The Effect of Acute High-Intensity Exercise During The Menstrual Cycle And Circadian Rhythm on Phase Angle Measured from Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Phase angle (PA) refers to changes in both the quantity and quality of soft tissue mass. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute high intensity intermittent exercise on phase angle determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) according to menstrual cycle (MC) and circadian rhythm (CR). Ten eumenorrheic women (menstrual cycle: 28.7 ± 2.05 days, age: 21.4±2.6 yrs) performed 5x6 second repeated sprint tests (RST) on cycle ergometer in the morning (08:30–10:00) and evening (18:00–19:00) sessions during the midfollicular (7–9th days) and luteal phases (21–23rd days) of the MC. The PA was determined before and after the RST (1st minute), 10th and 20th minutes using the formula (Arctangent (Reactance/Resistance) * (180/π). The effect of acute exercise and biological cycles on PA was determined by 2x2x4 (menstrual phase x time-of-day x exercise) repeated measures analysis of variance. The effects of MC and CR on PA value measured by BIA was not significant (p=0.095; η2=0.279, p=0.373; η2=0.089 respectively). The effect of acute high-intensity exercise on PA was also not significant (p=0.457; η2=0.090). Similarly, MC x CR (p=0.188; η2=0.184), MC x exercise (p=0.889; η2=0.023), CR x exercise (p=0.351; η2=0.112), MC x CR x exercise (p=0.048; η2=0.251) interactions were also not significant. The results of this study showed that the PA measured by the BIA method in women was not affected by acute high-intensity exercise combined with the MC and CR. In addition, the insignificance of interaction statistics indicates that the changes in the PA are similar. These findings suggested that biological cycles and acute high-intensity exercise are not limiting factors when determining changes in the quantity and quality of soft tissue mass in women.

Keywords

• Menstrual cycle
• Circadian rhythm
• Acute exercise
• Phase angle

Project Number

Proje No: THD-2019-18090

Menstrual Döngü ve Sirkadiyen Ritme Göre Akut Yüksek Şiddette Egzersizin Biyoelektrik Empedans Analizinden Ölçülen Faz Açısı Üzerine Etkisi: Pilot Çalışma

Abstract

Faz açısı (FA), hem yumuşak doku kütlesinin miktarındaki hem de kalitesindeki değişiklikleri ifade eder. Bu çalışmanın amacı, akut yüksek şiddette kesintili egzersizin menstrual döngü (MD) ve sirkadiyen ritme (SR) göre biyoelektrik impedans yöntemi (BIA) ile ölçülen FA üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Düzenli menstrual döngüye sahip (menstruasyon gün: 28.7 ± 2.05 gün) 10 gönüllü kadının (yaş = 21.4 ± 2.7 yıl) menstrual döngünün midfoliküler (7–9. günler) ve luteal (21–23. günler) fazlarında sabah (08:30–10:00) ve akşam (18:00–19:00) bisiklet ergometresinde 5x6 saniye tekrarlı sprint testinden önce ve hemen sonra (1. dakika), 10. ve 20. dakikalarda elden ayağa BIA’dan “arktanjant(Reaktans/Rezistans) x (180/π)” formülü kullanılarak FA belirlenmiştir. Biyolojik döngüler ve akut egzersizin FA üzerine etkisi için 2 x 2 x 4 (menstrual faz x günün zamanı x egzersiz) Tekrarlı ölçümlerde çok yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. MD’nin ve SR’nin BIA ile ölçülen FA üzerine etkisi anlamlı bulunmamıştır (sırasıyla p=0.095; η2=0.279, p=0.373; η2=0.089). Akut yüksek şiddette egzersizin de FA üzerine etkisi anlamlı değildir (p=0.457; η2=0.090). Benzer şekilde MD x SR (p=0.188; η2=0.184), MD x egzersiz (p=0. 889; η2=0.023), SR x egzersiz (p= 0.351; η2 = 0.112), MD x SR x egzersiz (p= 0.048; η2 = 0.251) etkileşimleri de anlamlı değildir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, kadınlarda BIA ile ölçülen faz açısının menstrual döngü ve sirkadiyen ritim ile kombine akut yüksek şiddetteki egzersizden etkilenmediğini göstermiştir. Ek olarak etkileşim istatistiklerinin anlamlı olmaması da faz açısında meydana gelen değişimlerin benzer olduğunu gösterir. Bu bulgular, kadınlarda yumuşak doku kütlesinin miktar ve kalitesindeki değişiklikler belirlenirken, biyolojik döngülerin ve akut yüksek şiddette egzersizin kısıtlayıcı etkisinin olmadığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Menstrual döngü
• Sirkadiyen ritim
• Akut egzersiz
• Faz açısı

Supporting Institution

Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Birimi

Project Number

Proje No: THD-2019-18090

Thanks

Verilerinin toplanmasındaki katkılarından dolayı Arş. Gör. Yunus Emre Ekici’ye teşekkür ederiz.

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