Yere İniş Hareketinin Kinetik Analizi: Voleybol Oyuncuları ve Sedanter Katılımcıların Karşılaştırması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada yere iniş ve sıçrama hareketlerine yatkın olan ve olmayan kişilerin, yere iniş kinetiği ve postüral stabilite performansları incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya voleybol oyuncuları (n=6) ve sedanter üniversite öğrencilerinden (n=6) oluşan 12 sağlıklı, genç kadın gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Yüksekten kuvvet platformu üzerine çift ayak ile iniş sonrası 20 s sakin duruş denemelerine ait yer tepki kuvvetleri büyüklük ve zamansal yapısı analiz edilmiş, dinamik ve statik postüral stabilite performansları belirlenmiştir. Yere temas anı, yer tepki kuvveti dikey bileşeni (DYTK) pik değeri (DYTK_pik) ve bu değere ulaşılan süre (t_pik) yükleme hızının (YH) hesaplanmasında kullanılmıştır. Yere temas anı ile DYTK’nın 1 vücut ağırlığına eşit olduğu ana kadar geçen süre (t_DS:dinamik postüral stabilite süresi) belirlenmiş, sakin duruş safhasında (t_SS:statik postüral stabilite periyodu) basınç merkezi (COP) değişimlerinden COP Hızı (COP_Hız), COP Elips Alanı (EA) ve COP Değişim Aralığı (DA) hesaplanmıştır. DYTK_pik, dinamik ve statik postüral stabilite değişkenlerinin gruplar arası karşılaştırmasında Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Voleybolcu grupta DYTK_pik (p=0.015) ve YH (p=0.004) değerleri daha düşük, t_DS (p=0.001) süresi ise daha uzun ve iki grup arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. DYTK_pik ve YH değerleri arttıkça t_DS’nin artış eğiliminde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Spearman sıra korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre t_DS ile DYTK_pik (r_s=-0.461, p<0.001) ve YH (r_s=-0.276, p<0.001) arasında sırasıyla orta ve zayıf düzeyde negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. Sakin duruşta COP değişimleri ile ilişkili parametrelerde ise gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Sedanter grupta EA ve DA değerleri bir miktar yüksek, COP_Hız değerleri ise düşük bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları, kas-iskelet sistemi yaralanmaları ve gruplar arasındaki postüral stabilite performanslarındaki farklılıklar ile ilişkili olabilecek, harekete yatkınlığa bağlı postüral kontrol stratejilerine dair bilgi sunmaktadır. 

Keywords

• Yere İniş Kinetiği,Yer Tepki Kuvvetleri,Basınç Merkezi,Postural Stabilite

Kinetic Analysis of Drop Landing: Comparison of Volleyball Players and Novice Subjects

Abstract

This study investigates landing kinetics and postural stability of skilled volleyball players (n=6) and novice subjects (n=6). 12 healthy young females voluntarily participated in the study. The amplitude and temporal profile of the ground reaction forces (GRFs) which correspond to double-leg landing from a drop and subsequent 20-s quiet stance were analyzed. Dynamic and static postural stability performances were determined. Contact time (t₀), maximal vertical GRF (VGRF_max), time to VGRF_max (t_max) and Loading Rate (LR) were calculated. The time that elapsed from t₀ until the VGRF reaches to one body weight was determined (t_DS:dynamic postural stability duration). Center of Pressure (COP) Velocity (COP_V), Ellipse Area (EA), and Range were calculated from the COP trajectory during the quiet stance phase (t_SS:static postural stability period). Mann Whitney U test was used to compare VGRF_max, dynamic and static postural stability between groups. Whereas, VGRF_max (p=0.015) and LR (p=0.004) were found to be lower, t_DS (p=0.001) took longer in volleyball players. The differences between groups were statistically significant. There was a tendency to increase in t_DS with the increase in VGRF_max and LR. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a moderate and a weak negative correlation between t_DS with both VGRF_max (r_s=-0.461, p<0.001) and LR (r_s=-0.276, p<0.001) respectively. COP parameters for quiet stance were not significantly different between groups. Contrary to COP_V, COP EA and Range were slightly higher in the novice group. The results of this study provide further insight into postural control strategies in skilled and novice subjects which might be related with vulnerability to potential musculoskeletal injuries and differences in postural stability performances.

Keywords

• Landing Kinetics,Ground Reaction Forces,Center of Pressure

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