A PDE-Driven Laplacian Multi-Exposure Fusion for Structure-Preserving Image

Dhruv Jain; Ayush Dogra; Vinay Kukreja; Bhawna Goyal

doi:10.35377/saucis...1860558

A PDE-Driven Laplacian Multi-Exposure Fusion for Structure-Preserving Image

Abstract

Multi-Exposure Image Fusion (MEF) aims to fuse a single visually symmetrical image, which combines the luminosity and preserves the structural data of a scene at different exposure levels. Traditionally, Laplacian Pyramid (LP) fusion methods rely on Gaussian smoothing, which diffuses intensity isotropically, resulting in blurred edges, halo artifacts, and loss of fine detail. To overcome these limitations, the paper proposes a method comprising Mean Curvature and Laplacian Pyramid that combines curvature-based edge preservation with multiscale structural decomposition. Mean Curvature Filtering (MCF), formulated on curvature flow principles, acts as an anisotropic smoothing operator that preserves edges and geometric discontinuities while suppressing low-frequency noise. The MCF is integrated into the pyramid construction to ensure structure-aware decomposition, producing curvature-sensitive base and detail layers. A covariance-based adaptive weighting strategy is employed for detail layer fusion, enhancing locally salient textures, while the base layer is averaged to maintain consistent illumination. The fused image is reconstructed through recursive MCF-based expansion to achieve seamless integration of global brightness and multiscale structural details. Experimental evaluation indicates that the proposed framework achieves enhanced sharpness, natural contrast, and reduced artifacts by effectively balancing noise suppression with edge fidelity. The approach thus provides a mathematically consistent and perceptually coherent formulation for multi-exposure fusion using curvature-driven multiscale representation.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

It is declared that during the preparation process of this study, scientific and ethical principles were followed, and all the studies benefited from are stated in the bibliography.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Applied Computing (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Dhruv Jain ^*
0009-0003-4860-6685
India

Ayush Dogra
0000-0002-6093-7124
India

Vinay Kukreja
0000-0002-9760-0824
India

Bhawna Goyal
0000-0003-0111-9612
India

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

January 13, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 22, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis...1860558

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA76HY73CP

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Jain, D., Dogra, A., Kukreja, V., & Goyal, B. (2026). A PDE-Driven Laplacian Multi-Exposure Fusion for Structure-Preserving Image. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, 9(4), 1179-1208. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis...1860558

AMA

1.Jain D, Dogra A, Kukreja V, Goyal B. A PDE-Driven Laplacian Multi-Exposure Fusion for Structure-Preserving Image. SAUCIS. 2026;9(4):1179-1208. doi:10.35377/saucis.1860558

Chicago

Jain, Dhruv, Ayush Dogra, Vinay Kukreja, and Bhawna Goyal. 2026. “A PDE-Driven Laplacian Multi-Exposure Fusion for Structure-Preserving Image”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 9 (4): 1179-1208. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis. 1860558.

EndNote

Jain D, Dogra A, Kukreja V, Goyal B (September 1, 2026) A PDE-Driven Laplacian Multi-Exposure Fusion for Structure-Preserving Image. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 9 4 1179–1208.

IEEE

[1]D. Jain, A. Dogra, V. Kukreja, and B. Goyal, “A PDE-Driven Laplacian Multi-Exposure Fusion for Structure-Preserving Image”, SAUCIS, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1179–1208, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.35377/saucis...1860558.

ISNAD

Jain, Dhruv - Dogra, Ayush - Kukreja, Vinay - Goyal, Bhawna. “A PDE-Driven Laplacian Multi-Exposure Fusion for Structure-Preserving Image”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 9/4 (September 1, 2026): 1179-1208. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis. 1860558.

JAMA

1.Jain D, Dogra A, Kukreja V, Goyal B. A PDE-Driven Laplacian Multi-Exposure Fusion for Structure-Preserving Image. SAUCIS. 2026;9:1179–1208.

MLA

Jain, Dhruv, et al. “A PDE-Driven Laplacian Multi-Exposure Fusion for Structure-Preserving Image”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 9, no. 4, Sept. 2026, pp. 1179-08, doi:10.35377/saucis. 1860558.

Vancouver

1.Dhruv Jain, Ayush Dogra, Vinay Kukreja, Bhawna Goyal. A PDE-Driven Laplacian Multi-Exposure Fusion for Structure-Preserving Image. SAUCIS. 2026 Sep. 1;9(4):1179-208. doi:10.35377/saucis. 1860558