Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

REFLECTİONS OF CHİMERİSM İN CONTEMPORARY ART

Year 2024, Issue: 43, 52 - 64, 26.03.2024

Abstract

Primitive people tried to find a meaning for natural events through causal relations with their limited knowledge. One example is mythological monsters, which are actually the different aspects of nature in forms. All these monsters are products of the Mother Goddess as a woman, and they are visualized versions of uncanny and dangerous side of nature. One of these monsters, with a lion ahead, a goat body, and a snake tail in Greek Mythology, is called Chimera. Later, these multi-identity monster, whose parts also mean something on their own, became a symbol and a source of reference for different fields such as biology, psychology and art. Chimerism, i.e. the coexistence of different identities in one body, has gained a scientific basis, especially in biology through the advancement of gene technology. Finding different gene codes in the same body has proven that there are real chimeras, including humans, in nature. The fact that human, animal and plant genes can exist in one body has led to many ethical debates. Art opens a discussion space for the redefinition of such ethical boundaries today. In this study, the counterparts of creatures called Chimera in the history of contemporary art will be discussed.

Project Number

AJ-0-0 - (168)

References

  • Collins, J. (2014). Sculpture today. London: Phaidon.
  • Çaycı, P. A. (2018, Ağustos). Mitoloji ve din (s. 3-12). Eskişehir, Türkiye: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
  • Erhat, A. (2017). Mitoloji sözlüğü. İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.
  • Eyüboğlu, S., & Erhat, A. (1977). Hesiodos eseri ve kaynakları. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları.
  • İlden, S. Y., & Sarıca, S. (2023). Çağdaş sanatta ileri dönüşüm ve çöpün olanaklarını keşfetmek. Sanat Ve Yorum (41),82-89. doi: 10.5152/AI.2023.221652
  • Kac, E. (2007). Life Transformation—Art Mutation. Signs of life bio art and beyond (p. 163-180). içinde Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  • Kaya, A. (2023). Çağdaş sanat formu olarak dijital heykel, dijital heykelin sağladığı yeni olanaklar. Sanat ve İkonografi Dergisi(4), 2-9. doi: 10.5152/ArtIcon.2023.1226421
  • Leeming, D. A. (2015). The handy mythology answer book. Canton: Visible Ink Press.
  • Myers, W. (2015). BioArt altered realities. London: Thames & Hudson.
  • Rosenberg, D. (1999). World mythology. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group.
  • Sarnıç, K. Ö. (2015). Çağdaş Türk seramik sanatında arkeolojik imgelem. Sanat Dergisi (28), 37-46.
  • Vaage, N. S. (2011). Hybrids in art theoretical perspectives on art in the age of genetics.The transgenic art of Eduardo Kac. Bergen: Department of Linguistic, Literary, and Aesthetic Studies University of Bergen.
  • Pi̇cture References Picture 1. Wall of Messengers. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations080.jpg
  • Picture 2. Chimera of Arezzo, Etruscan Bronze Statue. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimera_of_Arezzo#/media/File:Chimera_d'arezzo,_fi,_04.JPG
  • Picture 3. Eduardo Kac’s Enigma. https://www.ekac.org/gfpbunny.html Eduardo Kac’s Alba. https://www.ekac.org/nat.hist.enig.html
  • Picture 5. Maja Smrekar’s The Human Molecular Colonization Capacity. https://www.majasmrekar.org/humcc-human-molecular-colonisation-capacity
