  • 35. Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA, Weckx LY, Folegatti PM, Aley PK and et al. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet 2021;397(10269):99-111.
  • 36. Zhu FC, Guan XH, Li YH, Huang JY, Jiang T, Hou LH and et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type- 5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2020;396(10249):479-88.
  • 37. Logunov DY, Dolzhikova IV, Shcheblyakov DV, Tukhvatulin AI, Zubkova OV, Dzharullaeva AS et al. Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia. Lancet 2021;397(10275):671-81.
  • 38. Zhang Y, Zeng G, Pan H, Li C, Hu Y, Chu K and et al. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18-59 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2021;21(2):181-92.
  • 39. Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG, Widge AT, Jackson LA, Roberts PC, Makhene M and et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of SARSCoV- 2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Older Adults. N Engl J Med 2020;383(25):2427-38.
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

Pervin Elvan Tokgün 0000-0001-9025-4140

Sude Dedeoğlu 0000-0002-6684-2599

Ayşe Gaye Tomatır This is me 0000-0001-9251-9632

Early Pub Date October 20, 2021
Publication Date February 10, 2022
Submission Date June 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

MLA Tokgün, Pervin Elvan et al. “YENİ KORONAVİRÜS (COVİD-19) SALGINIYLA MÜCADELEDE MOLEKÜLER BİYOLOJİ VE GENETİK ÇALIŞMALARI”. Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 1, 2022, pp. 41-49, doi:10.26650/JARHS2022-946582.
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