PROBIOTICS’ EFFECT ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS, APPETITE HORMONES, AND INFLAMMATION IN PRE-OBESE WOMEN

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 73 - 80, 04.06.2024

İzzet Ülker , Hilal Yıldıran , Mujde Akturk

https://doi.org/10.26650/JARHS2024-1347787

Abstract

Objective: Obesity is one of the most common health problems in the world. The following methods are currently used to treat obesity: medical nutrition therapy, behavioral therapy, medical treatment, and surgical therapy. Discussions are still ongoing regarding whether changing the plasma levels of the hormones that regulate satiety and appetite can be used as a new add-on therapy to pre-existing obesity treatments to decrease food consumption. One possibility for changing the levels of the hormones that control hunger and satiety involves the use of probiotics. This study has been planned and conducted to examine the effects of probiotics on appetite, inflammation, and nutritional status in overweight individuals.

Materials and Methods: The study includes 35 overweight females aged 19-30 years old to who a questionnaire form had been applied prior to the study. Probiotics were given to these individuals for 8 weeks. Food consumption records and anthropometric measurements were taken and a body composition analysis conducted three times during the study. Inflammatory markers such as CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the hormone analyses (i.e., leptin, adiponectin, cholecystokinin, ghrelin, GLP-1, and PYY) were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study using the ELISA method.

Results: The women were asked about their physical activity status, and their appetite hormones and inflammatory markers were analyzed both at the beginning and end of the study. When taken together, the study found the individuals’ anthropometric measurements, inflammatory markers, and hunger hormone levels to have decreased significantly and their satiety hormone levels to have increased significantly after the use of probiotics (p<0.05). However, no significant changes occurred regarding their energy, macronutrients, fiber intake, or physical activity levels (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The study clearly shows an appropriate probiotic strain to be able to significantly affect anthropometric measurements, inflammatory markers, and appetite hormones in overweight individuals without any other intervention.

Keywords

Obesity, probiotics, nutritional status, hormones, inflammatory markers

Project Number

47/2019-08

PROBİYOTİKLERİN PRE-OBEZ KADINLARDA BESLENME DURUMU, AÇLIKTOKLUK HORMONLARI VE İNFLAMASYON DURUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Abstract

Amaç: Obezite dünyadaki en yaygın sağlık sorunlarından birisidir. Obezite tedavisinde güncel yöntemler; tıbbi beslenme tedavisi, davranış terapisi, tıbbi tedavi ve cerrahi tedavidir. Mevcut obezite tedavilerine yeni bir ek tedavi olarak açlık tokluk hormonlarının plazma düzeylerinin değiştirilmesinin besin tüketimini azaltıp azaltmayacağı halen tartışılmaktadır. Açlığı ve tokluğu kontrol eden hormonların düzeylerini değiştirme yöntemlerinden birisi probiyotik kullanımıdır. Bu çalışma hafif şişman bireylerde probiyotiklerin iştah, inflamasyon ve beslenme durumu üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya yaşları 19-30 arasında değişen 35 hafif şişman kadın dahil edilmiştir ve çalışma öncesinde anket formu uygulanmıştır. Probiyotikler katılımcılara 8 hafta boyunca verilmiştir. Çalışma sırasında 3 kez besin tüketim kayıtları, antropometrik ölçümler ve vücut kompozisyonu analizi yapılmıştır. CRP, TNF-α ve IL-6 gibi inflamatuar belirteçler ve hormon analizleri (Leptin, Adiponektin, Kolesistokinin, Ghrelin, GLP-1, PYY) ELISA yöntemiyle çalışmanın başlangıcında ve sonunda değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmanın başında ve sonunda fiziksel aktivite durumu sorgulanmış olup, açlık tokluk hormonları ve inflamatuar belirteçler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda başlangıç durumuna göre antropometrik ölçümlerde, inflamatuar belirteçlerde ve açlık hormon düzeylerinin önemli ölçüde azaldığını ancak probiyotik kullanımı sonrasında tokluk hormonu düzeylerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı arttığını tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Ancak enerji, makrobesin, lif alımı ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir (p>0,05).

Sonuç: Çalışmamız, uygun probiyotik suşunun kilolu bireylerde başka herhangi bir müdahaleye gerek kalmadan antropometrik ölçümleri, inflamatuar belirteçleri ve iştah hormonlarını önemli ölçüde etkileyebileceğini açıkça göstermektedir.