  • Picture 6. The Glowing Sushi Project. https://www.foodprocessing-technology.com/features/featureglowing-sushi-experimenting-futuristic-food/
  • Picture 7. Thomas Grünfeld’s Misfits. http://thibautburgman.blogspot.com/2009/04/thomas-grunfeld-misfits.html
  • Picture 8. Kaino's Craft Series, Salmon Layered in Shark Skin. http://www.glennkainostudio.com/artwork/graft
  • Picture 9. Patricia Piccinini’s The Young Family. https://www.kunstmeile.at/en/exhibitions/29-patricia-piccinini
  • Picture 10. Kate Macdovel's Ceramic Sculptures. https://www.katemacdowell.com/invasiverabbit.html
  • Picture 11. Kate Macdovel's Ceramic Sculptures. https://www.katemacdowell.com/miceandmen_detail.html
  • Picture 12. Uli Westpal's Chimaerama. https://www.uliwestphal.de/chimaerama/index.html
  • Picture 13. Daniel Lee’s Year of the Cock. https://www.sacurrent.com/arts/daniel-lees-modern-day-chimera-haunting-sama-2241676
  • Internet References Bulfinch, T. (2004). Bulfinch’s mythology. The Project Gutenberg eBook.
  • Chan, W. F., & Nelson, J. (2013, January 1). Microchimerism in the human brain. National. Library of Medicine.
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654737/
  • Chan, W. F., Gurnot, C., Montine, T., Sonnen, J., & Guthrie, K. (2012 , September 26). Male Microchimerism in the human female brain. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3458919/
  • Dalton, J. (2019, August 03). World’s first human-monkey hybrid created in China, scientists reveal. independet. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/human-monkey-hybrid-china-organ-transplant-stem-cells-embryo-a9037506.html
  • Graft. (2006). Glenn Kaino Studio. http://www.glennkainostudio.com/artwork/graft
  • Kimerizm nedir? Kimerizm türleri nelerdir? www.ntv.com.tr. https://www.ntv.com.tr/saglik/kimerizm-nedir-kimerizm-turleri-nelerdir,rSnL0I7E7kmqh53M1uLdnQ
  • Hamlyn, P. (1969). New Larousse Encyclopedia of mythology. Hamlyn House, The Centre, Feltham,Middlesex,England.
  • http://www.patriciapiccinini.net. (14, May 2023). Patricia Piccinini. http://www.patriciapiccinini.net/a-cv.php
  • M.Sc., J. J. (2022, June 2). The impossible crime (Unless you know about chimeras). McGill Office for Science and Society. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/critical-thinking/impossible-crime-unless-you-know-about-chimeras
  • Macdowell, k. (2023, 05 17). statement. katemacdowell.com. https://www.katemacdowell.com/statement.html
  • Okinaka, B. (2008, April 6). Glenn Kaino - Interview with an artist. discover nikkei.
  • https://discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2008/4/6/glenn-kaino/
  • Piccinini, P. (2019, February). Your place is my place. (R. Braidotti, Interviewer).
  • http://www.patriciapiccinini.net/a-essay.php?id=110
  • Shrivastava, S., Naik, R., Suryawanshi, H., & Gupta, N. (2019, May-Aug 23(2)). Microchimerism: A new concept. National Library of Medicine.
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6714269/#:~:text=Microchimerism%20is%20the%20presence%20of,trafficking%20between%20mother%20and%20fetus.
  • Vidyasagar, A. (2016, september 29). Human-animal chimeras: Biological Research & Ethical Issues.
  • LiveScience. https://www.livescience.com/56309-human-animal-chimeras.html
  • Westphal, U. (2023, 05 17). Chimaerama. uliwestphal.de. https://www.uliwestphal.de/chimaerama/index.html
  • Zimmer, C. (2013, september 16). Science. The New York Times.
  • https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/17/science/dna-double-take.html

