Futbolda Dar Alan Oyunlarında Sözel Teşvik: Pozitif ve Negatif Antrenör Teşvikinin Psikofizyolojik ve Teknik Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı pozitif ve negatif sözlü antrenör teşvikinin futbolda 4x4 dar alan oyunu üzerindeki psikofizyolojik ve teknik etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada, dar alan oyunlarına katılan 16 amatör genç erkek futbolcu (yaş: 16.75 ± 0.45 yıl) yer almıştır. Dar alan oyunları aynı antrenman tasarımı ve düzeni ile iki antrenman uygulaması sonucunda tamamlanmıştır. Birinci uygulamada antrenörler pozitif sözel teşvik kullanırken, diğer uygulamada negatif teşvik ile oyuna müdahale etmiştir. Oyunlar sırasında kalp atım hızı, keyif, algılanan zorluk derecesi, zihinsel yorgunluk, ruh hali ve teknik aktiviteler ölçülmüştür. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre pozitif antrenör teşvikinin, kalp atım hızı, kalp atım hızı yüzdesi, algılanan zorluk derecesi, keyif, canlılık ve yorgunluk ruh hallerine ek olarak başarılı pas ve top kazanma gibi teknik aktivitelerde de artışa neden olurken (p<0.05) zihinsel yorgunluk düzeyinde azalma sağladığı görülmüştür (p<0.05). Negatif antrenör teşviki ise başarısız pas ve top kaybı gibi teknik aktivitelerde artışa neden olmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, pozitif antrenör teşvikinin kalp atım hızı, oyunun şiddeti, keyif, algılanan zorluk, zihinsel yorgunluk, ruh hali ve teknik aktivitelerde oyun performansına olumlu yönde etkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle, pozitif antrenör teşviki özellikle genç oyuncuların teknik becerilerini geliştirmek, oyunlardaki şiddeti farklılaştırmak ve performanslarını arttırmak için kullanılabilen güçlü bir motivasyon aracı olabilir.

Keywords

• Sözlü antrenör teşviki
• Antrenör geribildirimi
• Psikofizyoloji
• Oyun temelli antrenman
• Antrenör davranışı

Verbal Encouragement in Small-sided Soccer Games: Psychophysiological and Technical Analysis of Positive and Negative Coach Encouragement

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the psychophysiological and technical effects of positive and negative verbal coach encouragement on 4-a-side small-sided games in soccer players. The study included sixteen amateur young male football players (age: 16.75 ± 0.45 years) who participated in small-sided soccer games. The small-sided games were completed in two training sessions with the same training design and organization. In one session, coaches provided positive verbal encouragement, whereas, in the other, coaches intervened in a negative coach encouragement behaviour. Heart rate, enjoyment, rating of perceived exertion, mental fatigue, mood, and technical activities were measured during the games. The study's findings revealed that positive coach encouragement significantly affects many dimensions of player performance and experience. Positive coaching encouragement caused an increase in the heart rate, heart rate percentage, perceived exertion, mood of enjoyment, vigor, fatigue, and technical activities of successful passing and ball winning (p<0.05). In contrast, it caused a decrease in mental fatigue (p<0.05). Negative coaching encouragement increased technical activities such as unsuccessful passing and ball loss (p<0.05). In conclusion, positive coaching encouragement positively affected heart rate, game intensity, enjoyment, perceived exertion, mental fatigue, mood, and technical activities on game performance. Therefore, using coach encouragement to motivate and inspire players to improve their skills and perform at their best can be a powerful tool for developing positive coaching strategies to optimize player performance and enhance the overall soccer experience.

Keywords

• Verbal coach encouragement
• Coach feedback
• Psychophysiology
• Game-based training
• Coach behaviour

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