Keywords

Obezite, probiyotikler, beslenme durumu, hormonlar, inflamatuar belirteçler

Project Number

47/2019-08

References

• Zawistowska-Rojek A, Tyski S. Are probiotic really safe for humans? Pol J Microbiol 2018;67(3):251-8. google scholar
• Ciobarca D, Catoi AF, Copaescu C, Miere D, Crisan G. Bariatric surgery in obesity: effects on gut microbiota and micronutrient status. Nutrients 2020;12(1):235. google scholar
• Spencer CN, McQuade JL, Gopalakrishnan V, McCulloch JA, Vetizou M, Cogdill AP, et al. Dietary fiber and probiotics influence the gut microbiome and melanoma immunotherapy response. Science 2021;374(6575):1632-40. google scholar
• Knackstedt R, Knackstedt T, Gatherwright J. The role of topical probiotics in skin conditions: a systematic review of animal and human studies and implications for future therapies. Exp Dermatol 2020;29(1):15-21. google scholar
• Tome-Castro XM, Rodriguez-Arrastia M, Cardona D, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Molina-Torres G, Roman P. Probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in obesity and overweight: a systematic review. Benef Microbes 2021;12(1):5-15. google scholar
• An HM, Park SY, Lee DK, Kim JR, Cha MK, Lee SW, et al. Antiobesity and lipid-lowering effects of Bifidobacterium spp. in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Lipids Health Dis 2011;10:116. google scholar
• Yadav H, Jain S, Sinha PR. Antidiabetic effect of probiotic dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei in high fructose fed rats. Nutrition 2007;23(1):62-8. google scholar
• Heymsfield SB, Wadden TA. Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity. N Engl J Med 2017;376(3):254-66. google scholar
• Mendieta Zeron H, Dommguez Garcıa MV, Camarillo Romero Mdel S, Flores-Merino MV. Peripheral pathways in the food-intake control towards the adipose-intestinal missing link. Int J Endocrinol 2013;2013:598203. google scholar
• Baboota RK, Bishnoi M, Ambalam P, Kondepudi KK, Sarma SM, Boparai RK, et al. Functional food ingredients for the management of obesity and associated co-morbidities-A review. J Funct Foods 2013;5:997-1012. google scholar
• Busetto L, Dicker D, Azran C, Batterham RL, Farpour-Lambert N, Fried M, et al. Practical recommendations of the obesity management task force of the European association for the study of obesity for the post-bariatric surgery medical management. Obes Facts 2017;10(6):597-632. google scholar
• Rouhani MH, Hadi A, Ghaedi E, Salehi M, Mahdavi A, Mohammadi H. Do probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics affect adiponectin and leptin in adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Clin Nutr 2019;38(5):2031-7. google scholar
• Çekok FK, Kahraman T, Kalkışım M, Genç A, Keskinoğlu P. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric study of the Turkish version of the Rapid Assessment of Physical activity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017;17(11):1837-42. google scholar
• Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, editors. Anthropometric standardization reference manual. 15th ed. New York: Human Kinetics Books; 1988. google scholar
• Kutlay Merdol T. Standart yemek tarifeleri. Ankara: Hatipoğlu Yayınevi;1994. google scholar
• Schmid M. Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi BeBis 7.0 paket programı, Entwickelt an der Universital Hohenheim, Stuttgart:2011. google scholar
• Hayran M. Sağlık araştırmaları için temel istatistik. 1st ed. Ankara: Art Ofset Matbaacılık Yayıncılık Organizasyon;2011. google scholar
• Gomes AC, de Sousa RG, Botelho PB, Gomes TLN, Prado PO, Mota JF. The additional effects of a probiotic mix on abdominal adiposity and antioxidant status: A double-blind, randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017;25(1):30-8. google scholar
• Mekkes MC, Weenen TC, Brummer RJ, Claassen E. The development of probiotic treatment in obesity: a review. Benef Microbes 2014:5(1):19-28. google scholar
• Cerdo T, Garda-Santos JA, G Bermudez M, Campoy C. The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. Nutrients 2019;11(3):635. google scholar
• Jung S, Lee Y J, Kim M, Kim M, Kwak J H, Lee J W, et al. Supplementation with two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032, reduced body adiposity and Lp-PLA2 activity in overweight subjects. J Funct Foods 2015:19:744-52. google scholar
• Kadooka Y, Sato M, Imaizumi K, Ogawa A, Ikuyama K, Akai Y, et al. Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010;64(6):636-43. google scholar
• Minami J, Iwabuchi N, Tanaka M, Yamauchi K, Xiao J Z, Abe F, et al. Effects of Bifidobacterium breve B-3 on body fat reductions in pre-obese adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2018;37(3):67-75. google scholar
• Zarrati M, Salehi E, Nourijelyani K, Mofid V, Zadeh MJH, Najafi F, et al. Effects of probiotic yogurt on fat distribution and gene expression of proinflammatory factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in overweight and obese people with or without weight-loss diet. J Am Coll Nutr 2014;33(6):417-25. google scholar
• Behrouz V, Jazayeri S, Aryaeian N, Zahedi MJ, Hosseini F. Effects of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on leptin, adiponectin, and glycemic parameters in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial. Middle East J Dig Dis 2017;9(3):150-7. google scholar
• Higashikawa F, Noda M, Awaya T, Danshiitsoodol N, Matoba Y, Kumagai T, et al. Antiobesity effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus LP28 on overweight subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016;70(5):582-7. google scholar
• Lee H, Lee IS, Choue R Obesity, inflammation and diet. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2013;16(3):143-52. google scholar
• Mulder I, Wadsworth S, Secombes C. Cytokine expression in the intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during infection with Aeromonas salmonicida. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2007;23:747-59. google scholar
• Chiba Y, Shida K, Nagata S, Wada M, Bian L, Wang C, et al. Well-controlled proinflammatory cytokine responses of Peyer’s patch cells to probiotic Lactobacillus casei. Immunology 2010;130(3):352-62. google scholar
• Tennyson CA, Friedman G. Microecology, obesity, and probiotics. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008;15(5):422-7. google scholar
• Hansen L, Hartmann B, BisgaardT, Mineo H, J0rgensen PN, HolstJJ. Somatostatin restrains the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2 from isolated perfused porcine ileum. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000;278(6):E1010-8. google scholar
• Kullisaar T, Zilmer K, Salum T, Rehama A, Zilmer M. The use of probiotic L. fermentum ME-3 containing Reg’Activ Cholesterol supplement for 4 weeks has a positive influence on blood lipoprotein profiles and inflammatory cytokines: an open-label preliminary study. Nutr J 2016;28;15(1):93. google scholar
• Kobyliak N, Falalyeyeva T, Mykhalchyshyn G, Kyriienko D, Komissarenko I. Effect of alive probiotic on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients: Randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018;12(5):617-24. google scholar
• Bernini LJ, Simâo AN, Alfieri DF, Lozovoy MA, Mari NL, Batista de Souza CH, et al. Beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium lactis on lipid profile and cytokines in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial. Effects of probiotics on metabolic syndrome. Nutrition 2016;32(6):716-9. google scholar