Çağdaş Sanat İçerisinde Kimerizmin Yansımaları

Year 2024, Issue: 43, 52 - 64, 26.03.2024

Abstract

Mitler, ilk çağdaki insanların bilimsel bilginin yoksunluğunda, kendilerini çevreleyen doğayı anlamaya yönelik cevap arayışlarının sonuçlarıdır. İlkel insanlar kendi sınırlı bilgileriyle, nedensellik ilişkileri kurarak doğa olaylarına bir anlam bulmaya çalışmışlardır. Doğanın farklı yönlerinin biçim kazanmış halleri olan mitolojik canavarlarda bu duruma örnek gösterilebilir. Bütün bu canavarların hepsi bir kadın olarak Ana Tanrıça’nın ürünleridir ve doğanın tekinsiz ve tehlikeli halinin görsellik kazanmış halleridir. Bu canavarlardan birisi olan Yunan Mitolojisindeki aslan kafalı, keçi gövdeli ve yılan kuyruklu canavar, Kimeria olarak adlandırılmıştır. Daha sonra, parçaları tek başlarına da bir anlam ifade eden bu çok kimlikli canavar bir sembole dönüşmüş ve biyoloji, psikoloji ve sanat gibi farklı alanlar için başvuru kaynağı haline gelmiştir. Bir beden içerisinde farklı kimliklerin bir arada var olabilmesi anlamına gelen kimerizim özellikle biyoloji alanında gen teknolojisinin ilerlemesiyle birlikte bilimsel bir taban kazanmıştır. Aynı bedende farklı gen kodlarına rastlanılması doğada da insan dahil gerçek kimeriaların var olduğunu kanıtlamıştır. İnsan, hayvan ve bitki genlerinin bir beden de var olabildiği örneklerin ortaya çıkması birçok etik tartışamaya yol açmıştır. Sanat yakın gelecekte daha sıkılıkla karşılaşılacak bu örnekler için günümüzde etik sınırların yeniden belirlemesine yönelik bir tartışma alanı açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Kimeria olarak adlandırılan, yaratıkların çağdaş sanat tarihindeki karşılıklarına değinilecektir.

Project Number

AJ-0-0 - (168)

