Futbolda Penaltı Vuruşunun Kinematiği: Kaleci ve Hedef Faktörünün Etkisi

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı kaleci faktörünün futbolda penaltı vuruşunun kinematikleri üzerine etkilerini incelemekti. Araştırmaya profesyonel futbol oynamış 1 kaleci ve 5 futbolcu gönüllü olarak katıldı. Kale üzerinde belirlenmiş hedeflere kalede kaleci varken (kalecili) ve yokken (kalecisiz) yapılan isabetli vuruşlar incelendi. Kalecili ve kalecisiz vuruşlar ile temas öncesi ve sonrası arasındaki kinematik farklılıklar tekrarlayan ölçümlerde varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile karşılaştırıldı. Antropometrik noktaların hızları kalecili ve kalecisiz vuruşlarda farklılık göstermezken, hedeflere göre anlamlı farklılıklar göstermiştir (p<.05). Kalecisiz sağ üst köşeye yapılan vuruşlarda topun yana (Z ekseni) hızının kalecili vuruşa göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<.05). Kalça eklemi hariç tüm antropometrik noktaların top temas öncesi ve sonrası hızlarında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<.05). Alt bacak ve ayak üyelerinin kütle merkezlerinin doğrusal hızlarında hedef faktörlerine göre anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<.05). Alt bacak ve ayak üyeleri kütle merkezlerinin topa temas öncesi öne doğrusal hızı topa temas sonrasından yüksek bulunmuştur. Diz ve ayak bileği eklem açıları ve açısal hızlarının kalecili ve kalecisiz vuruşlarda hedef faktörlerine göre anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<.05). Sonuç olarak kalede kaleci olmasının penaltı vuruşunun kinematiğini etkilemediği, buna karşın hedefin topa vuruş kinematiği üzerinde önemli bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Biyomekanik,Ayak içi vuruş,Hedef

Kinematic Analysis of Penalty Kick in Soccer: Effect of Goalkeeper and Target Factor

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of goalkeeper factor on the kinematics of the penalty kicking in soccer. Five professional players and one goalkeeper voluntarily participated in the study. Accurate penalty shots to fixed targets without and with goalkeeper in goalpost were analysed. Differences between penalty shots performed without and with goalkeeper were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Although no significant difference was found in velocity of anthropometric landmarks for penalty shots with or without goalkeeper, significant differences were found with regard to targets (p<.05). The linear horizontal velocity of the ball (Z axis) were significantly greater in penalty shots to right top corner without goalkeeper than that of right top corner with goalkeeper (p<.05). The linear velocities of anthropometric landmarks except hip were found to be significantly different when before and after contact were evaluated. Significant differences were found with regard to target factor in linear velocity of the center of mass of lower leg and foot (p<.05). The forward linear velocity of the center of mass of lower leg and foot was significantly greater before contact than after contact (p<.05). Knee and ankle joint angles and angular velocities were found to change significantly due to target (p<.05). Consequently, it was revealed that the kinematics of penalty kicking was not affected by existence of the goalkeeper in goalpoast, however, the target of the kick resulted in a significant change in the kinematics of the penalty kicking.

Keywords

• Biomechanics,Instep kicking,Target

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