References

  • Collins, J. (2014). Sculpture today. London: Phaidon.
  • Çaycı, P. A. (2018, Ağustos). Mitoloji ve din (s. 3-12). Eskişehir, Türkiye: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
  • Erhat, A. (2017). Mitoloji sözlüğü. İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.
  • Eyüboğlu, S., & Erhat, A. (1977). Hesiodos eseri ve kaynakları. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları.
  • İlden, S. Y., & Sarıca, S. (2023). Çağdaş sanatta ileri dönüşüm ve çöpün olanaklarını keşfetmek. Sanat Ve Yorum (41),82-89. doi: 10.5152/AI.2023.221652
  • Kac, E. (2007). Life Transformation—Art Mutation. Signs of life bio art and beyond (p. 163-180). içinde Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  • Kaya, A. (2023). Çağdaş sanat formu olarak dijital heykel, dijital heykelin sağladığı yeni olanaklar. Sanat ve İkonografi Dergisi(4), 2-9. doi: 10.5152/ArtIcon.2023.1226421
  • Leeming, D. A. (2015). The handy mythology answer book. Canton: Visible Ink Press.
  • Myers, W. (2015). BioArt altered realities. London: Thames & Hudson.
  • Rosenberg, D. (1999). World mythology. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group.
  • Sarnıç, K. Ö. (2015). Çağdaş Türk seramik sanatında arkeolojik imgelem. Sanat Dergisi (28), 37-46.
  • Vaage, N. S. (2011). Hybrids in art theoretical perspectives on art in the age of genetics.The transgenic art of Eduardo Kac. Bergen: Department of Linguistic, Literary, and Aesthetic Studies University of Bergen.
  • Pi̇cture References Picture 1. Wall of Messengers. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations080.jpg
  • Picture 2. Chimera of Arezzo, Etruscan Bronze Statue. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimera_of_Arezzo#/media/File:Chimera_d'arezzo,_fi,_04.JPG
  • Picture 3. Eduardo Kac’s Enigma. https://www.ekac.org/gfpbunny.html Eduardo Kac’s Alba. https://www.ekac.org/nat.hist.enig.html
  • Picture 5. Maja Smrekar’s The Human Molecular Colonization Capacity. https://www.majasmrekar.org/humcc-human-molecular-colonisation-capacity
  • Picture 6. The Glowing Sushi Project. https://www.foodprocessing-technology.com/features/featureglowing-sushi-experimenting-futuristic-food/
  • Picture 7. Thomas Grünfeld’s Misfits. http://thibautburgman.blogspot.com/2009/04/thomas-grunfeld-misfits.html
  • Picture 8. Kaino's Craft Series, Salmon Layered in Shark Skin. http://www.glennkainostudio.com/artwork/graft
  • Picture 9. Patricia Piccinini’s The Young Family. https://www.kunstmeile.at/en/exhibitions/29-patricia-piccinini
  • Picture 10. Kate Macdovel's Ceramic Sculptures. https://www.katemacdowell.com/invasiverabbit.html
  • Picture 11. Kate Macdovel's Ceramic Sculptures. https://www.katemacdowell.com/miceandmen_detail.html
  • Picture 12. Uli Westpal's Chimaerama. https://www.uliwestphal.de/chimaerama/index.html
  • Picture 13. Daniel Lee’s Year of the Cock. https://www.sacurrent.com/arts/daniel-lees-modern-day-chimera-haunting-sama-2241676
  • Internet References Bulfinch, T. (2004). Bulfinch’s mythology. The Project Gutenberg eBook.
  • Chan, W. F., & Nelson, J. (2013, January 1). Microchimerism in the human brain. National. Library of Medicine.
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654737/
  • Chan, W. F., Gurnot, C., Montine, T., Sonnen, J., & Guthrie, K. (2012 , September 26). Male Microchimerism in the human female brain. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3458919/
  • Dalton, J. (2019, August 03). World’s first human-monkey hybrid created in China, scientists reveal. independet. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/human-monkey-hybrid-china-organ-transplant-stem-cells-embryo-a9037506.html
  • Graft. (2006). Glenn Kaino Studio. http://www.glennkainostudio.com/artwork/graft
  • Kimerizm nedir? Kimerizm türleri nelerdir? www.ntv.com.tr. https://www.ntv.com.tr/saglik/kimerizm-nedir-kimerizm-turleri-nelerdir,rSnL0I7E7kmqh53M1uLdnQ
  • Hamlyn, P. (1969). New Larousse Encyclopedia of mythology. Hamlyn House, The Centre, Feltham,Middlesex,England.
  • http://www.patriciapiccinini.net. (14, May 2023). Patricia Piccinini. http://www.patriciapiccinini.net/a-cv.php
  • M.Sc., J. J. (2022, June 2). The impossible crime (Unless you know about chimeras). McGill Office for Science and Society. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/critical-thinking/impossible-crime-unless-you-know-about-chimeras
  • Macdowell, k. (2023, 05 17). statement. katemacdowell.com. https://www.katemacdowell.com/statement.html
  • Okinaka, B. (2008, April 6). Glenn Kaino - Interview with an artist. discover nikkei.
  • https://discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2008/4/6/glenn-kaino/
  • Piccinini, P. (2019, February). Your place is my place. (R. Braidotti, Interviewer).
  • http://www.patriciapiccinini.net/a-essay.php?id=110
  • Shrivastava, S., Naik, R., Suryawanshi, H., & Gupta, N. (2019, May-Aug 23(2)). Microchimerism: A new concept. National Library of Medicine.
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6714269/#:~:text=Microchimerism%20is%20the%20presence%20of,trafficking%20between%20mother%20and%20fetus.
  • Vidyasagar, A. (2016, september 29). Human-animal chimeras: Biological Research & Ethical Issues.
  • LiveScience. https://www.livescience.com/56309-human-animal-chimeras.html
  • Westphal, U. (2023, 05 17). Chimaerama. uliwestphal.de. https://www.uliwestphal.de/chimaerama/index.html
  • Zimmer, C. (2013, september 16). Science. The New York Times.
  • https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/17/science/dna-double-take.html
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Fine Arts, Performance Art, Visual Arts (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Arif Çekderi 0000-0002-6977-136X

Project Number AJ-0-0 - (168)
Early Pub Date March 26, 2024
Publication Date March 26, 2024
Submission Date January 30, 2024
Acceptance Date February 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 43

Cite

APA Çekderi, A. (2024). REFLECTİONS OF CHİMERİSM İN CONTEMPORARY ART. Sanat Ve Yorum(43), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.47571/sanatyorum.1428547

Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License

29929